Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 96.22.209.122 (talk) at 22:07, 14 June 2014 (ive removed the information that coulnd be confirmed). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Putin later acknowledged that in early March there were "secret opinion polls" held in Crimea, which, according to him, reported overwhelming popular support for Russian annexation of Crimea.

On 6 March, the Supreme Council moved the referendum date to 16 March and changed its scope to ask a new question: whether Crimea should accede to Russia or restore the 1992 constitution within Ukraine, which the Ukrainian government had previously invalidated. This referendum, unlike one announced earlier, contained no option to maintain the status quo of governance under the 1998 constitution.

On 14 March, the Crimean status referendum was deemed unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, and a day later, the Verkhovna Rada formally dissolved the Crimean parliament.

The referendum was held despite the opposition from Kiev. Official results reported about 95% of participating voters in Crimea and Sevastopol were in favor of joining Russia. The results of referendum are questioned, Another report by Evgeny Bobrov, a member of the Russian President's Human Rights Council, suggested the official results were inflated and only 15% to 30% of Crimeans actually voted for the Russian option.

The means by which the referendum was conducted were widely criticized by foreign governments and in the Ukrainian and international press, with reports that anyone holding a Russian passport regardless of residency in Crimea was allowed to vote. However, Russia defended the integrity of the voting process, and a group of European observers, principally from right-wing and far-right political parties aligned with Putin, said the referendum was conducted in a free and fair manner.

Breakaway republic

Republic of CrimeaРеспублика Крым Къырым Джумхуриети Республіка Крим
2014–2014
Flag Coat of arms
Location of the Republic of Crimea, comprising the former Autonomous Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol (green)
Capital	Simferopol 44°57′N 34°06′E / 44.950°N 34.100°E / 44.950; 34.100
Common languages	Russian Ukrainian Crimean Tatar
Government	Republic
Legislature	Crimean Parliament
History
• Letter of intent	11 March 2014
• Referendum	16 March 2014
• Declared	17 March 2014
• Annexed	18 March 2014
Area
Total	26,100 km (10,100 sq mi)
2007	26,100 km (10,100 sq mi)
Population
• 2007	2,352,385
Preceded by Succeeded by Ukraine Autonomous Republic of Crimea Sevastopol Russia Republic of Crimea Sevastopol

On 17 March, following the official announcement of the referendum results, the Supreme Council of Crimea declared the formal independence of the Republic of Crimea, comprising the territories of both the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, which was granted special status within the breakaway republic. The Crimean parliament declared the "partial repeal" of Ukrainian laws and began nationalizing Ukrainian state property located on the Crimean Peninsula, including Ukrainian ports and property of Chornomornaftogaz. Parliament also formally requested that the Russian government admit the breakaway republic into Russia. On same day, the de facto Supreme Council renamed itself the Crimean State Council, declared the Russian ruble an official currency alongside the hryvnia, and announced that Crimea would switch to Moscow Time (UTC+4) on 30 March.

Putin officially recognized the Republic of Crimea by decree and approved the admission of Crimea and Sevastopol as federal subjects of Russia.

Accession treaty and immediate aftermath

The Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia was signed between representatives of the Republic of Crimea (including Sevastopol, with which the rest of Crimea briefly unified) and the Russian Federation on March 18, 2014 to lay out terms for the immediate admission of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol as federal subjects of Russia and part of the Russian Federation. It was ratified by the Federal Assembly by March 21.

On 19 March Putin submitted to the State Duma, the lower house of parliament, a treaty of Crimea’s reunification with Russia and a constitutional amendment on setting up two new constituent territories of the Russian Federation. Russian Constitutional Court found that treaty is in compliance with Constitution of Russia. The court sat in an emergency session following a formal request by President Vladimir Putin to assess the constitutionality of the treaty.

After the Russian Constitutional Court upheld the constitutionality of the treaty, the State Duma ratified it on 20 March. The Duma also approved the draft federal constitutional law admitting Crimea and Sevastopol and establishing them as federal subjects. A Just Russia's Ilya Ponomarev was the only State Duma member to vote against the measures. A day later, the treaty itself and the required amendment to article 65 of the Russian Constitution (which lists the federal subjects of Russia) were ratified by the Federation Council and almost immediately signed into law by Putin. Crimea's admission to the Russian Federation was considered retroactive to 18 March, when Putin and Crimean leaders signed the draft treaty.

On 24 March, Ukraine ordered the full withdrawal of all of its armed forces from Crimea. The Ukrainian Ministry of Defense reported about half of Ukraine's troops in Crimea defected to Russia.

On 27 March, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution, which declared the Crimean referendum and subsequent status change invalid, by a vote of 100 to 11, with 58 abstentions and 24 absent.

Crimea and Sevastopol switched to Moscow Time at the end of March.

On 2 April, Russia formally denounced the 2010 Kharkiv Pact and Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet. Putin cited "the accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol into Russia" and resulting "practical end of renting relationships" as his reason for the denunciation. On the same day, he signed a decree formally rehabilitating the Crimean Tatars, who were ousted from their lands in 1944, and the Armenian, German, Greek, and Bulgarian minority communities in the region that Stalin also ordered removed in the 1940s.

On 11 April, the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea and City Charter of Sevastopol were adopted, and on same day, the new federal subjects were enumerated in a newly published revision of the Russian Constitution.

Transition and aftermath

The number of tourists visiting Crimea in the 2014 season is expected to be lower than in the previous years due to worries about the political situation. The Crimean government members however hope that Russian tourists will flow in calling it the Russian season. The Russian government is planning to promote Crimea as a resort and provide subsidized holidays to the peninsula for children and state workers.

The Sofia news agency Novinite claims that according to the German newspaper Die Welt, the annexation of Crimea is economically disadvantageous for the Russian Federation. Russia will have to spend billions of euros a year to pay salaries and pensions. Moreover, Russia will have to undertake costly projects to connect Crimea to the Russian water supply and power system because Crimea has no land connection to Russia and at present gets water, gas and electricity from mainland Ukraine. This will require building a bridge and a pipeline across the Kerch Strait. Also, Novinite claims that a Ukrainian expert told Die Welt that Crimea "will not be able to attract tourists". One major reason is that Ukraine does not require visas for Europeans and North Americans to visit the country, but Russia does.

The Russian business newspaper Kommersant expresses an opinion that Russia will not acquire anything economically from "accessing" Crimea, which is not very developed industrially, having just a few big factories, and whose yearly gross product is only $4 billion. The newspaper also says that everything from Russia will have to be delivered by sea, higher costs of transportation will result in higher prices for everything, and in order to avoid a decline in living standards Russia will have to subsidize Crimean people for a few months. In total, Kommersant estimates the costs of integrating Crimea into Russia in $30 billion over the next decade, i.e. $3 billion per year.

On the other hand western oil experts estimate that Russia's seizing of Crimea, and the associated control of an area of Black Sea more than three times its land area gives it access to oil and gas reserves potentially worth trillions of dollars. It also deprives Ukraine of its chances of energy independence. Most immediately however, analysts say, Moscow's acquisition may alter the route along which the South Stream pipeline would be built, saving Russia money, time and engineering challenges. It would also allow Russia to avoid building in Turkish territorial waters, which was necessary in the original route in order to avoid Ukrainian territory.

Russian/Chechen businessman Ruslan Baisarov announced he is ready to invest 12 billion rubles into the construction of a modern sea resort in Crimea, which is expected to create about 1,300 jobs. Ramzan Kadyrov, the Head of Chechnya, said that other Chechen businessmen are planning to invest into Crimea as well.

The Russian Federal Service for Communications (Roskomnadzor) warned about a transition period as Russian operators have to change the numbering capacity and subscribers. Country code will be replaced from the Ukrainian +380 to Russian +7. Codes in Crimea start with 65, but in the area of "7" the 6 is given to Kazakhstan which shares former Soviet Union +7 with Russia, so city codes have to change. The regulator assigned 869 dialing code to Sevastopol and the rest of the peninsula received a 365 code. At the time of the unification with Russia, telephone operators and Internet service providers in Crimea and Sevastopol are connected to the outside world through the territory of Ukraine. Minister of Communications of Russia, Nikolai Nikiforov announced on his Twitter account that postal codes in Crimea will now have six-figures: to the existing five-digit number the number two will be added at the beginning. For example, the Simferopol postal code 95000 will become 295000.

Regrading Crimea's borders, the head of Russian Federal Agency for the Development of the State Border Facilities (Rosgranitsa) Konstantin Busygin, who was speaking at a meeting led by Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin in Simferopol, the capital of Crimea said the Russian state border in the north of Crimea which, according to his claims, now forms part of the Russian-Ukrainian border, will be fully equipped with necessary facilities. In the area that now forms the border between Crimea and Ukraine mining the salt lake inlets from the sea that constitute the natural borders, and in the spit of land left over stretches of no-man’s-land with wire on either side was created. On early June that year Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a Government resolution №961 dated June 5, 2014 establishing air, sea, road and railway checkpoints. The adopted decisions create a legal basis for the functioning of a checkpoint system at the Russian state border in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.

Human rights situation

On May 9, 2014 new "anti-extremist" amendment to the Criminal Code of Russia, passed in December 2013, came into force. New article 280.1 designated incitement of violation of territorial integrity of the Russian Federation (incl. calls for secession of Crimea from the Russia) as a criminal offence in Russia, punishable by a fine of 300 thousand roubles or imprisonment up to 3 years. If such statements are made in public media or the internet, the punishment could be obligatory works up to 480 hours or imprisonment up to five years.

Following the annexation of Crimea, according to report released on the Russian government run President of Russia’s Council on Civil Society and Human Rights website, Tatars who were opposed to Russian rule have been persecuted, Russian law restricting freedom of speech has been imposed, and the new pro-Russian authorities "liquidated" the Kiev Patriarchate Orthodox church on the peninsula.

After the annexation, on May 16 the new Russian authorities of Crimea issued a ban on the annual commemorations of the anniversary of the Deportation of the Crimean Tatars by Stalin in 1944, citing "possibility of provocation by extremists" as a reason. Previously, when Crimea was controlled by Ukraine, these commemorations had taken place every year.The pro-Russian Crimean authorities also banned Mustafa Jemilev, a human rights activist, Soviet dissent, member of the Ukrainian parliament, and former Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatars from entering Crimea. Additionally, Mejlis reported, that officers of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) raided Tatar homes in the same week, on the pretense of "suspicion of terrorist activity". The Tatar community eventually did hold commemorative rallies in defiance of the ban. In response Russian authorities flew helicopters over the rallies in an attempt to disrupt them.

Ukrainian response

Immediately after the treaty of accession was signed in March, the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned the Provisional Principal of Russia in Ukraine to present note verbale of protest against Russia's recognition of the Republic of Crimea and its subsequent annexation. Two days later, the Verkhovna Rada condemned the treaty and called Russia's actions "a gross violation of international law". The Rada called on the international community to avoid recognition of the "so-called Republic of Crimea" or the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia as new federal subjects.

On 15 April 2014, the Verkhovna Rada declared the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol to be under "provisional occupation" by the Russian military. The territories were also deemed "inalienable parts of Ukraine" subject to Ukrainian law. Among other things, the special law approved by the Rada restricted foreign citizens' movements to and from the Crimean Peninsula and forbade certain types of entrepreneurship. The law also forbade activity of government bodies formed in violation of Ukrainian law and designated their acts as null and void. The voting rights of Crimea in national Ukrainian elections were also suspended. The law had little to no actual effect in Crimea itself due to the mutual non-recognition between Kiev and Simferopol.

International response

United Nations Resolutions

Security Council Resolution

On March 15, 2014 a U.S.-sponsored resolution was put forward to vote in the UN Security Council to reaffirm council's commitment to Ukraine's "sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity." A total of 13 council members voted in favour of the resolution, China abstained, while Russia vetoed the U.N. resolution declaring Crimean referendum, 2014, on the future of Crimean Peninsula, as illegal. The Russian veto to the UN Security Council resolution was followed by a successful referendum was held on March 16, 2014, by the legislature of Crimea as well as by the local government of Sevastopol. After the referendum, the Republic of Crimea declared its independence from Ukraine the next day, started seeking UN recognition, and requested to join the Russian Federation. On the same day, Russia recognized Crimea as a sovereign state.

General Assembly Resolution

On March 27, 2014, The UN General Assembly approved a resolution describing the referendum leading to annexation of Crimea by Russia as illegal. The draft resolution, which was titled 'Territorial integrity of Ukraine' was co-sponsored by Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and the US. It affirmed council's commitment to the "sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders." The resolution tried to underscored that the March 16 referendum held in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol has no validity and cannot form the basis for any alteration of the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea or of the city of Sevastopol. The resolution got 100 votes in its favor, while 11 nations voted against and 58 countries abstained from the vote. The resolution was non-binding and the vote was largely symbolic.

Recognition

The vast majority of the international community has not recognized the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol as part of Russia. Most nations located in North America, Central America, Europe, Oceania, Africa, as well as non-former-Soviet-Union Asia have openly rejected the referendum and the accession, and instead consider Crimea and Sevastopol to be administrative divisions of Ukraine. It is important to note, however, a number of nations from all the aforementioned regions have recognized the referendum. The remainder have largely remained neutral. The vote on United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262 (supporting the position that Crimea and Sevastopol remain part of Ukraine) was 100 to 11 in favor, with 58 states abstaining and a further 24 of the 193 member states not voting through being absent when the vote took place. The 100 states voting in favor represented about 34% of the world's population, the 11 against represented about 4.5%, the 58 abstentions represented about 58%, and the 24 absents represented about 3.5%.

Several members of the United Nations have made statements about their recognition of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol as federal subjects of Russia:

Position of  Belarus is vague: it includes "Ukraine should remain an integral, indivisible, non-aligned state" and "As for Crimea, I do not like it when the integrity and independence of a country are broken", on the one hand, and "Today Crimea is part of the Russian Federation. No matter whether you recognize it or not, the fact remains." and "Whether Crimea will be recognized as a region of the Russian Federation de-jure does not really matter", on the other hand.

Three non-UN member states recognized the results of the referendum: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Nagorno-Karabakh. A fourth, Transnistria, sent a request on March 18 to join the Russian Federation following the Crimean example and in compliance with the Admission Law provisions. On April 16, Transnistria urged Russia and the United Nations to recognize its independence. Putin is aware of Transnistria's recognition request, according to Dmitry Peskov.

The following states have recognized the 2014 Crimean referendum.

State	UN member	Date	References
Russia	Yes	17 March 2014
Venezuela	Yes	17 March 2014
South Ossetia	No	17 March 2014
Abkhazia	No	17 March 2014
Kazakhstan	Yes	18 March 2014
Armenia	Yes	19 March 2014
Nagorno-Karabakh	No	19 March 2014
Kyrgyzstan	Yes	20 March 2014
Uganda	Yes	21 March 2014
Afghanistan	Yes	22 March 2014
North Korea	Yes	22 March 2014
Syria	Yes	22 March 2014
Belarus	Yes	23 March 2014
Cuba	Yes	27 March 2014
Bolivia	Yes	27 March 2014
Nicaragua	Yes	27 March 2014
Sudan	Yes	27 March 2014
Zimbabwe	Yes	27 March 2014

Commentary

German Federal Minister of Finance Wolfgang Schäuble, Chancellor Angela Merkel and Minister of Foreign Affairs Frank-Walter Steinmeier all stated, that such comparisons are unacceptable.

U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham said the United States should aim to "drive the Russian economy into the ground." Czech President Miloš Zeman said: "Even though I understand the interests of Crimea’s Russian-speaking majority, which was annexed to Ukraine by Khrushchev, we have our experience with the 1968 Russian military invasion."

Sanctions

Sanctions were imposed to prevent Russian and Crimean officials and politicians to travel to Canada, the United States, and the European Union.

Japan announced milder sanctions than the US and EU. These include suspension of talks relating to military, space, investment, and visa requirements.

Lithuanian President Dalia Grybauskaitė praised the U.S.'s decision to sanction Russia, saying Obama had set an example.

In response to the sanctions introduced by the U.S. and EU, the Russian Duma unanimously passed a resolution asking for all members of the Duma to be included on the sanctions list. Head of the opposition A Just Russia party Sergei Mironov said he was proud of being included on the sanctions list, "It is with pride that I have found myself on the black list, this means they have noticed my stance on Crimea."

Three days after the lists were published, the Russian Foreign Ministry published a reciprocal sanctions list of US citizens, which consisted of 10 names, including House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner, Senator John McCain, and two advisers to President Obama. Several of those sanctioned responded with pride at their inclusion on the list, including John Boehner who, through his spokesperson Michael Steel, said, “The Speaker is proud to be included on a list of those willing to stand against Putin’s aggression."; John McCain who tweeted, "I'm proud to be sanctioned by Putin - I'll never cease my efforts & dedication to freedom & independence of Ukraine, which includes Crimea."; Bob Menendez; Dan Coats; Mary Landrieu and Harry Reid.

According to the Financial Times on Friday, March 21, "As recently as the start of the week, some of Moscow's financial elite were blasé about the prospect of sanctions. But Russia's businessmen were no longer smiling by after expanded US sanctions rippled through financial markets hitting the business interests of some of the country's richest people." The Americans centered on the heart of Moscow's leadership, though the EU initial list shied from targeting Putin's inner circle. As ratings agencies Fitch and Standard & Poor's downgraded Russian credit outlook, Novatek, Russian second-largest gas producer, saw $2.5bn in market value wiped out when its shares sank by nearly 10%, rendering Putin's close friend Gennady Timchenko, who has a 23% stake in the company, $575m poorer. "I do hope that there is some serious diplomatic activity going on behind the scenes," said one Russian banker quoted by the newspaper, though others were more sanguine on the question of whether the sanctions would have any enduring effect—"What has been announced so far is really nothing. It's purely cosmetic," said a French banker based in Moscow—and Russians, top and bottom, seemed defiant. The official Russian response was mixed.

Cartographic response

• National Geographic Society stated, that their policy is "to portray current reality" and "Crimea, if it is formally annexed by Russia, would be shaded gray", but also further remarked that this step does not suggest recognizing legitimacy of such annexation. As of April 2014 Crimea is still displayed as part of Ukraine.
• Google Maps will paint Crimea as disputed territory for most of visitors. For Russian and Ukrainian versions of website Crimea will be marked as belonging to corresponding country (Russia or Ukraine respectively). Google stated, that it "work with sources to get the best interpretation of the border or claim lines".
• Yandex Maps displays Crimea according to official position of user's country. Users, visiting Yandex.ru from Russia, will see Crimea displayed as Russian territory. Users, visiting Yandex.ua or Yandex.ru from Crimea, will see peninsula as belonging to corresponding country (Ukraine or Russia). Users, visiting yandex.ua from Ukraine will see Crimea as Ukrainian and all other users (from other countries) will see Crimea as Russian territory. According to official statement, the company works with users from different countries and "displays reality, that surrounds them".
• Bing Maps, OpenStreetMap and HERE display Crimea as belonging to Ukraine. In particular, Open Street Map requested its users to refrain from editing borders and administrative relations of subdivisions located in Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol until 31 May 2014. On June 5, 2014 OpenStreetMap switched to a territorial dispute option, displaying Crimea as a disputed territory belonging to both countries.
• Mail.Ru maps display Crimea as part of Russia

See also

• Simferopol Incident controversy

References

1. "Путин: Россия не планировала присоединять Крым" (in Russian). ITAR-TASS. 10 April 2014.
2. "Референдум в Крыму: ответ "нет" не предусмотрен". Voice of America (in Russian).
3. "КС признал неконституционным постановление о проведении референдума в Крыму - Видео".
4. "Про дострокове припинення повноважень Верховної Ради Автономної Республіки Крим" (in Ukrainian).
5. "Crimea referendum Wide condemnation after region votes to split from Ukraine Fox News". Fox News. March 16, 2014.
6. Halimah, Halimah (March 17, 2014). "Crimea's vote: Was it legal?". CNN. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
7. "Putin's 'Human Rights Council' Accidentally Posts Real Crimean Election Results"
8. "Russian government agency reveals fraudulent nature of the Crimean referendum results."
9. Проблемы жителей Крыма Template:Ru icon
10. "The Kremlin's marriage of convenience with the European far right". oDR. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
11. "Extreemrechtse partijen uitgenodigd op referendum Krim" (in Dutch). De Redactie. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
12. "Referendum day in Crimea's Simferopol". Deutsche Welle. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
13. "Парламент Крыма принял Декларацию о независимости АРК и г. Севастополя". Государственный Совет Республики Крым. March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
14. Marie-Louise Gumuchian (March 17, 2014). "Crimea votes to break from Ukraine, join Russia. What happens next?". CNN. Retrieved March 17, 2014. On Monday, lawmakers in Crimea approved a resolution that declared the Black Sea peninsula an independent, sovereign state. They then filed an appeal to join the Russian Federation.
15. "Crimea votes to join Russian Federation: 96.77% say YES". RT. Crimea was declared an independent sovereign state, the Republic of Crimea, on Monday, the autonomous Ukrainian regional parliament's website stated. The Supreme Council of Crimea unanimously voted to integrate of the region into Russia.
16. "Постановление Верховной Рады Автономной Республики Крым от 17 марта 2014 года № 1745-6/14 "О независимости Крыма"". www.rada.crimea.ua (in Russian).
17. "Парламент Крыма национализировал порты полуострова и их имущество". nbnews.com.ua (in Russian). 17 March 2014.
18. "Крым национализировал "Черноморнефтегаз"". glavred.info (in Russian). 17 March 2014.
19. "Crimea applies to be part of Russian Federation after vote to leave Ukraine". The Guardian. March 17, 2014.
20. "Крым начал процедуру присоединения к РФ, объявив о независимости" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 17 March 2014.
21. " "Russian ruble announced Crimea's official currency". ITAR-TASS. March 17, 2014.
22. "Названа дата перехода Крыма на московское время". Lenta.ru (in Russian). 17 March 2014.
23. "Executive Order on recognising Republic of Crimea". Kremlin. March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
24. Распоряжение Президента Российской Федерации от 17.03.2014 № 63-рп "О подписании Договора между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов" at www.pravo.gov.ru Template:Ru icon
25. "Договор между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов". Kremlin.ru. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
26. Ukraine crisis: Putin signs Russia-Crimea treaty, BBC, March 18, 2014
27. "Crimea, Sevastopol officially join Russia as Putin signs final decree". RT. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
28. "Putin submits Treaty on Crimea's accession, new constitutional amendment to State Duma". En.itar-tass.com. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
29. "Treaty on Crimea's accession to Russia corresponds to Russian Constitution". En.itar-tass.com. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
30. "Russian Constitutional Court Backs Crimea Reunification, RIA NOVOSTI". En.ria.ru. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
31. "State Duma ratifies treaty on admission of Crimea into Russia". ITAR TASS. 20 March 2014. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
32. "Госдума приняла закон о присоединении Крыма". Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 20 March 2014. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
33. "Справка о голосовании по вопросу:О проекте федерального конституционного закона № 475944-6 "О принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов - Республики Крым и города федерального значения Севастополя" (первое чтение)". Vote.duma.gov.ru. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
34. "Справка о голосовании по вопросу: О проекте федерального конституционного закона № 475944-6 "О принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов - Республики Крым и города федерального значения Севастополя" (в целом)". Vote.duma.gov.ru. 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
35. "Russian Federation Council ratifies treaty on Crimea's entry to Russia". ITAR TASS. 21 March 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
36. Подписаны законы о принятии Крыма и Севастополя в состав России kremlin.ru Template:Ru icon
37. "Федеральный конституционный закон от 21 марта 2014 г. N 6-ФКЗ "О принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов - Республики Крым и города федерального значения Севастополя"" (in Russian). Article 1.<...>3. Republic of Crimea shall be considered admitted to the Russian Federation since date of signing of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on the Accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the Formation of New Federal Constituent Entities within the Russian Federation
38. "Ukraine orders Crimea troop withdrawal as Russia seizes naval base". CNN. 24 March 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
39. "Ukranian News - Defense Ministry: 50% Of Ukrainian Troops In Crimea Defect To Russia". Un.ua. 2014-03-24. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
40. Jonathan Marcus (2014-03-24). "BBC News - Ukrainian forces withdraw from Crimea". Bbc.com. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
41. "United Nations News Centre - Backing Ukraine's territorial integrity, UN Assembly declares Crimea referendum invalid". Un.org. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
42. Charbonneau, Louis. "U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid". Reuters. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
43. "В 22.00 в Крыму и в Севастополе стрелки часов переведут на два часа вперёд – на московское время". March 29, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
44. "Crimea to set clocks to Russia time".
45. Прекращено действие соглашений, касающихся пребывания Черноморского флота на Украине Kremlin.ru Template:Ru icon
46. See Presidential explainatory note to the denunciation bill Template:Ru icon
47. Nikiforov, Vadim (12 March 2014). "Крым и Севастополь ожидают представления свыше" (in Russian). Kommersant. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
48. Nezamyatnyj, Ivan (11 April 2014). "Крым прописался в конституции России". mk.ru (in Russian).
49. "Российские туристы поедут в Крым, если ...смогут туда добраться". Komsomolskaya Pravda. July 17, 2013.
50. "Крым готовится к референдуму и ожидает Русских сезонов". РИА Оренбуржье. March 17, 2014.
51. "Снова в "Артек"". Vzglyad. March 17, 2014.
52. "Die Welt: Crimea's Accession Will Cost Russia Billions". Novinite. March 17, 2014.
53. "Расходный полуостров". Kommersant. March 7, 2014.
54. "In taking Crimea, Putin gains a sea of fuel reserves". Times of India. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
55. Crimea: an EU-US-Exxon Screwup. Counterpunch.org. May 23–25, 2014.
56. "Оздоровлением курортов Крыма займется Руслан Байсаров". Top.rbc.ru. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
57. "Central Telegraph to set Russian tariffs on telegrams in Crimea Apr 3". Prime. March 26, 2014. Retrieved March 230, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
58. "Крымчанам придется поменять номера телефонов и SIM-карты". comnews.ru. March 19, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
59. ""Почта России" переводит почтовое сообщение с Крымом на российские тарифы". comnews.ru. March 25, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
60. "Russian state border in north Crimea to be fully equipped in early May". ITAR TASS. April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
61. "Sneaking Into Crimea - Or Maybe Not". Forbes. May 30, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
62. О пунктах пропуска через государственную границу России в Республике Крым и городе Севастополе
63. "Government Order On checkpoints at the Russian border in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol". Government of Russia official website. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
64. ^ Федеральный закон от 28.12.2013 N 433-ФЗ "О внесении изменения в Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации" Template:Ru icon
65. Автор статьи: Мария Макутина. "За призывы вернуть Крым Украине можно будет лишиться свободы сроком до пяти лет - РБК daily". Rbcdaily.ru. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
67. В канун 70-й годовщины депортации на полуострове отменены все массовые мероприятия - Газета.Ru | Политика
68. ^ Hille, Katherine (May 18, 2014). "Crimean Tatars defy ban on rallies to commemorate deportation". Financial Tims. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
69. ^ Winning, Alexander (May 18, 2014). "Crimean Tatars commemorate Soviet deportation despite ban". Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
70. "Crimea helicopters try to disrupt Tatar rallies". BBC. BBC. 18 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
71. "МИД вызвал Временного поверенного в делах РФ в Украине для вручения ноты-протеста". unn.com.ua (in Russian). 18 March 2014.
72. "Декларація "Про боротьбу за звільнення України"". rada.gov.ua (in Ukrainian).
73. "Верховна Рада України ухвалила Закон "Про забезпечення прав і свобод громадян та правовий режим на тимчасово окупованій території України"" (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada. 15 April 2014.
74. "Верховная Рада Украины приняла Закон "Об обеспечении прав и свобод граждан и правовом режиме на временно оккупированной территории Украины"" (in Russian). Verkhovna Rada. 15 April 2014.
75. "Рада приняла закон о защите прав граждан "оккупированного Крыма"". vz.ru (in Russian). 15 April 2014.
76. USA TODAY Research and Ashley M. Williams (March 15, 2014). "Russia vetoes U.N. resolution on Crimea's future". www.usatoday.com. usatoday. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
77. Crimean parliament formally applies to join Russia, BBC, March 17, 2014
78. Vasovic, Aleksandar. "U.S., EU set sanctions as Putin recognizes Crimea sovereignty". Reuters. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
79. Putin Recognizes Crimea Secession, Defying the West, New York Times, March 17, 2014
80. "GENERAL ASSEMBLY ADOPTS RESOLUTION CALLING UPON STATES NOT TO RECOGNIZE CHANGES IN STATUS OF CRIMEA REGION". www.un.org. UN. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
81. "Ukraine: UN condemns Crimea vote as IMF and US back loans". www.bbc.com. BBC. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
82. ^ "Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea". The New York Times. February 27, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2014. Masked men with guns seized government buildings in the capital of Ukraine's Crimea region on Thursday, barricading themselves inside and raising the Russian flag after mysterious overnight raids that appeared to be the work of militant Russian nationalists who want this volatile Black Sea region ruled from Moscow.
83. Visiting Russia, Fidel Castro's Son Scoffs at U.S. Sanctions Over Crimea
84. "Nicaragua recognizes Crimea as part of Russia". Kyiv Post. 27 March 2014.
85. Russian Federation Council ratifies treaty on Crimea’s entry to Russia. itar-tass.com. 21 March 2014
86. President of the Republic of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko answers questions of mass media representatives on 23 March 2014. president.gov.by. 23 March 2014.
87. "Transnistria wants to merge with Russia". Vestnik Kavkaza. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
88. "Moldova's Trans-Dniester region pleads to join Russia". Bbc.com. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
89. "Dniester public organizations ask Russia to consider possibility of Transnistria accession". En.itar-tass.com. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
90. Gianluca Mezzofiore (April 16, 2014). "Transnistria Urges Kremlin and UN to Recognise Independence". International Business Times. Retrieved May 6, 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
91. "Peskov: Putin aware of Transnistria's request on independence recognition". KyivPost. April 17, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2014. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
92. Президент РФ подписал указ о признании независимости Крыма. Russian.rt.com. 17 March 2014.
93. ^ Afghanistan respects Crimea's right to self-determination – Karzai. rt.com. 22 March 2014
94. ^ UN General Assembly approves referendum calling Russia annexation of Crimea illegal. Associated Press via Fox News. 27 March 2014
95. ^ "Sokhumi, Tskhinvali Recognize Crimea Vote". civil.ge. 17 March 2014.
96. Kazakhstan supported Russia on the ‘Crimean question’. qha.com.ua. 19 March 2014
97. Sarkisian Backs Crimean Referendum in Phone Call with Putin. asbarez.com. 19 March 2014
98. Karabakh Foreign Ministry Issues Statement on Crimea. Asbarez.com. Retrieved on 23 March 2014.
99. Kyrgyzstan Recognizes Crimea Referendum Results. ria.ru. 20 March 2014.
100. Маргелов: лидеры африканских стран поддерживают позицию РФ по Крыму. ria.ru. 20 March 2014
101. Африка признаёт референдум // Метро.- № 35 (47/2965). 21 March 2014. p. 4
102. Karzai: Afghanistan Endorses Crimean Right to Decide Their Future. tolonews.com. 23 March 2014
103. Belarusian president: Crimea is de-facto part of Russia. rt.com. 23 March 2014
104. Lukashenko: Crimea is part of Russia now. itar-tass.com. 23 March 2014
105. "Глава Минфина ФРГ: Я не сравнивал Россию с нацистской Германией". top.rbc.ru (in Russian). 4 April 2014.
106. "Senators press Obama to crank up Russia punishment, warn of Ukraine ‘civil war’". Fox News. May 4, 2014.
107. "Cold War Ghosts Haunt East Europe in Moves for Crimea". Bloomberg. March 3, 2014
108. "President of Russia". Eng.kremlin.ru. 2014-03-21. Retrieved 2014-05-18.
109. "Japan imposes sanctions against Russia over Crimea independence". Fox News. 2014-03-18. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
110. ^ "Russia sanctions 9 US officials in response to US sanctions on Russian officials". CNBC. March 20, 2014.
111. ^ "All Russian MPs volunteer to be subject to US, EU sanctions". 2014-03-18. Retrieved 2014-03-20.
112. Sanctions tit-for-tat: Moscow strikes back against US officials RT Retrieved on March 20, 2014
113. ^ Lowery & O'Keefe, Wesley & Ed (March 20, 2014). "Reacting to sanctions, Russians ban Reid, Boehner and four other lawmakers". Washington Post.
114. ^ Isherwood, Darryl (March 20, 2014). "Bob Menendez is banned from Russia". NJ.
115. ^ Weigel, David (March 20, 2014). "Senators Celebrate Being Sanctioned by Russia". Slate.
116. ^ Farchy, Jack; Hume, Neil (21 March 2014). "Russian share prices drop as sanctions bite". ft.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
117. Buckley, Neil (21 March 2014). "Putin feels the heat as sanctions target president's inner circle". ft.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
118. Traynor, Ian (21 March 2014). "European Union prepares for trade war with Russia over Crimea". theguardian.com. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
119. ^ Tanas, Olga (21 March 2014). "Russia's Credit Outlook Cut as U.S., EU Widen Sanction Lists". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
120. Farchy, Jack; Hille, Kathrin; Weaver, Courtney (21 March 2014). "Russian executives quake as US sanctions rattle markets". ft.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
121. Matzen, Eric; Martin, Michelle (21 March 2014). "Russian sanctions ripple through corporate boardrooms". Reuters. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
122. Hille, Kathrin (21 March 2014). "Putin boosted by defiant tone at top and among people". ft.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
123. Alpert, Lukas I.; Sonne, Paul (21 March 2014). "Russia Sends Mixed Signals in Response to U.S. Sanctions". wsj.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
124. "Statement Regarding the Mapping of Crimea". National Geographic Society. 19 March 2014.
125. ^ "КРЫМ НА КАРТАХ МИРА: СИТУАЦИЯ ПОМЕНЯЛАСЬ". hi-tech.mail.ru (in Russian). 11 April 2014.
126. "Google сделала Крым российским на картах для рунета". lenta.ru (in Russian). 11 April 2014.
127. Kyle O’Donnell and Julie Johnsson (22 March 2014). "Russian Cartographers Add Crimea to Maps Amid Sanctions". bloomberg.com.
128. ""Яндекс" показывает разные карты в России и на Украине". slon.ru (in Russian). 22 March 2014.
129. "Parliament challenges mapmakers to mark Crimea Russian territory". en.itar-tass.com. 26 March 2014.
130. "Statement by the DWG on edit conflicts in Crimea". OpenStreetMap Foundation. 2014-06-05. In the short-term Crimea shall remain in both the Ukraine and Russia administrative relations, and be indicated as disputed. We recognize that being in two administrative relations is not a good long-term solution, although the region is likely to be indicated as disputed for some time.
131. "Mail.ru и Yandex изменят карты в связи с присоединением Крыма к России" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 19 March 2014.

External links

• A treaty of accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol to the Russian Federation. Unofficial English translation with commentary

• 2014 Crimean crisis
• 2014 in Russia
• 2014 in Ukraine
• Politics of Crimea
• Secession in Ukraine
• Treaties concluded in 2014
• Treaties of Russia
• Treaties entered into force in 2014