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This is a list of scientists and scholars from the Muslim World and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear.

Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Muslim naming articles are not used for indexing:

• Al - the
• ibn, bin, banu - son of
• abu - father of, the one with

To maintain consistency and keep the list easy to navigate, please follow the Entries Format for the List of Arab scientists and scholars on the Talk page when adding names.

• Top
• 0–9
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

A

• Ahmad al-Qalqashandi (1355 or 1356, Nile Delta, Egypt–1418), writer and mathematician
• Abd el-Latif el-Baghdadi (1162, Baghdad–Iraq–1231), physician, historian and Egyptologist
• Avempace - See Ibn Bajjah (1085–1138), polymath
• Abulcasis - See Al-Zahrawi (936–1013), philosopher, doctor and dentist
• Ahmad ibn Fadlan (10th century, Baghdad,Iraq), writer and traveler; member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars
• Ahmad ibn Majid (1432, Ras al-Khaimah, Oman–1500,?), navigator and poet
• Ahmed ibn Yusuf (835, Baghdad–912, Egypt), mathematician
• Ali Ben Isa (9th century)
• Ali ibn Ridwan (c. 988, Giza, Egypt–1061, Egypt), astronomer and geometer with Khalid Ben Abdulmelik
• Al-Asma'i (739, Basra, Iraq–831, Basra, Iraq), pioneer of zoology, botany and animal husbandry
• Abubacer - See Ibn Tufail (1105–1185), writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official
• Ahmed Zewail
• Nayef Al-Rodhan

B

• Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad, Iraq–1037), arithmetic
• Al-Baqillani (?, Basra, Iraq–1013, Basra, Iraq), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer
• Al-Battani (850, Harran, Turkey–929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq), astronomer and mathematician

D

• Ibn Duraid (837, Basra, Iraq–934, Baghdad, Iraq), geographer, genealogist, poet, and philologist

G

• Gamal Hemdan (Feary 2, 1928–April 17, 1993), geographer

H

• Haly Abenragel (Abû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl) (?–1037, Kairouan, Tunisia), astrologer, best known for his Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm
• Ibn Hawqal (943, Baghdad,Iraq–969,?), writer, geographer, and chronicler
• Hassan Hanafi (born 1935 in Cairo, Egypt), professor and chair of philosophy at Cairo University
• Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar (786–833), mathematician
• Jabir ibn Hayyan (722–804), chemist
• Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī (893, Yemen–945, Sanaa, Yemen), geographer, historian and astronomer
• Ibn Hubal (1122, Baghdad, Iraq–1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium
• Hayat Sindi (Mecca, SaudiArabia), medical scientist, known for making major contributions to point-of-care medical testing and biotechnology

I

• Ikhwan al-Safa اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا (The Brethren of Purity) (Basra, Iraq), a group of neo-Platonic Arabic philosophers of the 10th century
• Al-Idrisi (1099, Ceuta, Maghreb–1166 CE, Sicily), geographer and cartographer
• Ibn Abi Ishaq (died AD 735), earliest known grammarian of the Arabic language
• Ibn al-Haytham (965–1040), physicist

J

• Jabir ibn Aflah (1100, Seville, Spain–1160, ?), influential astronomer and mathematician
• Al-Jayyani (989, Cordoba, Spain–1079, Jaen, Spain), mathematician and author
• al-Jazari (1136–1206), described 100 mechanical device
• Jābir ibn Hayyān (821–915), polymath who is considered the father of chemistry; emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
• Ibn Al-Jazzar (10th century, Qairwan, Tunis), influential 10th-century physician and author
• Al-Jahiz (776, Basra, Iraq–869, Basra, Iraq), historian, biologist and author
• Al-Jawhari, Abu Alabbas (ca. 800–860), mathematician
• Ibn Jubayr (1145, Valencia, Spain–1217, Egypt), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals

K

• Al-Khalili (1320, Damascus, Syria–1380, Damascus, Syria), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use
• Khalil ibn Ahmad (c. 718, Oman–c. 791), writer and philologist, compiled the first dictionary of the Arabic language, the Kitab al-Ayn
• Ossayed Khawaja (1985, Amman, Jordan–present), software engineer professor at California Institute of technology
• Al-Kindi (c. 801, Kufa, Iraq–873, Bahgdad, Iraq), Arab philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, physician and geographer
• Ibn Khaldun (May 27, 1332, Tunis–March 19, 1406, Cairo, Egypt)

L

• Labīd ibn rabi'a (c. 560–c. 661), Arabian poet

M

• Mostafa El-Sayed
• Al-Masudi ( ?, Baghdad, Iraq–957, Cairo, Egypt), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India, Sri Lanka and China, spent his last years in Syria and Egypt
• Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, (d. 1008 or 1007 CE), Arab Muslim scholar and astronomer in Spain
• Al-Ma'arri (December 26, 973–May 10 or May 21, 1057, Ma'arra (المعرة) in Syria), blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer
• Al-Mawardi, known in Latin as Alboacen, (972, Basra, Iraq–1058, Iraq), judge, diplomat, and author of influential works on governance and ethics
• Ma Yize (ca. 910, ?–1005, China), astronomer and astrologist, worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory of the Song dynasty
• Muhammad Al-Muqaddasi (946 CE, Jerusalem, Palestine–), medieval Arab geographer, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim (The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions)

N

• Ibn al-Nafis (1213, Damascus, Syria–1288, Cairo, Egypt), physician and author, the first to describe pulmonary circulation, compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects
• Nur ad-Din al-Betrugi (Alpetragius) (?, Morocco–1204, Seville, Spain), astronomer and philosopher; the Alpetragius crater on the Moon is named after him

O

Q

• Thābit ibn Qurra (826, Harran, Turkey–902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator

S

• Sameera Moussa (March 3, 1917–August 5, 1952)
• Ibn al-Shatir (1304, Damascus–1375, Syria, Damascus), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model

T

• Ibn Al-Thahabi (?, Suhar, Oman–1033 CE, Valencia, Spain), physician and author of an encyclopedia of medicine
• Ibn Tufail (1105, Granada, Spain–1185, Marrakech, Morocco), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official

U

• Al-Uqlidisi (920, Damascus, Syria–980, Damascus, Syria), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
• Usamah ibn Munqidh (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
• Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270, Damascus, Syria), physician and historian, wrote Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba (Lives of the Physicians)
• Al-Umawi (1400, Spain–1489, Damascus, Syria), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic

W

• Waddah al-Yaman (Yemen,?–Syria,Damscus,709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems

Y

• Omar M. Yaghi (1965, Amman, Jordan–present), chemistry professor at the University of California, Berkeley
• Ibn Yunus (c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer
• Yusuf al-Mutamin mathematician, wrote Kitab al-Istikmal (Book of Perfection) in mathematics

Z

• Al-Zahrawi (936, Cordoba, Spain–1013, Cordoba, Spain), Islam's greatest medieval surgeon, wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the Renaissance, considered the "father of surgery", wrote Al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume collection of medical practice
• Al-Zarqali (1028,Spain–1087,? CE), mathematician, influential astronomer, and instrument maker, contributed to the famous Tables of Toledo
• Ibn Zuhr (1091, Seville, Spain–1161, Seville, Spain), prominent physician of the Medieval Islamic period

Notes

See also

• Islamic science
• List of Muslim scientists
• List of Iranian scientists and scholars
• List of famous Arabs

• Lists of scientists
• Scientists of medieval Islam
• Arab scientists
• Arab culture
• Lists of Arab people