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Revision as of 20:35, 29 September 2017 by Viaros17 (talk | contribs) (added some missing names)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)This is a list of Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear.
Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Muslim naming articles are not used for indexing:
- Al - the
- ibn, bin, banu - son of
- abu - father of, the one with
To maintain consistency and keep the list easy to navigate, please follow the Entries Format for the List of Arab scientists and scholars on the Talk page when adding names.
Contents:
A
- Ahmad al-Qalqashandi (1355 or 1356, Nile Delta, Egypt–1418), writer and mathematician
- 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i (1408–1471), astronomer
- Abd el-Latif el-Baghdadi (1162, Baghdad–Iraq–1231), physician, historian and Egyptologist
- Al Achsasi al Mouakket 17th century Astronomer.
- Ibn 'Adlan (1187–1268 CE), cryptographer and poets.
- Avempace (1085–1138), polymath
- Ahmad ibn Fadlan (10th century, Baghdad, Iraq), writer and traveler; member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars
- Ahmad ibn Mājid (1432, Ras al-Khaimah, Oman – 1500, ?), navigator and poet
- Ahmad ibn Yusuf (835, Baghdad – 912, Egypt), mathematician
- Ali Ben Isa (9th century)
- Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal (1010 AD), surnamed "the oculist", one of Islam's most famous ophthalmologists.
- Ali ibn Ridwan (c. 988, Giza, Egypt–1061, Egypt), astronomer and geometer with Khalid Ben Abdulmelik
- Al-Ashraf Umar II (1242 - 1296 in Yemen) astronomer and ruler of yemen.
- Al-Asma'i (739, Basra, Iraq–831, Basra, Iraq), pioneer of zoology, botany and animal husbandry
- Ahmed Zewail (1946-2016)
- Nayef Al-Rodhan (b. 1959)
- Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam (c. 850 – c. 930), mathematician
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936 CE), Shafi'i scholar and theologian
- Rufaida Al-Aslamia (b. 620), physician
- Ibn al-'Awwam 12th-century agriculturist and Botanist
B
- Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad, Iraq – 1037), arithmetic
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162–1231), physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveler
- Al-Baqillani (?, Basra, Iraq – 1013, Basra, Iraq), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer
- Al-Battani (850, Harran, Turkey – 929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq), astronomer and mathematician
- Al-Baladhuri (d. 892), historian
- Al-Bakri (c. 1014–1094), geographer and historian
- Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547, Baalbek, Lebanon – 1621, Isfahan, Iran)
- Ibn Bassal (1085 C.E.), botanist and agronomist
- Ibn Butlan (1038, 1075) Arab Christian physician
D
- Dawud al-Antaki (1599) physician and pharmacist.
- Ibn Duraid (837, Basra, Iraq–934, Baghdad, Iraq), geographer, genealogist, poet, and philologist
- Ibn al-Durayhim (1312–1359/62 CE), cryptologist
- Al-Dakhwar (1170-1230), physician
- (1256-1327), geographer
- Domiyat (11th century), explorer
G
- Gamal Hamdan (1928–1993), geographer
- Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani (1548–1610) physician.
H
- Haly Abenragel (Abû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl) (? – 1037, Kairouan, Tunisia), astrologer, best known for his Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm
- Harbi al-Himyari 8th century Alchemist.
- Ibn Hawqal (943, Baghdad, Iraq – 969, ?), writer, geographer, and chronicler
- Hassan Hanafi (b. 1935, Cairo, Egypt), professor and chair of philosophy at Cairo University
- Hasan al-Rammah (died 1295), chemist and engineer
- Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar (786–833), mathematician
- Abu Bakr al-Hassar 12th century mathematician
- Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani (893, Yemen – 945, Sanaa, Yemen), geographer, historian and astronomer
- Ibn Hubal (1122, Baghdad, Iraq – 1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium
- Hayat Sindi (b. 1991, Mecca, Saudi Arabia), medical scientist, known for making major contributions to point-of-care medical testing and biotechnology
- Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam (d. 1174 CE), physician, musician and astrologer
- Al-Harith ibn Kalada (d. 13 AH/634–35), physician
- Nafi ibn al-Harith (d. 13 AH/634–35), physician
- Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi (12th century), traveler, merchant and sailor
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq (809 – 873) arab Christian scholar, physician, and a scientist
I
- Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī (d. 777 CE), mathematician and astronomer
- Ikhwan al-Safa اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا (The Brethren of Purity) (Basra, Iraq), a group of neo-Platonic Arabic philosophers of the 10th century
- Al-Idrisi (1099, Ceuta, Maghreb – 1166 CE, Sicily), geographer and cartographer
- Ibn Abi Ishaq (d. AD 735), earliest known grammarian of the Arabic language
- Ibn al-Haytham (965–1040), physicist
- Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili (fl. c. 1213), astronomer and mathematician
- Ibn Arabi (1165–1240), Islamic scholar and philosopher
- Muhammad al-Idrisi (1100 – 1165), geographer, cartographer and Egyptologist
- Ishaq ibn Hunayn (c. 830 – c. 910-1), physician and translator
J
- Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī (989, Cordoba, Spain – 1079, Jaen, Spain), mathematician and author
- Jabir ibn Aflah (1100–1150), Muslim astronomer and mathematician
- Jabir ibn Hayyan (821–915), polymath who is considered the father of chemistry; emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
- Ibn al-Jazzar (10th century, Qairwan, Tunis), influential 10th-century physician and author
- Al-Jahiz (776, Basra, Iraq – 869, Basra, Iraq), historian, biologist and author
- Ibn Jubayr (1145, Valencia, Spain – 1217, Egypt), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals
- Al-Jubba'i (d. c. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher
- Ibn Jumay‘ (d. 1198), physician
- Ibn Juljul (c. 944 – c. 994) physician and pharmacologist.
- Ibn Jazla (11th century), physician
K
- Ibn al-Kammad (died 1195), astronomer.
- Ibn al-Kattani (951–1029), scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet.
- Al-Khalili (1320, Damascus, Syria – 1380, Damascus, Syria), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use
- Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (c. 718, Oman – c. 791), writer and philologist, compiled the first dictionary of the Arabic language, the Kitab al-Ayn
- Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374) polymath, poet, writer, historian, philosopher, physician
- Abu 'Ali al-Khayyat (c.770 - c.835), astrologer and a student of Mashallah.
- Al-Kindi (c. 801, Kufa, Iraq – 873, Bahgdad, Iraq), Arab philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, physician and geographer
- Ibn Khaldun (1332, Tunis – 1406, Cairo, Egypt)
- Khalid bin Yazid (d. 704) an Umayyad prince and alchemist
- Abu 'Ali al-Khayyat (c.770 – c.835), astrologer
- Al-Kaŝkarī (fl. 930 CE), physician
M
- Mostafa El-Sayed (b. 1933)
- Ibn Hamza al-Maghribi,16th-century mathematician.
- Mansur al-Kamili (c.1236) was a medieval Muslim metallurgist, chemist and sociologist
- Mariam al-Asturlabi, 10th-century female astronomer and maker of astrolabes
- Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi (1256 – c. 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer.
- Ibn al-Majdi (359–1447 CE) mathematician and astronomer.
- Al-Masudi ( 896–956), historian, geographer and philosopher, traveled to Spain, Russia, India, Sri Lanka and China, spent his last years in Syria and Egypt
- Maslama al-Majriti (d. 1008 or 1007 CE), Arab Muslim scholar and astronomer in Spain
- Al-Maʿarri (973 – 1057, Ma'arra (المعرة) in Syria), blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer
- Al-Mawardi, known in Latin as Alboacen (972, Basra, Iraq–1058, Iraq), judge, diplomat, and author of influential works on governance and ethics
- Ma Yize (ca. 910, ? – 1005, China), astronomer and astrologist, worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory of the Song dynasty
- Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-ʿUrḍī (d. 1266) astronomer.
- Muhammad Al-Muqaddasi (946 CE, Jerusalem, Palestine–), medieval Arab geographer, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim (The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions)
- Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis (1008–1062), Alchemist
- Muhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī (c.1220 – c.1283 ), Muslim astronomer and mathematician who worked in Damascus
- Sibt al-Maridini (1423 – 1506), astronomer and mathematician
- Mohammed ibn Abdun al-Jabali, (died after 976), physician and mathematician
- Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Gazi (1437 – 1513), mathematician
- Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī (died 796 or 806) Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.
- Muhammad ibn Aslam Al-Ghafiqi, (d. 1165 CE)12th-century oculist
- Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud (11th century), mathematician
- Al-Muradi (11th century) Mechanical engineer and inventor
- Sulaiman Al Mahri (1480–1550), geographer
N
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213, Damascus, Syria – 1288, Cairo, Egypt), physician and author, the first to describe pulmonary circulation, compiled a medical encyclopedia and wrote numerous works on other subjects
- Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji (Alpetragius) (?, Morocco – 1204, Seville, Spain), astronomer and philosopher; the Alpetragius crater on the Moon is named after him
O
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Q
- Al-Qabisi (died 967), astrologer and mathematician.
- Abū al-Ḥasan al-Qalaṣādī (1412–1486) mathematician from Al-Andalus specializing in Islamic inheritance jurisprudence.
- Thābit ibn Qurra (826, Harran, Turkey – 902), mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator
- Ibn al-Quff (1233–1286), physician
- Zakariya al-Qazwini (1203–1283), physician, astronomer, geographer
R
- Ibn Rassam alchemist and tile maker.
- Al-Ruhawi (9th century), physician
S
- Ibn al-Saffar (died in 1035), astronomer
- Said al-Andalusi (1029–1070), astronomer, historian and philosopher.
- Al-Ṣaidanānī 10th century astronomer
- Sameera Moussa (1917 – 1952)
- Abu al-Salt (c. 1068 -1134) astronomer, physician and alchemist
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304, Damascus – 1375, Syria, Damascus), astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor, worked at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, developed an original astronomical model
- Ibn Abi al-Shukr (died 1283 CE) astronomer, astrologer and mathematician
- Rashidun al-Suri (1177–1241), physician and botanist
T
- Ibn Al-Thahabi (?, Suhar, Oman – 1033 CE, Valencia, Spain), physician and author of an encyclopedia of medicine
- Ibn Tufail (1105, Granada, Spain – 1185, Marrakech, Morocco), Andalusian writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official
- Muhammad Tamimi, 10th-century physician from Palestine
- Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi 10th-century alchemist and mystic
- Ibn Abi Ramtha al-Tamimi (7th century), physician
- Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526–1585) physician, mathematician, clockmaker and astronomer
- Al-Tighnari (1073–1118) Agronomist, Botanist and Biologist,
U
- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi (920, Damascus, Syria – 980, Damascus, Syria), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
- Usama ibn Munqidh (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
- Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270, Damascus, Syria), physician and historian, wrote Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba (Lives of the Physicians)
- Yaʿīsh ibn Ibrāhīm al-Umawī (1400, Spain – 1489, Damascus, Syria), mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic
- Ibn Uthal (7th century), physician
W
- Waddah al-Yaman (Yemen, ? – Syria, Damscus, 709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems
- Ibn al-Wafid ( 997– 1074), pharmacologist and physician
- Ibn al-Wardi (1292-1342), historian
Y
- Omar M. Yaghi (b, 1965, Amman, Jordan), chemistry professor at the University of California, Berkeley
- Ibn Yunus (c. 950–1009), mathematician and astronomer
- Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229), biographer and geographer
- Ya'qubi (d. 897-898), geographer
Z
- Al-Zahrawi (936, Cordoba, Spain – 1013, Cordoba, Spain), Islam's greatest medieval surgeon, wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the Renaissance, considered the "father of surgery", wrote Al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume collection of medical practice
- Al-Zarqali (1028, Spain – 1087, ? CE), mathematician, influential astronomer, and instrument maker, contributed to the famous Tables of Toledo
- Ibn Zuhr (1091, Seville, Spain – 1161, Seville, Spain), prominent physician of the Medieval Islamic period
- Al-Zuhri (d. 897/8), geographer
Notes
See also
- Islamic science
- List of Muslim scientists
- List of Iranian scientists and scholars
- List of famous Arabs
- List of Turkic scholars