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The following is a list of compression formats and related codecs.

Audio compression formats

Main article: Audio coding format

Non-compression

Lossless compression

Main article: Lossless data compression

Bluetooth lossless

aptX lossless- Made in early 2022 (not truly lossless 1.2mbps)

Lossy compression

Main article: Lossy data compression § Audio

General/Speech hybrid

Neural audio codecs

General

AES3
  • SMPTE 302M
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Dolby E
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
Bluetooth
Digital radio

Voice

Main article: Speech coding

(low bit rate, optimized for speech)

Microsoft DirectPlay

Those codecs are used by many PC games which use voice chats via Microsoft DirectPlay API.

  • Voxware MetaVoice
    • Windows Media Player (voxmvdec.ax)
  • Truespeech
    • Windows Media Player (tssoft32.acm)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MS GSM
    • Windows Media Player (msgsm32.acm)
    • libgsm
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MS-ADPCM
    • Windows Media Player (msadp32.acm)
    • FFmpeg
Digital Voice Recorder
  • International Voice Association (IVA) standards:
    • Digital Speech Standard / Standard Play (DSS-SP)
      • FFmpeg (decoding only)
    • Digital Speech Standard / Quality Play (DSS-QP)
  • Sony LPEC
  • Truespeech Triple Rate CODER (TRC) – used in some pocket recorders
  • Micronas [de] Intermetall MI-SC4 - used by voice recorders such as RadioShack Digital Recorder and I-O DATA [ja] HyperHyde
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
Mobile phone
Generation 2
Generation 3/4
  • 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
    • Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
      • AMR-NB
        • 3GPP TS 26.073 – AMR speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation
        • opencore-amr (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrnb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)
        • FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)
      • AMR-WB
        • 3GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation
        • opencore-amr (decoder), from OpenCORE (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrwb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)
        • vo-amrwbenc (encoder), from VisualOn, included in Android (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libvo-amrwbenc to incorporate the VisualOn lib)
        • FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options).
      • AMR-WB+
        • 3GPP TS 26.273 – AMR-WB+ speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation
      • Enhanced Voice Services (EVS)
        • 3GPP TS.26.443 – Codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) – ANSI C code (floating-point)
  • 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
Professional mobile radio
  • APCO
    • Project 25 Phase 2 Enhanced Full-Rate (AMBE+2 4400bit/s with 2800bit/s FEC)
    • Project 25 Phase 2 Half-Rate (AMBE+2 2450bit/s with 1150bit/s FEC) – also used in NXDN and DMR
      • mbelib (decoder only)
    • Project 25 Phase 1 Full Rate (IMBE 7200bit/s)
      • mbelib (decoder only)
  • European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
    • ETS 300 395-2 (TETRA ACELP 4.6kbit/s)
  • TETRAPOL
    • RPCELP 6kbit/s
  • D-STAR Digital Voice (AMBE 2400bit/s with 1200bit/s FEC)
    • mbelib (decoder only)
  • Professional Digital Trunking System Industry Association (PDT Alliance) standards:
    • NVOC – used in China
  • Spirit DSP RALCWI
  • DSPINI
    • SPR Robust
    • TWELP Robust
  • Codec2
    • libcodec2
  • RL-CELP (used in Japanese railways)
Military

Video games

  • Bink Audio, Smacker Audio
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Actimagine (Nintendo European Research & Development) FastAudio
    • MobiclipDecoder (decoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Nintendo GCADPCM (a.k.a. DSP ADPCM or THP ADPCM) - used in GameCube, Wii and Nintendo 3DS.
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • VGAudio
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Sony VAG (a.k.a. Sony PSX ADPCM)
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Sony HEVAG - used in PS Vita.
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
  • Sony ATRAC9 - used in PS4 and PS Vita.
    • VGAudio (decoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Microsoft XMA - WMA variants for Xbox 360 hardware decoding.
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Xbox ADPCM
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
  • CRI ADX ADPCM
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • VGAudio
    • FFmpeg
  • CRI HCA/HCA-MX - used in CRI ADX2 middleware.
    • vgmstream (decoder only)
    • VGAudio
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
    • libcgss
    • HCADecoder (decoder only)
  • FMOD FADPCM
    • vgmstream (decoder only)

Text compression formats

Video compression formats

Main article: Video coding format

Non-compression

  • RGB 4:4:4 (only linear, transfer-converted and bit-reduced also sort of compression up to about 3:1 for HDR)
  • YUV 4:4:4/4:2:2/4:1:1/4:2:0 (all lower 4:4:4 is spatially compressed up to 2:1 for 4:2:0 with specific colour distortions).
    • Intel IYUV
  • 10-bit uncompressed video
  • Composite digital signal - used by SMPTE D-2 and D-3 broadcast digital videocassettes
  • Avid DNxUncompressed
  • V210

Analog signals

Lossless video compression

  • ITU-T/ISO/IEC standards:
    • H.264 lossless
      • x264 (encoder only)
      • FFmpeg (decoder only, uses x264 for encoding)
    • H.265 lossless
      • x265 (encoder only)
      • UHDcode (decoder only, uses x265 to read HEVC encoded files)
      • FFmpeg (decoder only, uses x265 for encoding)
    • Motion JPEG 2000 lossless
      • libopenjpeg
    • JPEG XS lossless
      • FastTICO-XS
  • IETF standards:
    • FFV1 (RFC 9043)  – FFV1's compression factor is comparable to Motion JPEG 2000, but based on quicker algorithms (allows real-time capture). Written by Michael Niedermayer and published as part of FFmpeg under GNU LGPL.
      • FFmpeg
  • SMPTE standards:
    • VC-2 HQ lossless (a.k.a. Dirac Pro lossless)
      • libdirac
      • libschroedinger
  • Alparysoft Lossless Video Codec (Alpary)
  • Apple Animation (QuickTime RLE)
    • QuickTime
    • FFmpeg
  • ArithYuv
  • AV1
  • AVIzlib
    • LCL (VfW codec) MSZH and ZLIB
    • FFmpeg
  • Autodesk Animator Codec (AASC)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • CAI Format
  • CamStudio GZIP/LZO
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Chennai Codec (EVX-1)
    • Cairo Experimental Video Codec (open source)
  • Dxtory
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • FastCodec
  • Flash Screen Video v1/v2
    • FFmpeg
  • FM Screen Capture Codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Fraps codec (FPS1)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Grass Valley Lossless
    • Grass Valley Codec Option
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Huffyuv Huffyuv (or HuffYUV) was written by Ben Rudiak-Gould and published under the terms of the GNU GPL as free software, meant to replace uncompressed YCbCr as a video capture format. It uses very little CPU but takes a lot of disk space. See also ffvhuff which is an "FFmpeg only" version of it.
    • FFmpeg
  • IgCodec
  • Intel RLE
  • innoHeim/Rsupport Screen Capture Codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Lagarith A more up-to-date fork of Huffyuv is available as Lagarith
    • Lagarith Codec (VfW codec)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • LOCO - based on JPEG-LS
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MagicYUV
    • MagicYUV SDK
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Microsoft RLE (MSRLE)
    • FFmpeg
  • MSU Lossless Video Codec
  • MSU Screen Capture Lossless
  • CorePNG [de] - based on PNG
    • FFmpeg
  • ScreenPresso (SPV1)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • ScreenPressor - a successor of MSU Screen Capture Lossless
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • SheerVideo
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Snow lossless
    • FFmpeg
  • TechSmith Screen Capture Codec (TSCC)
    • EnSharpen Video Codec for QuickTime
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Toponoky
  • Ut Video Codec Suite
    • libutvideo
    • FFmpeg
  • VBLE
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • VMnc VMware screen codec - used by VMware Workstation
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • VP9 by Google
    • libvpx
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • YULS
  • ZeroCodec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • ZMBV (Zip Motion Block Video) Codec - used by DOSBox
    • FFmpeg

Lossless game codecs

  • DXA
    • ScummVM Tools (encoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)

Lossy compression

General

Scalable

VP8, VP9, AV1, and H.266/VVC support scalable modes by default.

Intra-frame-only

  • Motion JPEG
    • FFmpeg
    • Morgan Multimedia M-JPEG
    • Pegasus PICVideo M-JPEG
    • MainConcept M-JPEG
  • ISO/IEC standard
    • Motion JPEG 2000 (ISO/IEC 15444-3, ITU-T T.802)
      • libopenjpeg
      • FFmpeg
      • Morgan Multimedia M-JPEG2000
      • Morgan Multimedia dcpPlayer (decoder only)
    • JPEG XS (ISO/IEC 21122) Lightweight Low latency video codec
      • intoPIX fastTICO-XS
    • DV (IEC 61834)
      • FFmpeg
    • MPEG-4 SStP (ISO/IEC 14496-2)
      • FFmpeg
    • Motion JPEG XR (ISO/IEC 29199-3, ITU-T T.833)
    • Animated JPEG XL (ISO/IEC 18181)
      • libjxl
  • Apple ProRes 422/4444
    • FFmpeg
  • Apple Intermediate Codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Apple Pixlet
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • AVC-Intra
    • x264 (encoder only)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • AVC-Ultra – a subset of MPEG-4 AVC Hi444PP profile
  • XAVC-I
  • CineForm HD
    • CineForm-SDK  – developed by GoPro (open source)
    • FFmpeg
  • SMPTE standard
    • VC-2 SMPTE standard (a.k.a. Dirac Pro. SMPTE ST 2042)
      • Schrödinger
      • dirac-research
      • VC-2 Reference Encoder and Decoder  – developed by BBC (open source)
      • FFmpeg (the encoder only supports VC-2 HQ profile)
    • VC-3 SMPTE standard (SMPTE ST 2019)
    • VC-5 SMPTE standard (SMPTE ST 2073; a superset of CineForm HD)
  • Grass Valley HQ/HQA/HQX
    • Grass Valley Codec Option
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • NewTek NT25
  • NewTek SpeedHQ - used in Network Device Interface (NDI) protocol
    • NewTek Codec
    • FFmpeg

Stereoscopic 3D

Security and surveillance cameras

  • Guobiao standards (GB/T)
    • AVS-S-P2 (suspended)
    • SVAC (GB/T 25724-2010)
  • Infinity CCTV Codec (IMM4/IMM5/IMM6)
    • FFmpeg (IMM4 and IMM5 decoder only)

CD-ROM or CD-related video codecs

  • CDXL codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Cinepak (a.k.a. Apple Compact Video)
    • FFmpeg
  • Photo CD codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • MotionPixels - used in MovieCD
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • CD+G (CD+Graphics) codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
    • VLC (decoder only)
  • CD+EG (CD+Extended Graphics) codec

Network video codecs

Bayer video codecs

  • CinemaDNG (created by Adobe; used in Blackmagic cameras)
  • Redcode RAW (used in RED cameras) – a modified version of JPEG 2000
    • libredcode
  • ArriRaw (used in Arri cameras)
  • Cineform RAW (used in Silicon Imaging cameras)
    • CineForm-SDK
  • Blackmagic RAW (used in Blackmagic cameras)
    • Blackmagic RAW SDK
  • Cintel RAW (used in Cintel Scanner)
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • Apple ProRes RAW
  • intoPIX TICO RAW
    • intoPIX fastTICO-RAW SDK & TICO-RAW FPGA/ASIC libraries
  • Canon CRX - used in Canon Cinema Raw Light movie
    • Canon RAW Plugin for Avid Media Access
    • LibRaw (decoder only; open source)

Video games

  • Bink Video, Smacker video
    • FFmpeg
    • libavcodec
  • Nintendo Mobiclip video codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • CRI Sofdec codec - a MPEG variant with 11-bit DC and color space correction; used in Sofdec middleware
  • CRI P256 - used in Sofdec middleware for Nintendo DS
  • Indeo Video Interactive (aka Indeo 4/5) - used in PC games for Microsoft Windows
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
    • Intel Indeo Video

Real-time

  • RivaTuner video codec (RTV1/RTV2)
    • FFmpeg (RTV1 decoder only)
  • Hap/Hap Alpha/Hap Q
    • VIDVOX hap codec
    • FFmpeg
  • DXV Codec
    • Resolume DXV Codec
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • NotchLC
    • FFmpeg (decoder only)
  • VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC)
  • VESA Display Compression-M (VDC-M)

See also

References

  1. FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Version 1.1.2 Library of Congress
  2. "About lossless audio in Apple Music". 25 October 2021.
  3. "BFDLAC: A Fast lossless Audio Compression Algorithm For Drum Sounds" (PDF).
  4. "Lossless Audio Homepage". www.lossless-audio.com.
  5. Shorten Lossless Audio Compression Format (SHN), Version 3.5.1 Library of Congress
  6. "RK Audio - Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase". wiki.hydrogenaud.io.
  7. IPMR Speech Codec - draft-spiritdsp-ipmr-01.txt IETF
  8. TeamSpirit Voice&Video Engine PC. Spirit DSP
  9. ^ 3GPP (2008-12-11) 3GPP TS 26.173 - AMR-WB speech Codec; version 8.0.0 Release 8, retrieved 2009-09-09
  10. Release of sbc-1.1, BlueZ Project, April 30, 2013
  11. PulseAudio 15 Released With Bluetooth Improvements, Better Hardware Support. Phoronix. July 28, 2021
  12. PipeWire: Bluetooth support status update. Collabora. April 29, 2022
  13. ^ Integration of the aptX and aptX-HD codecs for A2DP source, Android Open Source Project, January 4, 2017
  14. The contribution of LDAC encoder, Android Open Source Project, January 10, 2017
  15. "What is LHDC". hwa-audio. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  16. "What is LLAC™?". LHDC org.
  17. Speex Audio Codec, Version 1.2 Library of Congress
  18. ^ Finding voice codecs for free software. Linux.com. October 14, 2005
  19. SILK Speech Codec - draft-vos-silk-02 IETF
  20. Constrained-Energy Lapped Transform (CELT) Codec - draft-valin-celt-codec-02 IETF
  21. DSP Group Unveils Total Telephony Solutions(TM) For Digital Cordless Telephony Applications PRNewswire
  22. RadioShack Digital Recorder OWNER'S MANUAL p.38. RadioShack. 2002.
  23. HyperHyde Operation Manual. p.40. I-O DATA. 2000.
  24. 3GPP (2008-12-11) 3GPP TS 26.073 - AMR speech Codec; version 8.0.0 Release 8, retrieved 2009-09-08.
  25. 3GPP (2008-12-18) 3GPP TS 26.273 - AMR-WB+ speech Codec; version 8.0.0 Release 8, retrieved 2009-09-09
  26. 3GPP TS 26.443. Codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS); ANSI C code (floating-point).
  27. INFORMATION COLLECTION SURVEY FOR THE MEGA MANILA SUBWAY PROJECT IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Japan International Cooperation Agency September, 2015
  28. 東北上越新幹線デジタル列車 無線システムの開発 (in Japanese) East Japan Railway Company 2003
  29. Obranovich, Charles R.; Golusky, John M.; Preuss, Robert D.; Fabbri, Darren R.; Cruthirds, Daniel R.; Aylward, Erin M.; Freebersyser, James A.; Kolek, Stephen R. (2010). "300 BPS noise robust vocoder". 2010 - Milcom 2010 Military Communications Conference. pp. 298–303. doi:10.1109/MILCOM.2010.5680311. ISBN 978-1-4244-8178-1. S2CID 8991597.
  30. Actimagine allège le multimédia sur les terminaux portables (in French), IT Industrie & Technologies, June 25, 2004
  31. ^ AudioCompressionFormat, Unity Technologies
  32. Audio Clip, Unity Technologies
  33. Differences Between Windows and Xbox 360, Microsoft
  34. 【ひらブラ vol.37】音数を諦めず／音質を妥協せず／負荷を極小にする方法（iOS&Android） (in Japanese), Kadokawa Dwango, September 26, 2014
  35. FMOD Studio 1.06 and FMOD at GDC expo program announced, Gamasutra, February 17, 2015
  36. "Lossless". x265.readthedocs.io.
  37. "HEVC Decoding". x265.
  38. "FFmpeg Now Supports HEVC/H.265 Decoding". phoronix.
  39. "Encode/H.265". FFmpeg.
  40. Niedermayer, Michael; Rice, Dave; Martinez, Jérôme (August 2021). "rfc9043 - FFV1 Video Coding Format Version 0, 1, and 3". datatracker.ietf.org.
  41. "Lossless Codec Libraries". multimedia.cx.
  42. "FFmpeg: libavcodec/flashsv.c File Reference". ffmpeg.org.
  43. "FRAPS show fps, record video game movies, screen capture software". www.fraps.com.
  44. "Lagarith Lossless Video Codec". lags.leetcode.net.
  45. "LOCO - MultimediaWiki". wiki.multimedia.cx.
  46. "MagicYUV – Lossless video codec".
  47. "ScreenPressor by Infognition - lossless video codec for screen capture". infognition.com.
  48. "Downloads". TechSmith.
  49. "#534 (Ut Video Support) – FFmpeg". ffmpeg.org.
  50. "Ut Video Codec Suite - a new lossless video codec for Windows! [Archive] - Doom9's Forum". doom9.org.
  51. "VBLE - MultimediaWiki". wiki.multimedia.cx.
  52. "VMware Video". multimedia.cx.
  53. "The WebM Project - VP8 Encode Parameter Guide". webmproject.org.
  54. Medoff, Norman; Fink, Edward J. (September 10, 2012). Portable Video: ENG & EFP. CRC Press. p. 221. ISBN 9781136047701.
  55. Samuelsson, J. and P. Hermansson (July 2, 2018). "The xvc video codec". datatracker.ietf.org.
  56. Fuldseth, Arild; Bjontegaard, Gisle; Midtskogen, Steinar; Davies, Thomas; Zanaty, Mo (October 31, 2016). "Thor Video Codec". tools.ietf.org.
  57. "Live demonstration". Forbidden.
  58. Indeo Video Codec, Version 3 Library of Congress
  59. Indeo Video Codec, Version 5 Library of Congress
  60. Sorenson Video Codec, Version 3 Library of Congress
  61. ^ Scalable Video Coding (SVC) Extension for WebRTC - 4. Operational model, World Wide Web Consortium, September 26, 2020
  62. "M-JPEG Codec". Montpellier, France: Morgan Multimedia. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  63. "M-JPEG2000 Codec". Montpellier, France: Morgan Multimedia. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  64. "dcpPlayer". Montpellier, France: Morgan Multimedia. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  65. "FastTICO-XS Codec". Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium: intoPIX.
  66. FFmpeg-cvslog - mpeg4video: Add support for MPEG-4 Simple Studio Profile., FFmpeg Project, April 2, 2018
  67. FFmpeg Adds Support For Animated JPEG-XL, Phoronix, June 8, 2023
  68. NewTek Codec Notes NewTek
  69. Achievement, Audio Video Coding Standard Workgroup of China
  70. FFmpeg-cvslog - avcodec: add IMM4 decoder, FFmpeg Project, August 21, 2018
  71. FFmpeg-cvslog - avcodec: add IMM5 decoder, FFmpeg Project, August 29, 2019
  72. Cinepak Library of Congress
  73. SunVideo Plus for PCI User's Guide - Audio Video Conferencing. Oracle
  74. vic: Change History. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  75. libredcode
  76. Cintel Scanner p.35. Blackmagic Design. May, 2020.
  77. intoPIX Tico Raw is a format with a huge potential
  78. intoPIX Tico Raw
  79. 独自コーデックを搭載したニンテンドーDS版Sofdec (in Japanese) CRI Middleware, May 11, 2006
  80. CRI・ミドルウェア、ゲーム開発者向けブログ「CRIチャンネル」を開設 (in Japanese) Impress Watch Corporation, April 19, 2007


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