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Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (April 16, 1971 – March 31, 1995), known simply as Selena, was a Mexican American singer-songwriter. She was named the "top Latin artist of the '90s" and "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" by Billboard, for her fourteen top-ten singles in the Top Latin Songs chart, including seven number-one hits. The singer also had the most successful singles of 1994 and 1995, "Amor Prohibido" and "No Me Queda Más". She was called "The Queen of Tejano music" and the Mexican equivalent of Madonna. Selena released her first album, Selena y Los Dinos, at the age of twelve. She won Female Vocalist of the Year at the 1987 Tejano Music Awards and landed a recording contract with EMI a few years later. Her fame grew throughout the early 1990s, especially in Spanish-speaking countries.

Selena was murdered at the age of 23 by Yolanda Saldívar, the president of her fan club. On April 12, 1995, two weeks after her death, George W. Bush, governor of Texas at the time, declared her birthday "Selena Day" in Texas. Warner Bros. produced Selena, a film based on her life starring Jennifer Lopez, in 1997. Selena's life was also the basis of the musical Selena Forever starring Veronica Vazquez as Selena. In June 2006, Selena was commemorated with a museum and a bronze life-sized statue (Mirador de la Flor in Corpus Christi, Texas), which are visited by hundreds of fans each week. She has sold over 21 million albums worldwide.

Early life

Selena was born in Freeport Community Hospital in Lake Jackson, Texas, as the youngest child of a Mexican father, Abraham Quintanilla Jr. and a half-Cherokee Indian mother, Marcella Ofelia Samora, and was raised as a Jehovah's Witness. When Selena was born her parents didn't have a name for a girl and being told that they were having a boy the Quintanillas were going for the name "Marc Antony". At the time of birth another mother who helped deliver Selena, told the Quintanillas of the name "Selena". Selena began singing at the age of three; when she was nine her father founded the singing group Selena y Los Dinos, which she fronted. They initially performed at the Quintanilla family's restaurant, Papa Gayo's (Template:Lang-en), but the restaurant failed shortly afterwards.

The family soon went bankrupt and was evicted from their home. Taking their musical equipment in an old bus, they relocated to Corpus Christi, Texas. There, they performed wherever they could: at street corners, weddings, quinceañeras, and fairs. Their efforts at spreading their names and talents paid off in 1985 when the fourteen-year-old Selena recorded her first album for a local record company. The album was not sold in stores and her father bought all of the original copies. It was re-released in 1995 under the title Mis Primeras Grabaciones.

Selena did well in school, but as she grew more popular as a musical performer, the travel demands of her performance schedule began to interfere with her education. Her father pulled her out of school altogether when she was in eighth grade. She continued her education on the road; at age seventeen she earned a high school diploma from The American School of Correspondence in Chicago, Illinois. Selena released her third album, Alpha, in 1986.

Success

At the 1987 Tejano Music Awards, Selena won Best Female Vocalist (and dominated the award for the next seven years). In 1988, she released two albums, Preciosa and Dulce Amor. In 1989, José Behar, the former head of Sony Music Latin, signed Selena with Capitol/EMI. He later said that he signed Selena because he thought he had discovered the next Gloria Estefan. Selena signed a contract with Coca-Cola to become one of its advertising spokesmen in Texas that same year. In 1988, Selena met Chris Pérez, who had his own band. Two years later, the Quintanilla family hired him to play in Selena's band and they quickly fell in love. At first her father did not approve of their relationship and went as far as firing Pérez from the band. He eventually came to accept the relationship. On April 2, 1992, Selena and Pérez were married in Nueces County, Texas.

In 1990, Selena released another album, Ven Conmigo, written by her brother and main songwriter Abraham Quintanilla III. This recording was the first Tejano album recorded by a female artist to achieve gold status. Around the same time, a registered nurse and fan named Yolanda Saldívar approached Selena's father with the idea of starting a fan club. Her wish was granted and she became the club's president; later she became the manager of Selena's clothing boutiques. Selena released another album in 1992, Entre a Mi Mundo. Songs from that album, such as "Como La Flor", helped make Selena a star. Her next album Selena Live! won Best Mexican-American Album at the 36th Grammy Awards.

Selena released her next album, Amor Prohibido, in 1994. The album was nominated for another Grammy award for Mexican-American Album of the Year. She began designing and manufacturing a clothing line in 1994 and opened two boutiques called Selena Etc., one in Corpus Christi and the other in San Antonio. Both were equipped with in-house beauty salons. Hispanic Business magazine reported that the singer earned over five million dollars from these boutiques. Selena also made appearances alongside Erik Estrada in a Latin soap opera titled Dos Mujeres, Un Camino.

Selena and her band continued to receive accolades; Billboard's Premio Lo Nuestro awarded them six prestigious awards including Best Latin Artist and Song of the Year for "Como La Flor". Coca-Cola released a commemorative bottle in her honor to celebrate their five-year relationship. Meanwhile, her duet with the Barrio Boyzz, "Donde Quiera Que Estés", reached number one in the Billboard Latin Charts. This prompted Selena to tour in New York City, Argentina, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Central America. She also did a duet with Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres, "Buenos Amigos".

By fall of 1994, Amor Prohibido was a commercial success in Mexico and made four number one Latin hits, replacing Gloria Estefan's Mi Tierra on the chart's number one spot. It sold over 400,000 copies by late 1994 in the U.S. and another 50,000 copies in Mexico, reaching gold status. At this point, Selena developed plans to record an English-language album, but continued to tour for Amor Prohibido while beginning preparations for the album. Plans of the album began in 1993, but recording of the album didn't start until March 1995.

In 1995, Selena made a cameo appearance in the romantic comedy Don Juan DeMarco, which starred Marlon Brando, Johnny Depp and Faye Dunaway; she appeared as a background mariachi singer during the first scene. In February 1995, Selena played a concert at the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo in the Houston Astrodome, which attracted over 65,000 fans—more than country stars such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire. In March she was the headliner at Miami's Calle Ocho Festival, which attracted over 100,000 fans. She was also negotiating to become one of the stars of a new telenovela produced by Emilio Larrosa. Despite her busy schedule, Selena visited local schools to talk to students about the importance of education. She also donated her time to civic organizations such as D.A.R.E. and planned a fund raising concert to help AIDS patients. These demonstrations of community involvement won her loyalty from her fan base. Selena scheduled her English album for release in the summer of 1995.

Death

In early 1995, the Quintanillas discovered that Saldívar was embezzling money from the fan club, and decided to fire her. Three weeks after the fallout, Selena agreed to meet Saldívar in a Days Inn hotel in Corpus Christi on the morning of March 31, 1995, to retrieve paperwork for tax purposes. At the hotel, Selena demanded the missing financial papers. Saldívar delayed the handover by claiming she had been raped in Mexico. The singer drove Saldívar to a local hospital where doctors found no evidence of rape. Saldívar returned to the motel where Selena again demanded the missing financial papers.

Selena told Saldívar that she could not be trusted anymore. At 11:49 am, Saldívar drew a gun from her purse, pointing it at Selena. As the singer turned and left the room, Saldívar shot her once in her right shoulder, severing an artery. Critically wounded, Selena ran towards the lobby to get help. She collapsed on the floor as the clerk called 911, with Saldívar chasing her, calling her a "bitch". Before collapsing to the floor, Selena named Saldívar as her assailant and gave the room number where she had been shot. After an ambulance and the police arrived on the scene, Selena was transported to a local hospital. She died there from loss of blood at 1:05 p.m., two weeks before her 24th birthday. Saldivar then went inside her red pickup truck, where she held police at bay while holding a gun to her left temple. She surrendered peacefully to the police after 10 hours. By that time hundreds of fans gathered at the scene, many of them weeping as police took Saldivar away.

Impact

Selena's death had widespread impacts. Major networks interrupted their regular programming to break the news; Tom Brokaw referred to Selena as "The Mexican Madonna". It was front page news on The New York Times for two days after her death. Numerous vigils and memorials were held in her honor, and radio stations in Texas played her music non-stop. Her funeral drew approximately 60,000 mourners, many of whom traveled from outside the United States. Among the celebrities who were reported to have immediately phoned the Quintanilla family to express their condolences were Gloria Estefan, Celia Cruz, Julio Iglesias and Madonna. People magazine published a commemorative issue in honor of Selena's memory and musical career, titled Selena 1971–1995, Her Life in Pictures. A few days afterwards, Howard Stern mocked Selena's murder and burial, poked fun at her mourners, and criticized her music. Stern said, "This music does absolutely nothing for me. Alvin and the Chipmunks have more soul... Spanish people have the worst taste in music. They have no depth." Stern's comments outraged and infuriated the Hispanic community across Texas. After a disorderly conduct arrest warrant was issued in his name, Stern later made an on-air apology, in Spanish, for his comments. Two weeks after her death, on April 12, George W. Bush, then Governor of Texas, declared Selena's birthday April 16 as "Selena Day" in Texas.

That summer, Selena's album Dreaming of You, a combination of Spanish-language songs and new English-language tracks, debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, making her the first Hispanic singer to accomplish this feat and the second highest debut after Michael Jackson's HIStory. On its release date, the album sold over 175,000 copies, a record for a female pop singer, and it sold two million copies in its first year. Dreaming of You sold more than 330,000 copies in its first week. The album also was #75 in the List of BMG Music Club's top selling albums in the United States. Songs such as "I Could Fall in Love" and "Dreaming of You" were played widely by mainstream English-language radio, with the latter reaching #21 on the Billboard Hot 100. Meanwhile, "I Could Fall in Love", while ineligible for the Hot 100 at the time, reached #8 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart and the top 10 on the Adult Contemporary Chart. "Dreaming of You" was certified 3x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In October 1995, a Houston jury convicted Saldívar of first degree murder and sentenced her to life in prison, with the possibility of parole in thirty years. The gun used to kill Selena was later destroyed and the pieces thrown into Corpus Christi Bay.

Legacy

Jennifer Lopez played Selena in a film about her life. Directed by Gregory Nava, the biopic opened with mostly positive reviews. Over 24,000 people auditioned for the leading role in the movie. Selena's fans supported the movie, and Lopez's acting in the film helped elevate her career. Although Lopez succeeded as a pop star a few years later, Selena's voice was dubbed in for all the songs in the movie. For her role, Lopez was nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Actress in a Musical. Selena was among two other Latin artists who had the best sales of records for the year 1999.

Reliant Stadium in Houston hosted a tribute concert, Selena ¡VIVE!, on April 7, 2005. Held a week after the 10th anniversary of her death, over 65,000 fans attended the concert, which featured high-profile artists including Gloria Estefan, Pepe Aguilar, Thalía, Paulina Rubio, Ana Bárbara, Alejandra Guzmán, Ana Gabriel, and Fey. The artists performed renditions of Selena's music, as did her brother, A.B. Quintanilla, who performed with his band Kumbia Kings backed with footage of Selena singing "Baila Esta Cumbia". Broadcast live on the Univision network, Selena ¡VIVE! is the highest-rated and most-viewed Spanish-language show in American television history. The show, which lasted over three hours, scored a 35.9 Nielsen household rating. The American Bank Center in Corpus Christi named their 2,526-seat concert auditorium, Selena Auditorium, in her memory.

Discography

• Mis Primeras Grabaciones (1984)
• The New Girl in Town (1985)
• Alpha (1986)
• Muñequito de Trapo (1987)
• And the Winner Is... (1987)
• Preciosa (1988)
• Dulce Amor (1988)
• Selena (1989)
• Ven Conmigo (1990)
• Entre a Mi Mundo (1992)
• Selena Live! (1993)
• Amor Prohibido (1994)
• Dreaming of You (1995)

Filmography

Tours

• Selena Live! Tour (1993–94)
• Amor Prohibido Tour (1994–95)

See also

• List of honorific titles in popular music

References

• Joe Nick Patoski. Selena Como La Flor. Little Brown and Company. ISBN 0316693782.

Citations

1. Selena Quintanilla Samora in the Spanish naming system.
2. Mayfield, Geoff (December 25, 1999). "Totally '90s: Diary of a Decade". Billboard. 111 (52). Nielsen Business Media, Inc.: YE-16–18. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
3. "Topping The Charts Year By Year". Billboard. 110 (48). Nielsen Business Media, Inc.: LMQ3 November 28, 1998. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
4. ^ Mitchell, Rick. "Selena". Houston Chronicle, May 21, 1995. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
5. ^ Sam Howe Verhovek (April 1, 1995). "Grammy Winning Singer Selena Killed in Shooting at Texas Motel". The New York Times. p. 1. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
6. ^ Orozco, Cynthia E. Quintanilla Pérez, Selena. The Handbook of Texas online. Retrieved on May 29, 2009
7. Hector Saldana (April 1, 2010). "15 years after her death, Selena's legend lives on". San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
8. ^ Patoski, p. 30
9. HSA Banquet Features Father of Late Tejano Star Selena, Baylor University press release, November 4, 1999. Retrieved October 13, 2006.
10. Patoski, p. 20
11. Ware, Susan. Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary, Harvard University Press 2005. ISBN 0-674-01488-X
12. Bernstein, Ellen (April 16, 1997). "Birthday hoopla is prohibited". Caller-Times. Corpus Christi, Texas: Caller.com. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
13. Patoski, p. 53
14. Patoski, p. 49
15. Patoski, p. 288
16. Patoski, p. 59
17. Patoski, p. 63
18. "Fans, Family Remember Selena". CBSNews.com, October 17, 2002. Retrieved on July 9, 2006.
19. Patoski, Joe Nick. "Selena follows her heart". Houston Chronicle, April 1, 1996. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
20. Patoski, p. 120
21. "Selena – Life Events". Corpus Christi Caller Times, March 27, 2005. Retrieved on June 7, 2006. Archived 2006-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ Patoski, p. 134
23. Patoski, p. 123
24. ^ Patoski, p. 115
25. Patoski, p. 114
26. ^ Patoski, p. 154
27. Selena. AllMusic.com. Retrieved on September 9, 2010.
28. "Testimony of Richard Fredrickson". Houston Chronicle, October 13, 1995. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
29. "October 12, 1995 testimony of Carla Anthony". Houston Chronicle, October 12, 1995. Retrieved on May 21, 2008.
30. "October 12, 1995, the testimony of Norma Martinez". Houston Chronicle, October 12, 1995. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
31. "Friday, October 13, testimony of Shawna Vela". Houston Chronicle, October 13, 1995. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
32. Villafranca, Armando and Reinert, Patty. "Singer Selena shot to death". Houston Chronicle, April 1, 1995. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
33. "In the spirit of Selena: Tributes, a book and an impending film testify to the Tejano singer's enduring". by Gregory Rodriguez Pacific News, March 21, 1997. Retrieved on July 18, 2006.
34. Patoski, p. 174
35. Patoski, p. 165
36. Asin, Stephanie and Dyer, R.A. "Selena's public outraged: Shock jock Howard Stern's comments hit raw nerve." Houston Chronicle, April 6, 1995. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
37. Stern's Most Shocking
38. Hodges, Ann. "Selena legend lives on with TV movie'. Houston Chronicle, December 6, 1996. Retrieved on May 20, 2006. Archived 2006-06-28 at the Wayback Machine
39. "In the spirit of Selena: Tributes, a book and an impending film testify to the Tejano singer's enduring". Houston Chronicle, March 31, 1996. Retrieved on January 18, 2008.
40. Patoski pg. 199
41. Nilou Panahpour (1995). "Rock and Roll yearbook, the best in music, movies, and television". Rolling Stone (724/725). Straight Arrow Publishers Company: 64.
42. "List of BMG Music Club's top selling albums in the United States". BMG. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
43. "RIAA – Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
44. Graczyk, Michael. "Selena's killer gets life". Associated Press, October 26, 1995. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.
45. National Briefing Southwest: Texas: Gun That Killed Singer Is To Be Destroyed The New York Times, June 8, 2002. Retrieved on July 16, 2006.
46. Weapon Used to Kill Selena Destroyed The Daily Texan, June 11, 2002. Retrieved on September 7, 2006. Archived 2007-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
47. Rotten Tomatoes reviews of Selena. Rotten Tomatoes, Retrieved on July 20, 2006.
48. Lima, OJ (1997). "Etc. Etc. Etc". Vibe magazine. 4 (8): 164.
49. "Scholar examines the spell of Selena". Houston Chronicle, April 28, 1996. Retrieved on June 5, 2006. Archived 2006-06-28 at the Wayback Machine
50. Selena movie review. Roger Ebert, Retrieved on July 20, 2006.
51. Awards for Selena (1997). IMDb.com. Retrieved on May 17, 2006.
52. Oumano, Elena (1999). "U.S. Latin Music Sales Break Records". Billboard magazine. 111 (43): 108.
53. Univision’s Selena ¡Vive! Breaks Audience Records. Univision, November 4, 2005. Retrieved on June 6, 2006.
54. Joe Coudert (April 17, 1996). "Corpus Christi gives Selena big birthday gift". San Antonio Express-News. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

External links

• Official website
• Template:Dmoz
• Selena discography at Discogs
• Selena at IMDb
• Selena at AllMusic

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