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Battle for Height 776
Part of Second Chechen War
Map of the breakthrough, including the fight at the Height 776
Date February 29 – March 1, 2000 Location Height 776, Argun Gorge, Chechnya Result Chechen breakthrough
Belligerents
Chechen separatists Foreign fighters	Russia
Commanders and leaders
Uncertain	Mark Yevtyukhin †
Strength
Disputed	91
Casualties and losses
400-500 or more killed (federal claims)	84 killed
Note: Their respective official figures according to the both sides involved in direct combat at Height 776 (not the entire operation of the breakthrough from the Argun Gorge, which also included other skirmishes in the area ).

The Battle for Height 776, part of the larger Battle of Ulus-Kert, was an engagement in the Second Chechen War during fighting for control of the Argun River gorge in the highland Shatoysky District of central Chechnya, between the villages of Ulus-Kert and Selmentausen.

In the late February 2000, the Russian military forces attempted to surround and destroy a large Chechen separatist force (among them many foreign fighters) withdrawing from the Chechen capital Grozny to Shatoy and Vedeno in the southern mountains of Chechnya following the 1999–2000 siege and capture of Grozny and the rebel main force's breakout from the city earlier that month. On February 29, 2000, just hours after the Russian Defense Minister Igor Sergeyev had assured his government that the Chechen war was over, an isolated Russian force based around a company of paratroopers of the 76th Airborne Division from the city of Pskov found itself cut off by a retreating Chechen column led by Ibn Al-Khattab, commander of foreign fighters in Chechnya. After heavy close-quarters overnight fighting, Russian positions on the hill were overrun and most of the soldiers were killed.

Uncertainty continues to surround many aspects of the engagement, including how many people were engaged in the battle on both sides, how many casualties the Russians both suffered and inflicted, how much artillery support and close air support were provided, and even how long the battle lasted.

Battle

The goal of a regimental combat group task force of the Russian Airborne Troops (VDV) tactical group in the area, based out of the 104th Guards Airborne Regiment of the 76th Division and including also teams from the Spetsnaz GRU and the elite Vympel group of FSB, was to block an exit from the gorge while other Russian forces attempted to encircle a large Chechen force separated from the village of Ulus Kert. The 6th Company, part of the regiment's 2nd Battalion, participated in this blocking force. The company's nominal commander was Major Sergey Molodov, however it was actually led personally by Lieutenant Colonel Mark Yevtyukhin, commander of the entire battalion. With him was also a reconnaissance platoon and an artillery forward observer team led by Captain Viktor Romanov.

At dawn of February 29, in the dense fog, the Russians were surprised by a large-scale Chechen breakthrough and got attacked from their rear by a reconnaissance group of about 20 rebel fighters, soon joined by many more who then surroundered them from the other sides. After suffering heavy losses (including the death of Major Molodov) from the initial ambush, the rest of the Russians retreated to the hilltop where they hastily dug defensive positions, where they received fire support, including from the regimental artillery battalion's 2S9 Nona self-propelled 120 mm mortars, however an abortive mission by a pair of Mil Mi-24 attack helicopters reportedly turned back after having been shot at en route. The only Russian reinfrorcement that made it to Height 776 were 14 men of the 4th Company's third platoon, personally led by the battalion's deputy commander Major Alexander Dostavalov. Attempts from the 1st Company and the 3rd Company as well as the rest of the 4rd Company to rescue their surrounded comrades or to stop the breakthrough were largely unsuccessful. Eventually, badly wounded Captain Romanov allegedly called for fire support on his own position (this is also disputed, as it has been also claimed that the final radio message from the group were actually rather curses thrown at their commanding officers for betraying them) before being overrun in the final Chechen attack. According to the Russian side, 84 soldiers were killed in combat at Height 776, including all of the officers. Only seven rank-and-file soldiers survived the battle, four of them injured (some Russian sources acknowledge only six survivors, not counting the seventh who had answered a call for surrender and was then beaten, stripped out of his uniform and abandoned by the rebels).

Controversies

The battle embarrassed Russian military officials who attempted to conceal the casualties they suffered. Russia's top military leaders (including Marshal of the Russian Federation Sergeyev, VDV commander General Georgy Shpak, and the commander of federal forces in Chechnya, General Gennady Troshev) initially have insisted that only 31 of their men died in the battle and denied the unofficial rumours of 86 soldiers killed. Sergey Yastrzhembsky, Russian President Vladimir Putin's spokesman on Chechnya, also claimed 31 fatalities were "the total losses of that company for several days". After days of denials, Russian officials eventually admitted the losses, some of them apparently caused by friendly fire of their own artillery. Russian newspapers reported that Marshal Sergeyev had ordered the losses to be covered up, as the loss of this unit came just a week after 25 men from the 76th Airborne Division were killed in another battle in Chechnya. Even after the figure of "at least 85" killed has been confirmed by Sergeyev, VDV deputy commander Nikolai Staskov said they were rather killed over four days, from February 29 to March 3. According to one source, "unofficially the losses sustained by Russian paratroopers on 1 March are blamed on the decision of the Eastern group's commander Gen. Sergey Makarov and the VDV tactical group's commander Aleksandr Lentsov." The final figure ultimately stood at 84, however the total Russian strength and the losses among the other Russian units operating in the area of Ulus-Kert were never officially disclosed.

In the first days after the battle, Gen. Troshev said 1,000 rebel fighters were involved in it. This figure has been subsequently raised to 1,500-2,000 by Yastrzhembsky and eventually revised to 2,500 by Troshev himself. However, according to a statement by Colonel General Valery Manilov, first deputy chief of the Russian General Staff, there were only 2,500 to 3,500 separatist fighters left in all of Chechnya at this time. According to Yastrzhembsky on March 6, some 70 rebels have laid down their arms at what he called a "pocket" at Selmentausen, while "up to 1,000 might have succeeded in escaping". The very first Russian official statements mentioned the death of 100 Chechen fighters for the price of 31 Russian soldiers. According to the article in Krasnaya Zvezda ("Red Star"), the official newspaper of the Russian Ministry of Defense, separatist casualties in the Argun Gorge area totaled approximately 400 dead, including 200 bodies allegedly found at Height 776. However, the official federal estimate later was later raised to about 500 enemy dead according to the Russian government website, and in 2008 the state-controlled English language TV station Russia Today spoke of even over 700 fighters killed there.

According to one interview with a Chechen fighter, there were some 1,600 fighters in the slow-moving column, but he did not specify how many spearheaded the withdrawal and how many were in the main caravan (many of them also being badly injured, including the recently-maimed Shamil Basayev who reportedly ordered Khattab to clear the hill of the Russian mortar spotters) or in the rear and flank guard forces. On their Kavkaz Center website, the separatists admitted losing only 12 men in combat at Height 776 (among the fighters who were killed while storming the hill were three Turkish volunteers) and 13 more in other fighting at that time in the area between the villages of Ulus-Kert and Duba-Yurt, as well as about 50 killed during their march to Vedeno. In addition to these losses, 30 wounded fighters left behind at Selmentausen were claimed to be captured and allegedly executed by Russians after being turned in by a traitor. At first, Chechen rebel spokesman Movladi Udugov told AFP that up to 30 soldiers and officers were killed in the attack by 65 Chechen fighters. Later, the Chechen separatist sources estimated Russian losses in the extended battle at about 200 servicemen, including "about hundred Pskov commandos".

On March 10, Chechen President Aslan Maskhadov announced a general order to begin "an all-out partisan war" and the separatist forces remaining in the still unoccupied territories scattered to launch a long guerrilla war. The Russian command thus lost one of their last chances to defeat a large number of the pro-independence fighters in a concentrated position, although in March the federal forces managed to inflict devastating losses against a different column of some 1,000-1,500 fighters (trapping the group under Ruslan Gelayev in the village of Komsomolskoye on March 6 and then killing hundreds of them in the following siege).

While there were no civilians in the immediate proximity of the clashes at the uninhabited Height 776, there were severe civilian casualties during the struggle for the broader Argun Gorge area, in particular from the artillery and air attacks on Ulus-Kert, Yaryshmardy and other villages, where thousands of locals and refugees from Grozny were trapped. Furthermore, there were many credible reports of direct atrocities against the population. For example, on 6 March, a group of civilians was detained by soldiers at the notorious Russian checkpoint on the road between Ulus-Kert and Duba-Yurt; 12 men from the group have "disappeared" and the bodies of three of them were unearthed at the nearby village of Tangi-Chu two months later. In an infamous incident later in March, a local girl Elza Kungayeva was abducted from her home in Tangi-Chu then raped and strangled to death by Russian Ground Forces Colonel Yuri Budanov.

Aftermath

The battle was viewed in Russia at first as a shameful defeat for the Russian military, and later as a glorious last stand made by the paratroopers, confirming the VDV's reputation in the same way that the Battle of Camarón did for the French Foreign Legion, and the events have been quickly enshrined in heroic myth. Even though some in the Russian army view it as a defeat that could have been avoided, it is officially seen in Russia as an example of bravery and sacrifice.

In 2001, Putin flew to Chechnya to visit the former battlefield. In 2008, a day before Russia's Defender of the Fatherland Day, a street in Grozny was officially renamed as "84 Pskov Paratroopers Street", a move that sparked further controversy in Chechnya.

Awards

On March 12, 2000, President Putin signed an ukaz conferring Russian state awards upon participants of the battle. 63 soldiers received the Order of Courage and 22 of the soldiers (all 13 officers and nine enlisted men) were awarded the country's highest medal and title of the Hero of the Russian Federation. This may be compared to total of only 65 medals of the Hero of the Soviet Union medal awarded for the entire duration of the 10-year Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.

List of the Hero of the Russian Federation recipients in relation to this incident:

• Guard Lt. Colonel Mark Yevtyukhin †
• Guard Major Sergey Molodov †
• Guard Major Alexander Dostavalov †
• Guard Captain Roman Sokolov †
• Guard Captain Viktor Romanov †
• Guard Lieutenant Alexey Vorobyov †
• Guard Lieutenant Andrey Sherstyannikov †
• Guard Lieutenant Andrey Panov †
• Guard Lieutenant Dmitry Petrov †
• Guard Lieutenant Alexander Kolgatin †
• Lieutenant Oleg Yermakov †
• Lieutenant Alexander Ryazantsev †
• Lieutenant Dmitry Kozhemyakin †
• Guard Sergeant (contract service) Sergey Medvedev †
• Guard Sergeant (contract service) Alexander Komyagin †
• Guard Sergeant (contract service) Dmitry Grigoriyev †
• Guard Sergeant Sergey Vasilyov †
• Guard Sergeant Vladislav Dukhin †
• Guard Corporal (contract service) Alexander Lebedev †
• Guard Corporal Alexander Gerdt †
• Guard Private Alexey Rasskaza †
• Guard Sergeant Alexander Suponinsky (survivor, interview in Russian)

In popular culture

A series of Russian productions loosely based on these events were produced in the years after the battle, including the 2004 theatrical musical show, the 2004 television series Chest imeyu ("I Have the Honour"), the 2006 four-part television film Grozovye vorota ("The Storm Gate") and the 2006 movie Proriv ("Breakthrough").

See also

• Battle for Hill 3234, a successful defense of the Soviet paratroopers against an attack by the Afghan mujahideen in 1988

References

1. ^ U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (July 2001) ULUS-KERT: An Airborne Company's Last Stand
2. ^ Russia Today TV (23 February 2008) 'Miracle resistance' remembered in Chechnya
3. ^ BBC News (6 March 2000) Chechen rebels besieged
4. Pskov: ready for battle — RT
5. ^ The Independent (15 March 2000) Nation grieves for lost paratroops of Pskov
6. ^ The Moscow Times (19 March 2008) Fairy Tales of Glorious Battles in Chechnya
7. Template:Ru icon «Мы шли на помощь шестой роте...» - Army.lv
8. Template:Ru icon Известия.Ру: ПРЕДПОСЛЕДНИЙ ХЛЕБ
9. Template:Ru icon ArtOfWar. Фарукшин Раян. 6 рота: Герой России Александр Супонинский
10. RFE/RL (7 March 2000) Chechnya: Russia Provides Conflicting Reports On Casualties
11. ^ CBC News (7 March 2000) 31 Russian soldiers killed in Chechnya battles
12. GlobalSecurity.org (6 March 2000) On The Situation in the North Caucasus
13. Chicago Sun-Times (12 March 2000): Russians confirm troop deaths 84 fatalities in worst battle of war with Chechen rebels
14. ^ The Guardian (11 March 2000): No way back: Refugees stranded as Chechnya declares all-out war
15. The Jamestown Foundation (11 May 2006) Putin address conceals challenges in the North Caucasus (Internet Archive)
16. ^ The Independent (10 March 2000): Russia claims rout of rebels in mountain area, but fighting continues
17. Venik's Aviation (7 March 2000) War in Chechnya - 1999 (Internet Archive)
18. BBC News (10 March 2000): Russia admits heavy losses
19. Russian Embassy to Thailand (undated): CHECHNYA: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
20. Grani.Ru (26 March 2002) "We don't consider ourselves conquered and we never will." (Internet Archive)
21. The Jamestown Foundation (7 April 2005) Turkish Volunteers in Chechnya (Internet Archive)
22. Kavkaz Center (29 February 2004) Kremlin's lies about Battle of Ulus-Kert
23. Armor, Volume 116, Issue 4‎ (page 25)
24. Chechenpress (8 March 2005) The battle of Ulus-Kert gives no rest to Moscow (Internet Archive)
25. Human Rights Watch (March 2001): THE "DIRTY WAR" IN CHECHNYA: FORCED DISAPPEARANCES, TORTURE, AND SUMMARY EXECUTION; The "Disappearance" of Nineteen People at the Checkpoint Between Duba-Yurt and Chiri-Yurt (13 January, 18 February and 6 March 2000)
26. ^ The Independent (15 May 2006) Kremlin film makes heroes out of paratroops it left to be massacred
27. The Moscow Times (16 April 2001) Putin Takes Quick Trip to Chechnya
28. Prague Watchdog (29 January 2008) Enemy Street
29. Prague Watchdog (22 February 2008) Grozny street renamed in honour of Pskov paratroopers
30. Russia Mourns Ambushed Troops - CBS News
31. Template:Ru icon Евтюхин Марк Николаевич
32. Gazeta.ru (18 June 2004) Bizarre Chechen War Musical Hits Moscow Stage
33. AFP (21 February 2006) Russians see 'realistic' Chechnya war film, minus the reality

External links

• "ULUS-KERT: An Airborne Company's Last Stand" (July 2001 U.S. Army Combined Arms Center paper based on the article in Red Star)
• Chechnya: Two Federal Disasters, Conflict Studies Research Centre, April 2002 (based mostly on General Troshev's memoir)
• Template:Ru icon Photos of members of the 6th Company

42°57′47″N 45°48′17″E / 42.96306°N 45.80472°E / 42.96306; 45.80472

• Misplaced Pages articles needing copy edit from January 2011
• 2000 in Russia
• Battles of the Second Chechen War