Turkish occupation of northern Syria

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It has been suggested that Safe zone (Syria) be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2017.

For the military operation that led to the occupation, see Turkish military intervention in Syria. For the annexation of the Hatay Province, see Sanjak of Alexandretta.

Syrian Security Belt
Current situation in northern Syria Ba'athist Syria SDF Islamic State Syrian Opposition
Capital	Jarabulus
Largest city	al-Bab
Languages	Turkish Arabic Kurdish
Government	Military occupation
Areas under FSA administration

• Intervention	24 August 2016

Currency	Syrian pound Turkish lira

The Turkish occupation of northern Syria, also known as the North Aleppo Border Pocket, the Northern Syria Security Belt,, or the Safe Zone, refers to areas captured since August 2016 by the Turkish military or Turkish-backed Syrian Turkmen and Arab forces during the Syrian Civil War. Turkish-occupied Syria consists of a 1,620 square kilometre area which includes around 217 settlements including al-Bab, Azaz, Dabiq and Jarabulus. This territory was previously controlled by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the Syrian Democratic Forces.

International reaction

UN member states

Cyprus - the Cypriot House of Representatives on 9 September unanimously adopted a resolution condemning "the unacceptable invasion of Turkey into Syria, under the pretext of war against terrorism." It also called on the international community to demand Turkey's withdrawal from Syria.
Iran - Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Bahram Ghasemi on 31 August urged Ankara to quickly wrap up its military intervention in Syria, saying it was an "unacceptable" violation of Syrian sovereignty.

Other

Rojava - The Shahba region civilian council condemned the occupation of Jarabulus as a Turkish attempt to expand into Syria, likening it to the Battle of Marj Dabiq and suggesting that Jarabulus would become a "grave for the criminal occupier Erdoğan and his mercenaries".

References

"Cyprus House condemns Turkey's invasion of Syria". Famagusta Gazette. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
"Iran urges Turkey to quickly end Syria intervention". France24. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
"Kurdish-backed council says Turkey's intervention to make Syrian town "grave for Erdoğan troops"". ARA News. 26 August 2016.

Syrian civil war

Overviews

Main overviews	Syria Rojava Syrian civil war Timeline Background and causes Syrian peace process Syrian government reactions Belligerents Inter-rebel conflict Spillover Cities and towns Sectarianism and minorities Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
Effects and ongoing concerns	Casualties of the Syrian civil war Refugees of the Syrian civil war Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
Phases and processes	Syrian revolution Early insurgency phase 2012–2013 escalation Ceasefires Syrian peace process
World reaction	International reactions to the Syrian civil war Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime
Specific groups and countries	Russian involvement Russian intervention Turkish involvement Turkish occupation of northern Syria Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria US intervention in the Syrian civil war 2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria Kurdish Area in Syria Syrian Democratic Forces Rojava conflict U.S. task force
Agreements and dialogues	Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria
Transitional phase	Syrian transitional government

Timeline

Background

2011
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2012
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2013
Jan–Apr
May–Dec

2014
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec

2015
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec

2016
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2017
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2018
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2019
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2020
Jan–Dec

2021
Jan–Dec

2022
Jan–Dec

2023
Jan-Dec

2024
Jan–Oct
Nov–present

Spillover

Israel and Golan Heights:	March 2017 incident February 2018 incident May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
Iraq:	Akashat ambush Operation al-Shabah April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
Jordanian border incidents	April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
Lebanon:	Lebanese border clashes Battle of Sidon Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut North Lebanon clashes Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
Turkey:	December 2011 Turkish border clash 2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 2012 Turkish border clashes 2013 Reyhanlı car bombings January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria Assassination of Andrei Karlov Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 2020 Balyun airstrikes Operation Spring Shield
Elsewhere:	Deir ez-Zor missile strike (Iran)

Belligerents

Ba'athist regime

Politics of Ba'athist Syria	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region Syrian Social Nationalist Party Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Communist Party
Military and militias	Syrian Armed Forces Syrian Resistance PFLP-GC al-Quds Brigade Palestine Liberation Army
Foreign support	Hezbollah involvement Iranian involvement Liwa Fatemiyoun Russian involvement medical facility targeting military intervention Wagner Group Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition Popular Mobilization Forces

Opposition

Interim government	National Coalition Local Coordination Committees Syrian National Council Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change Syrian Revolution General Commission Syrian Support Group Adopt a Revolution Syrian Patriotic Group
Opposition militias	Syrian National Army Free Syrian Army National Front for Liberation Army of Glory Authenticity and Development Front Army of Free Tribes Revolutionary Commando Army Muslim Brotherhood in Syria Grey Wolves
Foreign support	US intervention Jordanian intervention Qatar Saudi Arabia Turkey

Autonomous Administration
of North and East Syria

DFNS Government	Democratic Union Party Kurdish National Council Smaller political parties
SDF militias	People's Protection Units Women's Protection Units Anti-Terror Units Al-Sanadid Forces Army of Revolutionaries SDF military councils Syriac Military Council Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa Northern Democratic Brigade
Support	Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Kurdistan Workers' Party International Freedom Battalion Sinjar Resistance Units Êzîdxan Women's Units

Islamists

Islamic State

al-Qaeda and allies

People

Elections	2011 local elections 2012 parliamentary election 2014 presidential election 2015 Northern local elections 2016 parliamentary election 2017 Northern local elections 2017 Northern regional elections 2018 local elections 2020 parliamentary election 2021 presidential election
Issues	Casualties Cities and towns Chemical weapons Damaged heritage sites Foreign involvement Human rights violations Humanitarian aid International demonstrations and protests International reactions Massacres Mass graves Refugees Sectarianism and minorities Status of the Golan Heights Spillover in Lebanon Syrian government reactions
Peace process	Arab League monitors Friends of Syria Group Kofi Annan peace plan UN supervision mission Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan U.S.–Russia peace proposals 39th G8 summit UN Security Council Resolution 2118 Geneva II conference 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement Vienna talks 2016 Geneva talks Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal Syrian Constitutional Committee
Investigations/legal cases	Investigations International Commission Chemical weapons War crimes cases Germany Canada + Netherlands vs Syria
Related topics	Exclusive mandate Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference International recognition of the Syrian National Council Syria Files Syrian detainee report Syrian media coverage 2015 European migrant crisis Syrian civil war in popular culture

Category

Foreign relations of Turkey

Bilateral relations

Africa

Central	Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon
East	Burundi Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Rwanda Seychelles Somalia South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
North	Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Tunisia
Southern	Namibia South Africa
West	Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d'Ivoire The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo

Americas

Caribbean	Bahamas Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti St. Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago
Central	Costa Rica Guatemala Nicaragua Panama
Northern	Canada Mexico United States
South	Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela

Asia

Central	Afghanistan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
East	China Japan Mongolia North Korea South Korea Taiwan
South	Bangladesh India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
Southeast	Brunei Cambodia East Timor Indonesia Laos Myanmar Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
Western	Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Georgia Abkhazia Iran Iraq Kurdistan Region Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria United Arab Emirates Yemen

Europe

Central	Czech Republic Hungary Poland Slovakia
Eastern	Belarus Bulgaria Moldova Romania Russia Ukraine
Northern	Denmark Estonia Finland Iceland Ireland Latvia Lithuania Norway Sweden United Kingdom
Southern	Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Greece Italy Kosovo Malta Montenegro North Macedonia Northern Cyprus Portugal San Marino Serbia Slovenia Spain Vatican City
Western	Austria Belgium France Germany Luxembourg Netherlands Switzerland

Oceania

Australasia	Australia New Zealand
Melanesia	Solomon Islands
Polynesia	Samoa Tonga

Former states

Multilateral relations

Current	International organizations Arab League European Union Accession negotiations NATO Organization of Turkic States United Nations
Historical	Central Treaty Organization First Balkan Pact Second Balkan Pact

Diplomacy

Peace Agreements and Treaties	Treaty of Ankara Border with Iraq Treaty of Constantinople Border with Bulgaria Greece Treaty of Kars Border with Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Treaty of Lausanne Border with Syria Treaty of Zuhab Border with Iran Montreux Convention Turkish Straits ECHR European Court of Human Rights
International infrastructure	Oil Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline Water Northern Cyprus pipeline Natural gas Blue Stream Tabriz–Ankara pipeline Trans-Anatolian pipeline TurkStream Rail transport Greece–Turkey Azerbaijan–Georgia–Turkey
Missions	Diplomatic missions of Turkey / in Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister Diplomatic corps

v t e Foreign relations of Syria
Africa	Algeria Egypt Morocco Sahrawi Republic Somalia South Africa Sudan Tunisia
Americas	Canada Chile Cuba Mexico Nicaragua United States Venezuela
Asia	Abkhazia Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh China India Indonesia Iran Iraq Kurdistan Region Israel Japan Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Malaysia North Korea Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen
Europe	Austria Belarus Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Denmark France Germany Greece Holy See Hungary Italy Netherlands Romania Russia Serbia Spain Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom
Disputes	Arab–Israeli conflict Lebanese Civil War Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1976–2005) Syrian civil war Turkish occupation of northern Syria (2016–) International reactions to the Syrian civil war
Diplomatic missions	Diplomatic missions of Syria / in Syria
Multilateral	European Union

v t e Foreign relations of the Syrian Opposition
Issues	Syrian civil war Syrian Kurdish–Islamist conflict (2013–present) Turkish occupation of northern Syria
Recognition	Syrian National Council Diplomatic missions of / in Syrian Opposition
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Syrian Opposition

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