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2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict (Arab-Israeli conflict) Part of the Israel-Lebanon conflict File:2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict titlepic.png Smoke over Tyre after an Israeli bombardment, a katyusha-damaged building in Haifa, An IDF M109 self-propelled howitzer fires into Southern Lebanon Date 12 July 2006 — 8 September 2006 (ceasefire started 05:00 UTC, 14 August 2006) Location Lebanon and northern Israel Result Ceasefire Belligerents File:Flag of Hezbollah.svg Hezbollah Israel Commanders and leaders Hassan Nasrallah (Secretary General),Imad Mughniyeh (Commander of Islamic Resistance) Dan Halutz (CoS), Moshe Kaplinsky, Udi Adam (Regional) Strength 600-1,000 fighters 3,000-5,000 available 30,000 ground troops (plus IAF & ISC) Casualties and losses Hezbollah militia: 74 dead confirmed by Hezbollah 440 dead confirmed and identified by IDF (of an estimated 550-700) at least 3 captured Allied militia: Amal: 17 LCP: 12 PFLP-GC: 2 IDF: 119 dead 400+ injured 2 captured Lebanese civilians: 1,187 dead 3,600 wounded Israeli civilians: 44 dead 1,350+ injured Lebanese army: 46 dead ~100 wounded UN personnel: 7 dead 12 wounded (See Attacks on United Nations personnel during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict) See also: Casualties of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

v t e 2006 Lebanon War Timeline Military engagements and attacks Cross-border raid Density Maroun al-Ras Bint Jbeil Ayta ash-Sha'b Qana Baalbek al-Qaa Tyre Change of Direction 11 Nature Reserves Civilian convoys attacks IDF Special Operations Jiyeh Chiyah Ghaziyeh Marjayoun Evacuations Baliste Sukoon Response International reactions European reactions Qana airstrike Position of Lebanon Israeli reserve soldiers' protest Humanitarian aid International incidents Related topics Prisoners Prisoner exchange Photograph controversies (Adnan Hajj) Foreign involvement War crimes Siniora Plan Ceasefire attempts UN Security Council Resolution 1680 UN Security Council Resolution 1701

v t e Israeli–Lebanese conflict Timeline Projectile attacks from Lebanon Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon 1970 Avivim bombing 1978 Israeli invasion 1982 Israeli invasion Hezbollah–Israel conflict 1982–2000 conflict 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms 2006 War 2010 Kfar Kila 2013 Hanikra 2015 Shebaa Farms Maritime border dispute Israel–Hezbollah conflict since 2023 September 2024 Lebanon strikes Lebanese displacement Israeli attacks on the Lebanese health sector

The 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, known in Lebanon as the July War and in Israel as Lebanon War II was a military conflict in Lebanon and northern Israel, primarily between Hezbollah paramilitary forces and Israel. It started on 12 July 2006 and ended when a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect on 14 August 2006.

The conflict began when Hezbollah fired Katyusha rockets and mortars at Israeli military positions and border villages to divert attention from another Hezbollah unit that crossed the border and captured two Israeli soldiers and killed three. Israel responded with massive airstrikes and artillery fire on the Lebanese civilian infrastructure, an air and naval blockade, and a ground invasion of southern Lebanon. Hezbollah in turn launched rockets into northern Israel and engaged the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in guerrilla warfare from well fortified positions.

The conflict killed over 1,500 people, mostly Lebanese civilians, severely damaged Lebanese infrastructure, displaced about one million Lebanese and 500,000 Israelis, and disrupted normal life across all of Lebanon and northern Israel. Even after the ceasefire, 256,000 Lebanese remained internally displaced , while most Israelis have returned to their homes.

On 11 August 2006 the United Nations Security Council unanimously approved UN Resolution 1701, in an effort to end the hostilities. The resolution, which was approved by both Lebanese and Israeli governments the following days, also called for the disarming of Hezbollah, for Israel to withdraw and for the deployment of Lebanese soldiers and an enlarged United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) force in southern Lebanon. The Lebanese army began deploying in southern Lebanon on 17 August 2006. Israel began to withdraw some of its forces from the country; the blockade was ended 8 September.

Background

The Black September and subsequent mass expulsion of Palestinians from Jordan resulted in a huge demographic shift for Lebanon from a balanced Maronite Catholic-Shi'a Muslim majority nation to a country whose southern region became the home of hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arab refugees. The Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) was expedited, if not caused, by these shifts, and created for Israel a troublesome border with various forces calling for the destruction of their nation, and coordinating attacks against it. Ultimately, Israel invaded Lebanon in 1982 to forcibly expel the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and largely succeeded, but was forced by international pressure to withdraw to a slim borderland buffer zone. New militias rose up to fill the void left by the PLO, some allied with Israel, like the South Lebanese Army (SLA), some with shared interests, like Amal, and others in violent opposition to Israeli occupation of Lebanese territory. Though the Lebanese civil war ended and most other warring factions laid down their arms in 1991, Hezbollah refused and eventually forced the surrender of the SLA and an early Israeli withdrawal in 2000 from all of Lebanon but the disputed Shebaa farms area. Hezbollah continued its campaign intermittantly over the next six years, seeking to win freedom for Lebanese citizens in Israeli prisons, with varying levels of Israeli military operations and prisoner exchanges in reply.

Beginning of conflict

At around 9:00 AM local time (06:00 UTC), on 12 July 2006, Hezbollah initiated a diversionary Katyusha rocket and mortar attack on Israeli military positions and border villages. At the same time, a ground contingent of Hezbollah crossed the border into Israeli territory and attacked two Israeli armoured Humvees patrolling on the Israeli side of the Israel-Lebanon border, near the village of Zar'it, capturing two Israeli soldiers and killing three. Five others were killed later on the Lebanese side of the border during a mission to rescue the two kidnapped soldiers. The UN, the European Union, the G8, the United States, and prominent bod khan news agencies, including Al Jazeera, have characterized the Hezbollah action as "cross-border".

Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said that "the war started not only by killing eight Israeli soldiers and abducting two, but by shooting Katyusha and other rockets on the northern cities of Israel on that same morning. Indiscriminately." Hezbollah's attack was named "Operation Truthful Promise", after a "promise" by its leader Hassan Nasrallah to kidnap Israeli soldiers and swap them for Arab prisoners in Israeli jails. It also include some of the four Lebanese prisoners in Israel, including convicted murderer Samir Kuntar. Nasrallah declared: "No military operation will return the Israeli captured soldiers…The prisoners will not be returned except through one way: indirect negotiations and a trade of prisoners."

Israeli action

During the campaign, Israel's Air Force flew more than 12,000 combat missions while its Navy fired 2,500 shells and the Army fired over 100,000 shells , destroying large parts of the Lebanese civilian infrastructure. 400 miles of roads, 73 bridges and 31 targets such as Beirut International Airport, ports, water and sewage treatment plants, electrical facilities, 25 fuel stations, 900 commercial structures, up to 350 schools and two hospitals were destroyed, as well as some 15,000 homes. Some 130,000 more homes were damaged.

Ehud Olmert declared the attack an "act of war", and promised Lebanon a "very painful and far-reaching response". It was reported that the Israeli cabinet authorized "severe and harsh" retaliation on Lebanon., while Dan Halutz, Israel’s chief of staff, stated that “f the soldiers are not returned, we will turn Lebanon’s clock back 20 years." A retired Israeli Army Colonel explained that the rationale behind the attack was to create a rift between the Lebanese population and Hezbollah supporters by exacting a heavy price from the elite in Beirut.

The Israeli government held the Beirut government responsible for the attack, as it was carried out from Lebanese territory and Hezbollah had two ministers serving in the Lebanese cabinet at that time. In response, Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora denied any knowledge of the raid and stated that he did not condone it. An emergency meeting of the Lebanese government reaffirmed this position.

Early on 13 July 2006 Israel sent IAF jets to bomb Beirut International Airport, forcing its closure and diversion of incoming flights to Cyprus. Israel subsequently imposed an air and sea blockade on Lebanon, and bombed the main Beirut–Damascus highway.

On 23 July 2006 Israeli land forces crossed into Lebanon in the Maroun al-Ras area, which overlooks several other locations said to have been used as launch sites for Hezbollah rockets.

On 25 July 2006 IDF forces attacked Bint Jbeil, an important Hezbollah stronghold opposite the Israeli border.

On 26 July 2006 Israeli forces attacked and destroyed an UN observer post. Described as a nondeliberate attack, the post was shelled for hours before being bombed. UN forces made repeated calls to alert Israeli forces of the danger to the UN observers, all four of whom were killed. Rescuers were shelled as they attempted to reach the post. According to an e-mail earlier sent by one of the killed UN observers, Hezbollah fighters were just a few meters away from the UN observer post.

On 27 July 2006, Hezbollah ambushed the Israelis there and killed eight soldiers. Israel says it also inflicted heavy losses on Hezbollah.

On 30 July 2006, Israeli airstrikes hit an apartment building in Qana. Human Rights Watch has later confirmed that at least 28 died, of which 16 were children, with 13 more still missing.

On 1 August 2006 Israeli commandos landed in Baalbek in Operation Sharp and Smooth, and captured five civilians including one bearing the same name as Hezbollah's leader, "Hassan Nasrallah". All of the civilians were released after the ceasefire. Troops landed near Dar al-Himkeh hospital west of Baalbeck as part of a widescale operation in the area.

On 5 August 2006 Israeli commandos carried out a raid in Tyre.

On 12 August 2006, one day after United Nations Security Council had approved Resolution 1701, the IDF established its hold in Lebanon. Over the weekend Israeli forces in southern Lebanon nearly tripled in size. and were ordered to advance towards the Litani River.

On 14 August 2006, moments before the ceasefire went into effect, the Israeli Air Force reported that they had killed the head of Hezbollah’s Special Forces, whom they identified as Sajed Dewayer, while Hezbollah denied this claim. On the same day, the IDF targeted what it said was a Palestinian faction in the Ein el-Hilweh refugee camp in Saida. Two missiles were fired into a civilian residential area which killed UNRWA staff member Abdel Saghir. Two civilians had been killed in this camp a few days prior to the incident.

Hezbollah action

Hezbollah fired between 3,970 and 4,228 rockets, and even though only 23% of them hit built-up areas, these were primarily civilian in nature. More than 94% were 122 mm Katyusha artillery rockets carrying an up to 30 kg warhead and having a range of up to 30 km. Cities hit included Haifa, Hadera, Nazareth, Tiberias, Nahariya, Safed, Afula, Kiryat Shmona, Beit She'an, Karmiel, and Maalot, and dozens of Kibbutzim, Moshavim, and Druze and Arab villages, as well as the northern West Bank. It also hit a hospital in Safed in northern Galilee on 18 July, wounding eight. One of the attacks hit a railroad repair depot, killing eight workers. Hezbollah claimed that this attack was aimed at a large Israeli fuel storage plant adjacent to the railway facility. Haifa is home to many strategically valuable facilities such as shipyards and oil refineries. Hezbollah also engaged in guerilla warfare with the IDF. These attacks by small, well-armed units caused serious problems for the IDF, especially where hundreds of sophisticated Russian-made anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) were used. They enabled Hezbollah to destroy 14 Israeli Merkava main battle tanks. Six tanks were destroyed by anti-tank mines. Additional casualties were caused by Hezbollah using ATGMs to collapse buildings onto Israeli troops sheltering inside.

Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported that Hezbollah was "a trained, skilled, well-organized, highly motivated infantry that is equipped with the cream of the crop of modern weaponry from the arsenals of Syria, Iran, Russia, and China." Lebanese satellite TV station Al-Manar reported that the attack had included a Fajr-3 and a Ra'ad 1, both liquid-fuel missiles developed by Iran.

After the initial Israeli response, Hezbollah declared an all-out military alert, and said it had 13,000 rockets capable of hitting towns and installations far into northern Israel. As a result, Israeli Defense Minister Peretz told commanders to prepare civil defense plans, and around half of the million civilians living in Northern Israel were sent to bomb shelters or fled their homes to other parts of the country. Hezbollah continued to fire rockets into northern Israel's towns, cities, and numerous small agricultural villages.

On 14 July 2006 the IDF bombed Nasrallah's offices in Beirut.Nasrallah addressed Israel, saying “You wanted an open war, and we are heading for an open war. We are ready for it.” Hezbollah successfully attacked an Israeli warship enforcing the blockade of Lebanon with a radar guided C-802 anti-ship missile. 4 sailors were killed and the Sa'ar 5-class missile boat was severely damaged and was towed back to port.

On 3 August 2006 Nasrallah warned Israel against hitting Beirut and promised retalation against Tel Aviv in this case. He also stated that Hezbollah would stop its rocket campaign if Israel ceased aerial and artillery strikes of Lebanese towns and villages.

On 4 August 2006 Israel attacked the southern outskirts of Beirut, and later in the day, Hezbollah launched rockets at the Hadera region.

On 9 August 2006 nine Israeli soldiers were killed when the building they were taking cover in was struck by a Hezbollah anti-tank missile and collapsed.

On 12 August 2006 24 Israeli soldiers were killed; the worst Israeli loss in a single day. Out of those 24, five soldiers were killed when Hezbollah apparently shot down an Israeli helicopter, a first for the militia.. Hezbollah claimed the helicopter was attacked with a Wa'ad missile.

Initial reviews of the conflict after the ceasefire

Following the UN-brokered ceasefire, there were mixed responses on who had gained most in the war. Iran and Syria proclaimed a victory for Hezbollah while the Israeli and United States administrations declared that Hezbollah lost the conflict. Initially, in a poll by an Israeli radio station, Israelis were split on the outcome with the majority believing that no one won.. By 25 August, 63% of Israelis polled wanted Olmert to resign due to his handling of the war. The Economist concluded that by surviving this unsymmetrical military conflict with Israel, Hezbollah effectively emerged with a military and political victory from this conflict. They cite the facts that Hezbollah was able to sustain defenses on Lebanese soil and inflict unmitigated rocket attacks on Israeli civilians in the face of a punishing air and land campaign by the IDF. Also, Israel's stated goals entering the conflict were to retrieve its two captured soldiers and destroy the military capability of Hezbollah - neither goal was accomplished. Hezbollah is leading the rebuilding effort in south Beirut and Lebanon using "unlimited" support from Iran, thereby awarding Hezbollah further political clout. However, given the response from Israeli military forces, which caused widespread destruction in southern Lebanon, as well as a new UN force to occupy what was formerly a Hezbollah controlled area, the conflict is generally seen as weakening Hezbollah militarily. Proponents of both sides claim victory, although from a statistical standpoint, neither side achieved their goals. On 27 August, the day before UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's visit to Lebanon, Hassan Nasrallah apologised to the Lebanese people for the incident that sparked the war, saying "Had we known that the kidnapping of the soldiers would have led to this, we would definitely not have done it." On 22 September, several hundred thousand Hezbollah supporters gathered in Beirut in the Hezbollah's Beirut stronghold for a "divine victory" rally over Israel declared by its leader Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah. Nasrallah walked through the crowd greeting people and shaking hands before starting his speech, and said that Hezbollah should celebrate the "divine and strategic victory."

In contrast, Israeli Prime Minister Olmert admitted to the Knesset that there were mistakes in the war in Lebanon, though he framed UN Security Council resolution 1701 as an accomplishment for Israel that it would bring home the kidnapped soldiers, and said that the operations had altered the regional strategic balance vis-à-vis Hezbollah. Israeli chief of staff Dan Halutz, has publicly admitted to failings in the conflict. On 15 August, Israeli government and defense officials called for Halutz' resignation following a stock scandal in which he admitted selling stocks hours before the start of the Israeli offensive. The magnitude of the affair is considered linked to the lack of a "clearcut victory" for Israel.

On 21 August, a group of demobilized Israel reserve soldiers and parents of soldiers killed in the fighting started a movement calling for the resignation of Ehud Olmert and the establishment of a national commission of inquiry. They set up a protest tent opposite the Knesset and grew significantly in numbers, reaching over 2,000 by 25 August and including support from the influential Movement for Quality Government. On 28 August, Olmert announced that there would be no independent national or governmental commission of inquiry. Instead, there would be two internal inspection commissions, one to investigate the political echelon and one to examine IDF, and likely a third commission to examine the Home Front, to be announced at a later date. These would have a more limited mandate and less authority than a single inquiry commission headed by a retired judge. The political and military committees were to be headed by former director of Mossad, Nahum Admoni, and former Chief of Staff, Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, respectively. Critics argued that these committees amount to a whitewash, due to their limited authority, limited investigatory scope, their self-appointed basis, and that neither would be headed by a retired judge. On 12 September, former defense minister Moshe Arens spoke of "the defeat of Israel" in calling for a state committee of inquiry. Asked what questions he thought should be addressed, he said that Israel had lost "to a very small group of people, 5000 Hezbullah fighters, which should have been no match at all for the IDF". He stated that the conflict could have "some very fateful consequences for the future." Disclosing his intent to shortly resign, Ilan Harari, the IDF's chief education officer, stated at a conference of senior IDF officers that Israel lost the war, becoming the first senior active duty officer to publicly reveal such an opinion.

US President George W. Bush has questioned Hezbollah's declarations of victory "when at one time were a state within a state, safe within southern Lebanon, and now going to be replaced by a Lebanese army and an international force." It seems unlikely, however, that the army or the international force will attempt to disarm Hezbollah.

The American and Lebanese relationship has been strained by the war. After the attack on Qana, the typically pro-American Siniora snubbed US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice by cancelling a meeting with her and thanked Hezbollah for its "sacrifices for the independence and sovereignty of Lebanon." Many Lebanese condemned the United States goverment for stalling the ceasefire resolution in the UN and its support of Israel. In a poll conducted on 28 July, only 8% of Lebanese felt that the US supports Lebanon, while 87% supported Hezbollah's fight with Israel.

The fighting resulted in a huge financial setback for Lebanon, with estimates ranging from US$7 to US$10 billion in direct costs while the cost for Israel is put at US$1.6 - US$3 billion. This, and other factors has prompted a commentator in the London-based Arabic newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat to question the claims of victory by Hezbollah. According to one analyst in the Associated Press, the main casualty was the fragile unity between Lebanon's sectarian and political groups.

Targets in civilian areas

Killed in the conflict were 1,187 Lebanese civilians and 44 Israeli civilians. Almost one third of the Lebanese civilian casualties were children under 13 years of age.

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) initially estimated about 35,000 homes and businesses in Lebanon were destroyed by Israel in the conflict, while a quarter of the country's road bridges or overpasses were damaged. Jean Fabre, a UNDP spokesman, estimated that overall economic losses for Lebanon from the month-long conflict between Israel and Hezbollah totaled "at least $15 billion, if not more." Israel says that it attacked buildings and infrastructure used by Hezbollah to launch rockets or receive re-supply from Iran and Syria.

Hezbollah fired hundreds of rockets, sometimes more than 200 per day throughout the conflict. These landed in all major cities of northern Israel, including Haifa, Nazareth, and Tiberias, as well as dozens of kibbutzim, moshavim, Druze, and Arab villages., while Israel destroyed large parts of the Lebanese civilian infrastructure with airstrikes and heavy artillery fire. Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah defended the attacks, saying that Hezbollah had "started to act calmly, we focused on Israel military bases and we didn’t attack any settlement, however, since the first day, the enemy attacked Lebanese towns and murdered civilians—Hezbollah militants had destroyed military bases, while the Israelis killed civilians and targeted Lebanon's infrastructure.

Amnesty International condemned both Hezbollah and Israel for attacks on civilians, in addition to the reported use of white phosphorus by the IDF. A recent report presented facts suggesting that Israel deliberately attacked the civilian population and government of Lebanon in a conscious effort to turn them against Hezbollah, and called for an independent and impartial inquiry appointed by UN, to investigate alleged war crimes by both Hezbollah and Israel.

Human Rights Watch condemned the indiscriminate use of force against civilians by both Israel and Hezbollah. They blamed Israel for systematically failing to distinguish between combatants and civilians, which may constitute a war crime, and accused Hezbollah of committing war crimes by the deliberate and indiscriminate killing of civilians by firing rockets into populated areas. The organization also strongly criticized Israel for using cluster bombs too close to civilians because of their inaccuracy and unreliability, and Hezbollah for filling its rockets with ball bearings, which "suggests a desire to maximize harm to civilians."

UN's Secretary-General Kofi Annan criticized Israel for using cluster bombs, while Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland accused Israel of "completely immoral" use of the munitions in the country. Amnesty International stated on 30 August 2006 that it was "outrageous" that Israel had not yet provided maps indicating where cluster bombs were used, reiterating that their use "in the heart of where people live clearly violates the prohibition on indiscriminate attacks" and was therefore "a grave violation of international humanitarian law". On 1 September 2006 IDF said it would provide UNIFIL with maps of South Lebanon that indicated where bombs or other devices that did not explode may be found. The extent of the use of cluster bombs was later commented by a senior IDF official, who said that "what we did was insane and monstrous, we covered entire towns in cluster bombs". IDF soldiers testified that the army had used phosphorous shells. The US government declared its intent to investigate whether Israel's use of American-made cluster bombs in southern Lebanon had violated secret agreements that restrict when it can employ such weapons. 90 percent of the cluster bomb strikes occurred in the last 72 hours of the war. As of 6 September 2006, at least 13 people were killed and dozens injured after the ceasefire in Lebanon by unexploded ordnance. Most of the deaths resulted from the submunitions of cluster bombs. The UN had found 100,000 unexploded cluster bomblets at 359 sites by that time.

Israeli officials accused Hezbollah of intentionally using the civilian population as human shields, and several reports have alleged that Hezbollah fired rockets from residential areas to draw Israeli fire on those areas, in an attempt to maximize civilian casualties and garner more sympathy. The IDF claimed that Hezbollah had blocked village exits to prevent residents from leaving the warzone. It declared that the IAF had dropped leaflets warning civilians to leave the area before it attacks. Israeli Justice Minister Haim Ramon stated civilians remaining in South Lebanon after being issued such leaflets should be considered "terrorists." ACRI points to Israeli attacks on roads, bridges and vehicles transporting refugees as preventing civilian evacuation. The IDF asserted that its attacks on infrastructure such as the airport were justified, as it claimed that such infrastructure was used to re-supply Hezbollah with missiles and other ordnance from Syria and Iran, and could have been used to smuggle the two kidnapped Israeli soldiers into Iran.

Jan Egeland called Hezbollah rocket attacks into northern Israel and Israeli aerial bombing of Beirut violations of humanitarian law. He accused Hezbollah of “cowardly blending…among women and children” and condemned their rumored pride at "having many more children and women dead than armed men."

Louise Arbour, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, expressed "grave concern over the continued killing and maiming of civilians in Lebanon, Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory." She suggested that the actions of Israel and Hezbollah may constitute war crimes. Arbour called for Israel to obey a “principle of proportionality" and said, "indiscriminate shelling of cities constitutes a foreseeable and unacceptable targeting of civilians.…Similarly, the bombardment of sites with alleged military significance, but resulting invariably in the killing of innocent civilians, is unjustifiable."

Environmental consequences

The Israeli Air Force bombed the Jiyeh power station, 30 km (19 mi) south of Beirut, on 13 July 2006 and 15 July 2006, resulting in an environmental disaster. The plant's damaged storage tanks leaked 20,000 to 30,000 tonnes of oil into the eastern Mediterranean Sea, comparable in size to the Exxon Valdez oil spill. A 10 km wide oil slick covers 170 km of coastline, and was threatening Turkey and Cyprus. The slick was reportedly causing breathing problems, killing fish, and threatened the habitat of the endangered green sea turtle, as well as increasing the risk of cancer. The Lebanese government estimated that it may take up to 10 years to recover from this spill. The UN estimated the cost for the initial clean up at $64m.

Hezbollah rocket attacks caused numerous forest fires inside northern Israel, particularly on the Naftali mountain range near Kiryat Shmona. As of 8 August as many as 9,000 acres including 3,000 acres of Israel’s few forests, were damaged by fires caused by Hezbollah rockets, and at least one forest has lost nearly 75% of its trees. The Jewish National Fund estimated that it would take 50 to 60 years to rehabilitate the forests.

Position of Lebanon

While Israel initially held the Lebanese government responsible for the Hezbollah attacks due to Lebanon's failure to implement Resolution 1559 calling on it to disarm Hezbollah, Lebanon disavowed the raids, stating that the government of Lebanon did not condone them, and that Israel had its own history of disregarding inconvenient UN resolutions. An emergency meeting of the Lebanese government reaffirmed this position. Almost immediately after the hostilities began, Lebanon's Prime Minister Fouad Siniora called for a ceasefire. On 14 July 2006, following a phone call between Siniora and US President George W. Bush, the Prime Minister's office issued a statement that called on Bush to exert all his efforts on Israel to stop its aggression on Lebanon, reach a comprehensive ceasefire and lift its blockade. On the next day, Siniora called for "an immediate ceasefire backed by the United Nations" in a televised speech.

During Israel's raid on Tyre, the Lebanese Army reportedly fired surface-to-air missiles at Israeli helicopters, which returned fire and destroyed a Lebanese M113 Armored Personnel Carrier.

Ceasefire attempts

Terms for a ceasefire had been drawn and revised several times over the course of the conflict, yet successful agreement between the two sides took several weeks. Hezbollah maintained the desire for an unconditional ceasefire, while Israel insisted upon a conditional ceasefire, including the return of the two kidnapped soldiers. Lebanon frequently pled for the United Nations Security Council to call for an immediate, unconditional ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah.

Current ceasefire

On 11 August 2006 the United Nations Security Council unanimously approved UN Security Council Resolution 1701, in an effort to end the hostilities. It was accepted by the Lebanese government and Hezbollah on 12 August 2006, and by the Israeli government on 13 August 2006. The ceasefire took effect in the region at 8:00 AM (5:00 AM GMT) on 14 August 2006.

Before the ceasefire, the two Hezbollah members of cabinet said that their militia would not disarm south of the Litani River, according to another senior member of the Lebanese cabinet, while a top Hezbollah official similarly denied any intention of disarming in the south. Israel said it would stop withdrawing from Southern Lebanon if Lebanese troops were not deployed there within a matter of days.

Both sides promised to retaliate when placed on the defensive.

Post-ceasefire events

• On 14 August 2006, hours after the beginning of the ceasefire, about four mortars were fired inside southern Lebanon. An Israeli military spokesman said that Israel will not respond to their firing. On that day four more incidents were recorded when armed Hezbollah members said to have approached Israeli positions were killed.
• On 15 August 2006 "Israeli soldiers opened fire when four Hezbollah fighters came toward them," three of the Hezbollah fighters were killed. The same day, about 10 rockets were fired by Hezbollah inside southern Lebanon. Israel reiterated it wouldn't respond since the rockets did not cross border.
• On 18 August 2006 Lebanese police sources reported that Israeli Defense Force warplanes launched four missiles toward targets in an eastern Lebanese village of Baalbek. Israeli sources acknowledge that its air force performs sorties over Lebanese territory, but denied breaking the ceasefire. Lebanese officials later contradicted the police sources stating that no missiles were fired by the Israeli planes. The Associated Press reported that Hezbollah had fired at least 10 Katyusha rockets into southern Lebanon. The IDF stated that as none had crossed the border and there were no casualties, they did not respond. Earlier, skirmishes between Israeli forces and Hezbollah left six guerrillas dead. UNIFIL also reported that the IDF fired a tank shell at the Lebanese village of Markaba but that there was no response from the other side.
• On 19 August 2006 Israel launched a raid in Lebanon's eastern Bekaa Valley it says was aimed to disrupt weapons supplies to Hezbollah from Syria and Iran. Lebanese officials "said the Israelis were apparently seeking a guerrilla target in a school." One Israeli soldier was killed, another mortally wounded, while 3 Hezbollah fighters were wounded. Hezbollah said it won't respond to the attack. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan said he was "deeply concerned" about an Israeli commando raid in eastern Lebanon Saturday, calling it a violation of a U.N.-backed ceasefire. The statement also cites UNIFIL troops as saying there have "also been several air violations by Israeli military aircraft." Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman Mark Regev told the Associated Press that “he cease-fire is based on (U.N. resolution) 1701 which calls for an international arms embargo against Hezbollah.” Regev was referring to article 8 of the resolution which calls for an end to all weapons transfers to Hezbollah.
• On 27 August 2006 UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said that U.N. troops would not intercept Syrian arms shipments to Hezbollah unless requested to do so by the Lebanese Government.
• On 29 August 2006 UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said that Israel had committed most of the truce violations and described Israel's continuing embargo as "a humiliation and an infringement on Lebanese sovereignty." Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert reiterated Israel's willingness to lift the blockade after full implementation of the U.N.-brokered cease fire.
• On 6 September 2006 the Israeli government announced that it would lift the blockade the following day at 6:00 PM local time (3:00 PM GMT).
• On 7 September 2006 the aviation blockade was lifted.
• On 8 September 2006 the naval blockade was lifted.

International action and reaction

The conflict engendered worldwide concerns over infrastructure damage and the risks of escalation of the crisis, as well as mixed support and criticism of both Hezbollah and Israel. Governments of the United States, United Kingdom, GermanyAustralia, and Canada, asserted Israel's right to self-defense. The United States government further responded by authorizing Israel's request for expedited shipment of precision-guided bombs, but did not announce the decision publicly.

Spokespersons from the United Nations, the European Union, the Organization of Islamic Conference, and an assortment of human rights organizations condemned Israel for its disproportionate response to Hezbollah’s attacks.

Among neighboring Middle Eastern nations, Iran, Syria, and Yemen voiced strong support for Hezbollah, while the Arab League issued statements condemning both Hezbollah’s attack and Israel’s response.

Many worldwide protests and demonstrations appealed for an immediate ceasefire on both sides and expressed concern for the heavy loss of civilian life on all sides. Other demonstrations were held exclusively in favor of Lebanon or Israel. Numerous newspaper advertising campaigns, SMS and email appeals, and online petitions also occurred.

Various foreign governments assisted the evacuation of their citizens from Lebanon.

Prisoner exchanges

In October 2000, Hezbollah captured three IDF soldiers who were killed either during the operation or in its immediate aftermath at Shebaa Farms, and kidnapped an Israeli businessman and former army colonel Elchanan Tenenbaum in Kuwait. A prisoner swap was carried out on 29 January 2004: 30 Lebanese and Arab prisoners, the remains of 59 Lebanese militants and civilians, 400 Palestinian prisoners for Tenenbaum and the remains of the three soldiers. Hezbollah requested that maps showing Israeli mines in South Lebanon be included as part of the exchange. On 23 August 2006, one such mine killed an Israeli soldier in South Lebanon.

Media controversy

On 18 July 2006 Hezbollah Press Officer Hussein Nabulsi took CNN's Nic Robertson on an exclusive tour, also in Beirut. Robertson confirmed that Hezbollah designated the places that they went to, and that they "certainly didn't have time to go into the houses or lift up the rubble to see what was underneath." According to his reports, there was no doubt that the bombs were hitting Hezbollah facilities, and while there appeared to be "a lot of civilian damage, a lot of civilian properties," he reiterated that he couldn't verify the civilian nature of the destroyed buildings.

In the same interview aired on 23 July 2006, CNN's John Roberts, who was reporting from an Israeli artillery battery on the Lebanese border, stated that he had to take everything he was told—either by the Israeli Defense Force or Hezbollah—"with a grain of salt," citing mutual recriminations of civilian targeting which he was unable to verify independently.

Reuters withdrew over 900 photographs by Adnan Hajj, a Lebanese freelance photographer, after he admitted to digitally adding and darkening smoke spirals in photographs of an attack on Beirut.

See also

Template:Campaignbox Arab-Israeli conflict

• 2006 Israel-Gaza conflict
• Israel-United States relations
• History of Lebanon
• History of Israel
• Israel-Lebanon conflict
• May 17 Agreement 1980s prospective peace agreement
• Arab-Israeli conflict
• Multinational Force in Lebanon in 1982
• United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon - UNIFIL (1978-current)
• History of the Middle East
• Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict
• International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict
• Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics
• United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559
• United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701

References

1. "Arafat's 'fox' running rocket unit", Jerusalem Post, 29 July 2006; See also, "Imad Mughniyeh: Hezbollah's Phantom"
2. "Two Northern Command chiefs?", Ynetnews, 8 August 2006; See also, "IDF officials: Maj. Gen. Adam must quit post after war"; "Israel swaps commanders"; "Impatient Israel appoints new battle chief"; "New Israeli General Oversees Lebanon "; "Israel names new commander to head offensive"; "Israel changes command structure"
3. The International Institute For Strategic Studies (2006-07-21). "Agence France Presse - Lebanese army faces no-win situation". Retrieved 2006-08-01.
4. "Some 30,000 Israeli troops in Lebanon - army radio". Reuters via Yahoo! News Asia. 2006-08-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
5. ^ "Israeli offensive killed 1,287 in Lebanon: official tolls". Daily Star (Lebanon). 2006-08-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
6. "Analysis: Hezbollah's recovery timetable". UPI.
7. "3 Hizbullah members indicted in Israel". Ynetnews.
8. ^ "Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket attacks and IDF casualties". Israel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Cite error: The named reference "MFA" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
9. ^ "Humanitarian Assistance to Lebanon". United States Agency for International Development Disaster Assistance. 1 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
10. "Listing of all Israeli casualties in 2006 Lebanon war with a photo of each deceased person". Israel, Prime Minister's Office. unknown. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
11. "Listing of all Israeli casualties in 2006 Lebanon war with links to corresponding reports on the circumstances of their deaths". ynet.co.il. 14 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
12. "Some 1,300 Israelis hurt since fighting began". Ynetnews. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
13. AFP (2006). "Timeline of the July War 2006". Lebanon: The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 September. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
14. See, e.g., Yaakov Katz, "Halutz officers discuss war strategy," Jerusalem Post, Sept. 5, 2006, p. 2; ; ;
15. "Lebanese Premier Seeks U.S. Help in Lifting Blockade". Washington Post. 24 August 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
17. "Let's face it: Israel's refugees (in Hebrew)". Walla News. 2006-08-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
18. Pannell, Ian (9 September 2006). "Lebanon breathes after the blockade". BBC News. Retrieved 9 September 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
19. "Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (For the period from 21 January 2006 to 18 July 2006)". United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. July 21, 2006.
20. "Clashes Spread to Lebanon as Hezbollah Raids Israel". The New York Times. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
21. "Lebanon divided over Hezbollah raid". Al Jazeera. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
22. "Hezbollah kidnaps two Israeli soldiers". Yahoo! News. 12 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
23. Farrel, Stephen (2 August 2006). "The Times interview with Ehud Olmert: full transcript". The Times. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
24. "Press Conference with Hasan Nasrallah". UNDERSTANDING THE PRESENT CRISIS. UPC. 12 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
25. "Hizbullah leader calls for prisoner exchange". Al Bawaba. 12 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
26. ^ "The war in numbers". Jane's Defence Weekly. 23 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
27. "Mideast War, by the numbers". Guardian / Associated Press. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2006-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
28. "Lebanon Refuses Contact With Israel". Guardian / Associated Press. 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
29. "Amnesty report accuses Israel of war crimes". Guardian. 2006-08-23. Retrieved 2006-09-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
30. "Crayons, glass, litter floor of Lebanese school". Reuters AlertNet. 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-09-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
31. Fletcher, Martin (12 July 2006). "Regional tensions fuel Lebanon-Israel clashes". MSNBC. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
32. ^ Labott, Elise (12 July 2006). "Israel authorizes 'severe' response to kidnapped". CNN. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
33. Wright, Robin (19 July 2006). "Bush Supports Israel's Move Against Hezbollah". Washington Post. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
34. Alon, Gideon (13 July 2006). "Israel holds Lebanon government responsible for Hezbollah attack". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
35. ^ "Statement by Prime Minister Fouad Siniora". Daily Star (Lebanon) (registration required). 17 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
36. ^ Qawas, Nafez (13 July 2006). "Simiora's Cabinet makes clear it had nothing to do with 'what happened'". Daily Star (Lebanon) (registration required). Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
37. ^ Hasson, Nir (14 July 2006). "Israel targets Hezbollah stronghold in Beirut suburb". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
38. "Israel 'seizes' Hezbollah village". BBC News. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
39. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5215366.stm
40. "Soldier missing at UN border post, presumed dead". CTV television network. July 26, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
41. "Bint Jbeil: Hezbollah heartland". BBC News. 2006-07-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
42. Human Rights Watch puts Qana death toll at 28, Reuters, August 3, 2006.
43. KIFNER, John (23 August 2006). "What's in a Name? Not, It Seems, a Leader of Hezbollah in Lebanon". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
44. Greenberg, Hanan (12 August 2006). "Chief of staff: We tripled our forces in southern Lebanon". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
45. Katz, Yaakov (12 August 2006). "IDF troops advancing to Litani River". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
46. Greenberg, Hanan (16 August 2006). "IDF: Senior Hizbullah man killed before truce". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2006-08-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
47. "Mideast War, by the numbers". Guardian / Associated Press. 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2006-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
48. ^ "Hizballah's Rocket Campaign Against Northern Israel: A Preliminary Report". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. 2006-08-31. Retrieved 2006-09-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
49. "Hezbollah's rocket force". BBC. 2006-07-18. Retrieved 2006-09-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
50. ^ "Major Attacks in Lebanon, Israel and the Gaza Strip". New York Times. 14 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
51. Greenberg, Hannan (14 July 2006). "Woman, grandson killed in Meron rocket attack". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
52. "Long-range rocket lands near Jenin". Ynetnews. 2006-08-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
53. Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (2006). "Hizbollah rocket hits hospital" (Abstract). British Medical Journal. 333 (7561): 217-b-. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7561.217-b. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
54. "2 wounded in Hezbollah strike on Haifa". The News-Sentinel. 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
55. "Israel hammers at Lebanese infrastructure". The Associated Press. 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
56. Tal, Avraham (31 July 2006). "Justified, essential and timely". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-08-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
57. "Hezbollah rockets kill 9 in Israeli city". Associated Press. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
58. "Hizbullah: One of the rockets is a Ra'ad 1". Ynetnews. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
59. "Israeli Couple Weds in Bomb Shelter". Associated Press. 2006-07-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
60. "Katyusha rockets hit Galilee". Ynetnews. 2006-07-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
61. "Hezbollah leader vows 'open war'". BBC News. 07-15-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
62. "Israeli Attacks Increase; Hezbollah Vows 'Open War'". NPR. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
63. "Lebanese Hezbollah warns of rocket attacks at Tel Aviv if Beirut struck", People's Daily, 4 August 2005
64. Cite error: The named reference mabat was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
65. Raved, Ahiya (4 August 2006). "For first time: Hizbullah targets Hadera area". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2006-08-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
66. "24 soldiers killed in South Lebanon Saturday". Jerusalem Post. 2006-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
67. "Hizbullah's shallow victory". The Economist. 19 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
68. Syria and Iran claim victory over West
69. "With guns silent, wartime unity unravels in Israel". International Herald Tribune. 18/08/2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
70. Israeli war protests echo 1973
71. "Hizbullah's shallow victory". The Economist. 19 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
72. "Israeli MPs urge full war inquiry". BBC News. 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
73. "Hezbollah Leads Work to Rebuild, Gaining Stature". The New York Times. 16 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
74. "Nasrallah sorry for scale of war". BBC News. 27 August2006. Retrieved 2006-08-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
75. "Olmert: Mistakes made in Lebanon war". United Press International. 14 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
77. "Israel army chief admits failures". 24 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
78. "Stocks scandal spells doom of embattled Israeli army chief". Agence France-Presse. 16 August 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
79. ^ "Yoman", Israel Broadcasting Authority, 25 August 2006 Template:He icon
80. "Hundreds support protesting reservists", Ynetnews, 24 August 2006
81. "Olmert: An inquiry commission will not be formed, we do not have the luxury to submerge in investigating the past", Haaretz, 28 August 2006 Template:He icon
82. "Mabat", Israel Broadcasting Authority, 28 August 2006 Template:He icon
83. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/08/20060814-3.html
84. The army is back, but don't expect it to disarm Hizbollah
85. Lebanon and Israel: A chance for peace?
86. Civilian Deaths in Lebanon Provoke International Outcry, Israel Suspends Aerial Bombardment
87. Israeli strikes may boost Hezbollah base
88. West Asia war by numbers
89. Bloomberg
90. Between Victory and Defeat
91. Lebanon's fragile unity shatters - Kuwaittimes.net
92. "UN likely to cut request for Lebanon emergency aid". Reuters. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
93. "Lebanon says 1,000 dead or missing". Reuters. 2006-08-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
94. "Lebanon Reports 1,130 Dead". IsraelNationalNews. 2006-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
95. "War wiped out 15 years of Lebanese recovery - UNDP". The Daily Star. 24 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
96. Finer, Jonathan (8 August 2006). "Israeli Soldiers Find a Tenacious Foe in Hezbollah". Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved 2006-08-23. Israeli commanders say Hezbollah has obtained its sophisticated weaponry from its main backers, Syria and Iran… Hezbollah chooses to fight in and among civilian centers, making it difficult to target its fighters without killing bystanders. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
97. Cody, Edward (5 August 2006). "Israeli Warplanes Hit Lebanon's Christian Areas". Washington Post. p. A12. Retrieved 2006-08-23. An Israeli military spokesman, Capt. Jacob Dallal, said Israeli planes attacked a building in Qaa suspected of 'being used as a weapons depot of some sort'.…Israeli aircraft also hit Beirut's southern suburbs, at Ouzai near Beirut's international airport.…The targets were buildings with Hezbollah offices and other installations, they said. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
98. "Hizbullah attacks northern Israel and Israel's response". MFA. 2006-07-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
99. "Anxious northern Israel endures rocket fire". CNN. {{cite news}}: Text "date2006-07-14" ignored (help)
100. "Hizbullah leader promises enemy 'more surprises'". Islamic Resistance Lebanon. 17 July 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
101. "UN: Security Council must adopt urgent measures to protect civilians in Israel-Lebanon conflict". Amnesty International.
102. "Obligations under international humanitarian law of the parties to the conflict in Israel and Lebanon". Amnesty International. 26 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
103. "Deliberate destruction or "collateral damage"? Israeli attacks on civilian infrastructure". Amnesty International. 2006-08-23.
104. "U.N.: Open Independent Inquiry into Civilian Deaths". Human Rights Watch. 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
105. "Israeli Cluster Munitions Hit Civilians in Lebanon". Human Rights Watch. 2006-07-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
106. "Lebanon: Hezbollah Rocket Attacks on Haifa Designed to Kill Civilians". Human Rights Watch. 18 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
107. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/761781.html
108. "Inquiry Opened Into Israeli Use of U.S. Bombs". New York Times. 2006-08-24. Retrieved 2006-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
109. "Israel spewed cluster bombs over Lebanon in last days of war : UN". Yahoo News / AFP. 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-09-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
110. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5320422.stm
111. Verma, Sonia (August 5, 2006). "Hezbollah's deadly hold on heartland: Loved by many, accused by others of sacrificing civilians". CanWest Interactive. Retrieved 2006-08-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
112. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3278026,00.html
113. de Quetteville, Harry (28 July 2006). "You're all targets, Israel tells Lebanese in South". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
114. "ACRI calls for state inquiry into Lebanese civilian deaths". Association for Civil Rights in Israel. . Retrieved 2006-09-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
115. "Condoleezza Rice meets with Mid-East leaders (transcript)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2006-07-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
116. "Israel bombing breaks humanitarian law - UN official". Reuters. 23 July2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
117. "UN warning on Mid-East war crimes". BBC News. 2006-07-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
118. "UN sounds Lebanon oil spill alarm". Al Jazeera. 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
119. "Crisis talks on Lebanon oil spill". BBC News url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4798965.stm. 2006-08-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing pipe in: |publisher= (help)
120. "'Damage is done' to Lebanon coast". BBC News. 2006-08-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
121. "Middle East crisis: Facts and figures". BBC News.
122. "In pictures: Conflict enters fourth week: Picture 8: "Some Hezbollah rockets have started forest fires in Israel"". BBC News. 2006-08-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
123. Kraft, Dina (8 August 2006). "Dry Forests in Northern Israel Are Damaged as Hezbollah's Rocket Attacks Ignite Fires". The Environment. New York Times. Retrieved 2006-08-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
124. "More Press for JNF's Work in the North" (Press release). Jewish National Fund. 2006-08-09. Retrieved 2006-08-14.
125. "Lebanon says Bush to press Israel to limit attacks". Reuters. 2006-07-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
126. "Lebanese PM demands ceasefire". ABC News. 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
128. "Hezbollah wants an unconditional ceasefire". CTV.ca. 2006-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
129. "Israel sends instructions to Lebanon through Italy". Jerusalem Post. 2006-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
130. "U.N.: Cease-fire begins Monday". CNN. 2006-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
131. "U.N.: Cease-fire begins Monday". CNN. 12 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
132. "Israel to halt pullout unless Lebanon army deploys". Reuters. 16 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
133. "IDF: Hours after cease-fire, 4 clashes between Hezbollah and Israeli troops; 4 Hezbollah fighters killed". CNN.com. 14 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
134. "IDF: Israeli soldiers kill 3 Hezbollah fighters". CNN.com. 15 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
136. Janelle, Chantelle (18 August 2006). "Israel flies over Lebanon, but no airstrikes". WIS-TV. Retrieved 2006-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
137. Cite error: The named reference RockhitLeb was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
138. Four Hezbollah fighters killed in ceasefire breaches: UN - Agence France-Presse (via Yahoo!). 16 August 2006
139. ^ "Israel: Raid targets weapons transfer". CNN. 19 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
140. "Israeli Commando Dies in Lebanon Raid". The Associated Press. 19 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
141. Morales, Alex (20 August 2006). "Kofi Annan declares Israeli raid violation of ceasefire". CNN. Retrieved 2006-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
142. "UN will not stop Syria sending weapons to Lebanon". The Daily Telegraph. August 27, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
143. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5296314.stm
144. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060831/ap_on_re_mi_ea/mideast
145. Israel to lift Lebanon blockade
146. Dakroub, Hussein (9 September 2006). "Israel ends naval blockade of Lebanon". Toronto Star/AP. Retrieved 9 September 2006.
147. "Developments in Israel-Lebanon Crisis". Forbes. 07-13-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
148. Office of the Press Secretary (2006-07-13). "President Bush and German Chancellor Merkel Participate in Press Availability". The White House. Retrieved 2006-07-15. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
149. . German Foreign Office. 2006-07-13 http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Infoservice/Presse/Interview/2006/060713SteinmeierNahostIranZDF.html. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
150. Reuters (2006-07-22). "US Rushes Precision-Guided Bombs to Israel". Reuters. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
151. "Malignant Neglect". Front Page Magazine. 7-24-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
152. Fattah, Hassan M. (17 July 2006). "Arab League criticizes Hezbollah for attacks". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
153. "Arab League declares support for Lebanon, calls on UN to step in". Haaretz. 16 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
154. Press Association (28 July 2006). "Ads urge call for Lebanon ceasefire". The Guardian. Retrieved 2006-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
155. "Save the Lebanese Civilians Petition". E-petitions.net. 15 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
156. "Lebanon evacuation gathers pace". BBC News. 2006-07-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
157. "Factfile: Hezbollah". Aljazeera. 2006-07-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
158. "Israel, Hezbollah swap prisoners". CNN. 2004-01-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
159. "IDF soldier killed, two officers hurt, in South Lebanon". Haaretz. 2004-08-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
160. "CNN RELIABLE SOURCES, Coverage of Mideast Conflict". CNN. 2006-07-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
161. Reuters withdraws all photos by Lebanese freelance, Reuters

External links

International organizations

• United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon, including deployment maps
• The International Committee of the Red Cross in Lebanon
• US Humanitarian Assistance to Lebanon

International media

• CNN - Crisis in the Middle East
• BBC News - Middle East Crisis in depth
• JURIST - Legal news and resources on the Middle East conflict
• MOSAIC - World news from the Middle East
• ABC News - The Middle East Conflict
• CTV News - Mideast Crisis
• New York Times - Interactive map
• The Guardian - Israel and the Middle East

Israeli media

• Yedioth Ahronoth - Israel at War
• Israel Insider - Security
• Haaretz - Lebanon crisis

Lebanese media

• Lebanese government - Lebanon under Siege
• Lebanon Live News

Hezbollah media

• Hezbollah TV station Al-Manar

• 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict