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MV Mavi Marmara

MV Mavi Marmara leaving Antalya for Gaza on May 22, 2010.
History
Comoros
Name	MV Mavi Marmara
Owner	IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)
Operator	IHH (İnsani Yardım Vakfı)
Builder	Türkiye Gemi Sanayii A.Ş.
Yard number	302
Completed	November 9, 1994
Homeport	Moroni, Comoros (2010). Previously Istanbul, Turkey
Identification	IMO number: 9005869
General characteristics
Class and type	Passenger ship
Tonnage	4,142 GT
Length	93 m (305 ft)
Beam	20 m (66 ft)
Draft	4 m (13 ft)
Installed power	4,400 kW
Propulsion	2
Speed	max. 9.9 knots (18.3 km/h; 11.4 mph)- avg. 7.2 knots (13.3 km/h; 8.3 mph)
Capacity	1,080 passengers

MV Mavi Marmara is a Comoros-flagged passenger ship, which was formerly owned and operated by İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co. Inc. on the line Sarayburnu, Istanbul-Marmara Island-Avşa Island in the Sea of Marmara. Built at the Golden Gate Shipyard by Turkish Shipbuilding Co. in 1994, the ship has a capacity of 1,080 passengers. It is best known for its participation in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla and the deadly confrontation that took place on it during the Gaza flotilla raid.

History

Gaza Freedom Flotilla

The MV Mavi Marmara was purchased in 2010 by the IHH, a Turkish NGO active as a charity organization in more than 115 countries. The group has represented its Turkish language name in English in various ways, "IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation" among them. It has held Special Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 2004, and is endorsed by international figures that include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire.

The German IHH is classified in Israel and Holland as a terrorist organization. Much of their money goes to the Union of Good, which is designated as a Specially Designated Terrorist Group by the US Office of Foreign Asset Control and banned by Executive Order 13224. In 2010, the US State Department expressed great concern over the group's links with senior Hamas officials. Israel's Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, an NGO with close ties to the Israeli Defense Forces, along with multiple Israeli governmental officials have alleged that the IHH supports terrorism, has smuggled arms on behalf of terrorist groups, and has links to al-Qaeda and other Jihadist groups. The IHH denies these claims, and Greta Berlin, a director of the Free Gaza Movement, called the claims "utterly scurrilous", characterizing them as an attempt by the Israeli government to discredit the movement.

However, IHH Turkey has denied any links to the group in Germany and, as of 2016, continues to work on projects in Gaza. Turkish legal authorities are investigating allegations that one of the key figures behind the May 2010 Gaza flotilla, Fehmi Bülent Yıldırım, was involved in transferring funds to al-Qaida, the Turkish daily Habertürk reported on June 15, 2012.

The IHH acquired the Mavi Marmara at a cost of $800,000, to be defrayed by public donations, as no shipowner was willing to risk their vessel on the journey. The ship took part in a flotilla of ships operated by activist groups from 37 different countries with the intention of directly confronting the Israeli blockade over Gaza. On May 30, 2010, while in international waters and en route to Gaza, Israeli Naval Forces communicated that a naval blockade over the Gaza area was in force and ordered the ships to follow them to Ashdod Port or to be boarded. The ships declined and were boarded in international waters. The boarding started at 2 am on May 31, 2010, and was completed by 8 am. Reports from journalists on the ship and from the UN report on the incident concluded that the Israeli military opened fire with live rounds before boarding the ship.

Violent incident

Israeli commandos forcibly boarded the ship by helicopter while it was in international waters on 31st May 2010. Passengers on the ship resisted the landing, and in the clash that ensued, the Israeli commandos killed nine activists, with a tenth dying later from injuries sustained during the boarding, while Israel claimed that ten of its soldiers were also injured.

The incident was investigated by several organisations.

The U.N. Human Rights Commission in its report concluded that "a series of violations of international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law, were committed by the Israeli forces during the interception of the flotilla and during the detention of passengers in Israel prior to deportation." Israel rejected the report, claiming it was one-sided and biased.

Israel's own report on the actions taken by its military found that the Israeli military operated in conformity with international humanitarian law. In addition, a vessel "that attempts to breach a blockade is subject to international law governing the conduct of hostilities: international humanitarian law, including the rules governing use of force". A Polish authority on admiralty law, Professor Andrzej Makowski of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia, also upheld this view in an extensive article in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs in May 2013.. However, Amnesty International found this report to be a "whitewash".

Turkey's report, conducted by the Turkish National Committee of Enquiry, found amongst the crimes committed by the Israeli military that "the killing of nine civilian passengers on the Mavi Marmara was first and foremost a violation of the right to life enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and also in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) to which Israel has been a party since 1991. International law was also violated as a result of mistreatment of injured and other passengers on board of the Mavi Marmara and in Ashdod by the Israeli forces and officials."

The International Criminal Court's preliminary investigations found that "there is a reasonable basis to believe that war crimes were committed by some members of the Israel Defence Forces during and after the boarding of the Mavi Marmara on 30 May 2010; however, no potential case arising from this situation can, legally speaking, be considered of "sufficient gravity" under the Rome Statute to be admissible before this Court, therefore barring the opening of an investigation."

No humanitarian aid

The Mavi Marmara was a passenger ship and did not carry any humanitarian aid, though other ships (four of the six in the convoy) did carry aid supplies. Israel said that they found knives, metal and wood sticks in the ship. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs informed, that the humanitarian aid found, was scattered and thrown onto piles and not packed properly for transport, i.e. on wooden bases, and some of the equipment was crushed by the weight in transit. Medicines had already expired, or expired soon after the unloading, and a large part of the equipment (shoes, clothing) was worn and second hand, sterile equipment was carelessly wrapped.

Release and return home

The Israeli government decided on July 23, 2010, to release the three ships of the Gaza Freedom flotilla, two of which had been moored at the Port of Haifa and the third at the Port of Ashdod since their interception. Three Turkish tugboats were dispatched to bring the ships back to Turkey. The Mavi Marmara was towed by the Ocean Ergun in a two-day ride to the Port of Iskenderun, arriving an August 7, 2010.

Nobody was permitted to board the Mavi Marmara due to investigations underway by the public prosecutor, but broken windows and bullet holes on the glass of the pilothouse were visible in pictures released. The IHH emblem on the ship's port side was painted over in white. According to Turkish news, forensic teams identified some 250 bullet holes in the ship, many of which they claim were painted or plastered over by Israel. The ship returned to Istanbul harbour on December 26, 2010, in a welcoming ceremony attended by thousands.

Freedom Flotilla II

A coalition of 22 NGOs announced on May 9, 2011, that a "Freedom Flotilla II" was planned for the third week of June 2011. The Financial Times reported on June 17, 2011, that the Mavi Marmara would not be sailing, as previously announced. The IHH said that after damage caused last year to the ship, that it was not in a position to put to sea. The group stressed that it would still be part of the new flotilla; members of the group will board other ships in the effort.

Ship's registry

• ex MS Beydağı

Sister ships

• MS TDI Karadeniz, since renamed MS Dream.

References

1. ^ "Turkish rights group's cargo ship to set sail with Gaza aid". Hürriyet. May 13, 2010.
2. ^ "Mavi Marmara" (in Turkish). Türk Gemileri. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
3. ^ "Detay Gemi Listesi" (PDF) (in Turkish). Izmir Maritime Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) |
4. ^ "MS Mavi Marmara". Digital Seas. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
5. ^ "M/S Mavi Marmara" (in Turkish). Marine Traffic. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
6. ^ "Mavi Marmara Yolcu Gemisi" (in Turkish). IDO. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved May 31, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
7. "İsrail 'uluslararası suları' kabul etti". June 1, 2010.
8. ^ "Profile: Free Gaza Movement". BBC News. BBC. June 1, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
9. "IHH Statement Regarding The Israeli Report". Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation continues to insist on its request for an international probe to independently investigate the Israeli attack on Mavi Marmara. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
10. "Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief, The". NGO Branch, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
11. "List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2009" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
12. ^ Spencer, Richard (May 31, 2010). "Gaza flotilla: the Free Gaza Movement and the IHH". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
13. Benjamin Weinthal (May 1, 2011). "Dutch government places IHH on terror list". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
14. HP-1267 Treasury Designates the Union of Good Archived November 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine US Treasury, November 12, 2008
    • Specially Designated Global Terrorist list Archived September 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
    • Hilary Krieger (March 6, 2010). "US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
    • "Portrait of IHH". Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on May 30, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
    • Jonathan Schanzer (May 31, 2010). "The Terror Finance Flotilla". The Weekly Standard. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
    • DPA (July 12, 2010). "Germany outlaws charity over alleged Hamas links". Haaretz. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
15. "US concerned over IHH-Hamas ties". The Jerusalem Post. March 6, 2010.
16. "Turkey investigating IHH head for funding al-Qaida". The Jerusalem Post. June 15, 2010.
17. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/15session/A.HRC.15.21_en.pdf
    • http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2010/06/201063123021327499.html
    • Katz, Yaakov. "Navy commandos:'They came for war'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
    • "Details emerge of bloodshed aboard Gaza-bound ship". June 2, 2010. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
18. "Fifteenth session" (PDF). Human Rights Council.
19. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11393836
20. http://www.pmo.gov.il/English/Pages/turkel_committee.aspx
21. "The Mavi Marmara Incident and the Modern Law of Armed Conflict at Sea" (PDF). Israel Journal on Foreign Relations. May 2013.
22. https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/israeli-inquiry-gaza-flotilla-deaths-no-more-whitewash
23. http://www.mfa.gov.tr/data/Turkish%20Report%20Final%20-%20UN%20Copy.pdf
24. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=171130_OTP_Comoros
25. "Summary of equipment and aid aboard the Gaza flotilla". Israel MFA. June 7, 2010. Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
26. "Maj-Gen (res.) Eiland presents conclusions of examination team". GxMSDev. Archived from the original on November 24, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
27. Ronen, Gil (June 10, 2014). "It's Official: There was No Humanitarian Aid on Mavi Marmara". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
28. "Mavi Marmara gemisi Türkiye doğru yola çıkıyor". Hürriyet (in Turkish). August 4, 2010.
29. "'Mavi Marmara' İskenderun'da". Hürriyet (in Turkish). August 7, 2010.
30. Aktuğ, Ufuk (August 10, 2010). "Mavi Marmara'da 250 mermi izi çıktı" [250 bullet scars found on the Mavi Marmara]. Radikal (in Turkish). Retrieved January 19, 2014.
31. "Thousands greets Mavi Marmara aid ship". Today's Zaman. December 26, 2010.
32. Güsten, Susanne (May 11, 2011). "A Year After Israeli Raid, 2nd Flotilla to Set Sail for Gaza". The New York Times.
33. Tobias Buck (June 17, 2011). "Turkish flagship pulls out of Gaza flotilla". Financial Times. Retrieved June 3, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

External links

• Media related to Mavi Marmara (ship, 1994) at Wikimedia Commons
• U.S. Officials Doubt Israeli Claims About Terrorists in Gaza Flotilla, Newsweek (June 3, 2010)

• 1994 ships
• Gaza flotilla raid
• Passenger ships of Turkey
• Ships built in Istanbul