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1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election

← 1990 27 March 1994 (1994-03-27) (first round)2–10 April 1994 (second round) 1998 →
All 450 seats to the Verkhovna Rada 226 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	75.81% ( 8.88 pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Petro Symonenko Viacheslav Chornovil Serhii Dovhan [uk] Party KPU Rukh SelPU Leader since 19 June 1993 4 December 1992 25 January 1992 Leader's seat Krasnoarmiisk Podilskyi Velyka Oleksandrivka Seats won 86 20 19 Popular vote 3,683,332 1,491,164 794,614 Percentage 13.57% 5.49% 2.93%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Oleksandr Moroz Levko Lukianenko Slava Stetsko Party SPU URP KUN Leader since 26 October 1991 29 April 1990 18 October 1992 Leader's seat Tarashcha Novovolynsk Nadvirna Seats won 14 8 5 Popular vote 895,830 728,614 361,352 Percentage 3.30% 2.68% 1.33%   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Volodymyr Filenko [uk] Mykola Azarov Volodymyr Yavorivsky Party PDVU PP DPU Leader since 1 December 1990 September 1993 12 December 1992 Leader's seat Zhovtnevyi (lost) Petrovskyi Svitlovodsk Seats won 4 4 2 Popular vote 239,763 114,409 312,842 Percentage 0.88% 0.42% 1.15%
Results by region
Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada before election Ivan Plyushch Independent Elected Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Oleksandr Moroz SPU

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v t e

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 27 March 1994, with a second round between 2 and 10 April. These were the first parliamentary elections in Ukraine as an independent state. A total of 15 political parties won seats, although a majority of deputies were independents. However, 112 seats were remained unfilled, and a succession of by-elections were required in July, August, November and December 1994 and more in December 1995 and April 1996. Three hundred (300) seats or two thirds (2/3) of the parliament were required to be filled for the next convocation.

In what were the first elections held after Ukraine broke away from the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of Ukraine emerged as the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 86 of the 338 seats decided in the first two rounds. This election was the result of a compromise between the President and the Verkhovna Rada, which was reached on 24 September 1993 because of a political crisis caused by mass protests and strikes particularly from students and miners. On that day, the Rada adopted a decree to organize parliamentary elections ahead of schedule, and ahead of scheduled presidential elections in June.

Electoral system (50% rule)

As in the previous this election took place according to the majoritarian electoral system in 450 electoral districts containing several precincts. Each region was assigned a proportion of districts depending on its population. Hence the most mandates were received by the more populated eastern regions of Ukraine, particularly the regions of Donets basin such as Donetsk Oblast and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.

In order to be elected a candidate needed to obtain more than 50% of votes and in order for the election to be valid more than 50% of registered voters needed to vote. If no candidate obtained more than 50% in the first round, the top two candidates were listed on the ballot in the second round. In the second round the 50% rule was applied as well. Reelections were called if the 50% votes in the second round was not met.

Because of those conditions several districts in the Verkhovna Rada were left not represented for a whole convocation. Particularly acute that problem was in the city of Kyiv that was assigned 23 mandates, while in the parliament only 10 representatives for Kyiv participated in the second convocation - less than a half. Kyiv became the most under represented region.

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Communist Party of Ukraine	3,683,332	13.57	86
	People's Movement of Ukraine	1,491,164	5.49	20
	Socialist Party of Ukraine	895,830	3.30	14
	Peasant Party of Ukraine	794,614	2.93	19
	Ukrainian Republican Party	728,614	2.68	8
	Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists	361,352	1.33	5
	Democratic Party of Ukraine	312,842	1.15	2
	Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine	239,763	0.88	4
	Liberal Party of Ukraine	173,503	0.64	0
	Ukrainian National Assembly	148,239	0.55	1
	Party of Labor	114,409	0.42	4
	Social Democratic Party of Ukraine	104,204	0.38	2
	Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine	100,007	0.37	1
	Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party	99,028	0.36	2
	Toiling Congress of Ukraine	83,702	0.31	0
	Civil Congress of Ukraine	72,473	0.27	2
	Party of Greens of Ukraine	71,946	0.27	0
	Social-National Party of Ukraine	49,483	0.18	0
	Ukrainian Party of Justice	40,414	0.15	0
	State Independence of Ukraine	24,722	0.09	0
	Party of Economic Revival	20,829	0.08	0
	Party of Slavic Unity of Ukraine	18,807	0.07	0
	Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists	16,766	0.06	0
	Ukrainian Party of Solidarity and Social Justice	12,847	0.05	0
	Constitutional Democratic Party of Ukraine	12,711	0.05	0
	Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party	11,827	0.04	0
	Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine	8,576	0.03	0
	Ukrainian National Conservative Party [uk]	6,668	0.02	0
	Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party	5,917	0.02	0
	Ukrainian Beer Lovers Party	1,806	0.01	0
	Party of Free Peasants of Ukraine	1,169	0.00	0
	Party of National Salvation of Ukraine	515	0.00	0
	Other parties	28,166	0.10	0
	Independents	14,894,269	54.87	168
Against all		2,512,118	9.26	–
Vacant				112
Total		27,142,632	100.00	450
Valid votes		27,142,632	93.71
Invalid/blank votes		1,821,350	6.29
Total votes		28,963,982	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		38,204,100	75.81
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Parliamentary factions

Blocs were formed in the Rada on 11 May 1994:

The political blocs formed in the Verkhovna Rada did not exactly represent a similar party. Such parties as the Peasant's Party of Ukraine (SelPU) and the Agrarians for Reform (AZR) (a breakaway group of former SelPU members) formed the Agrarians of Ukraine bloc. Although some of the deputies, especially from SelPU, joined the Socialist bloc. The Ukrainian Republican Party (URP), the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (CUN), and the Democratic Party of Ukraine (DemPU) has formed the electoral bloc Derzhavnist (Statehood).

• The left electoral blocs: Communists of Ukraine, Socialist bloc, and Peasant's Party of Ukraine
• The right electoral blocs: People's Movement of Ukraine and Derzhavnist
• The center electoral blocs: Interregional bloc, Social-Market Choice, Unity, and Agrarians for Reforms
• The centre-right electoral blocs: Reforms and Center

In February 1997 the following factions were present in parliament:

• The leftist: Communist of Ukraine (86 seats), Socialist Party of Ukraine (25 seats) and Peasant's Party of Ukraine (38 seats)
• The centrist: Constitutional Center (56 seats), Unity (37 seats), Intraregional Deputies Group (28 seats), Social-Market Choice (25 seats) and Independents (25 seats)
• The national democratic: Reforms and (29 seats) People's Movement of Ukraine (27 seats).

Elected members by constituency

Regional rankings

by party

Crimea (19)

• No party affiliation (11)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (7)
• Party of Economic Revival of Crimea (1)

Vinnytsia Region (16)

• No party affiliation (15)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (1)

Volyn Region (9)

• No party affiliation (7)
• Ukrainian Republican Party (1)
• Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)

Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)

• No party affiliation (25)
• Labor Party (3)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (3)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (1)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)
• Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (1)

Donetsk Region (48)

• Communist Party of Ukraine (24)
• No party affiliation (18)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (3)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
• Labor Party (1)
• Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)

Zhytomyr Region (12)

• No party affiliation (8)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (3)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Zakarpattia Region (11)

• No party affiliation (9)
• Social-Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)
• Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)

Zaporizhzhia Region (18)

• No party affiliation (8)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (7)
• Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (1)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Ivano-Frankivsk Region (13)

• No party affiliation (10)
• Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (2)
• Ukrainian Republican Party (1)

Kirovohrad Region (12)

• No party affiliation (6)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (4)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (1)
• Democratic Party of Ukraine (1)

Luhansk Region (23)

• Communist Party of Ukraine (14)
• No party affiliation (8)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)

Lviv Region (22)

• No party affiliation (10)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (5)
• Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (3)
• Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (2)
• Ukrainian Republican Party (1)
• Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party (1)

Mykolaiv Region (11)

• No party affiliation (5)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (5)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Odesa Region (23)

• No party affiliation (14)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (6)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (2)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)

Kyiv Region (17)

• No party affiliation (11)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (3)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)
• Ukrainian Republican Party (1)

Poltava Region (16)

• No party affiliation (13)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (2)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Rivne Region (10)

• No party affiliation (4)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (4)
• Ukrainian Republican Party (2)

Sumy Region (12)

• Communist Party of Ukraine (4)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (3)
• No party affiliation (3)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (1)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Ternopil Region (10)

• Ukrainian Republican Party (3)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (2)
• No party affiliation (2)
• Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (1)
• Ukrainian National Assembly (1)
• Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party (1)

Kharkiv Region (25)

• No party affiliation (16)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (6)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (2)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Kherson Region (10)

• Communist Party of Ukraine (5)
• No party affiliation (3)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Khmelnytskyi Region (13)

• No party affiliation (8)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (2)
• Ukrainian Republican Party (1)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (1)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Cherkasy Region (13)

• No party affiliation (8)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (3)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (2)

Chernivtsi Region (8)

• No party affiliation (5)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (1)
• Socialist Party of Ukraine (1)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Chernihiv Region (13)

• No party affiliation (8)
• Communist Party of Ukraine (3)
• Labor Party (1)
• Peasant Party of Ukraine (1)

Kyiv (11/23)

• No party affiliation (6)
• People's Movement of Ukraine (4)
• Ukrainian Republican Party (1)

Sevastopol (4)

• Communist Party of Ukraine (3)
• No party affiliation (1)

by nationality

Kyiv (11/23)

• Ukrainian (9)
• Russian (1)
• Bulgarian (1)

Sevastopol (4)

• Russian (2)
• Ukrainian (1)
• Not identified (1)

Crimea (19)

• Russian (9)
• Ukrainian (6)
• Jewish (2)
• Karaite (1)
• Not identified (1)

Vinnytsia Region (16/17)

• Ukrainian (14)
• Russian (1)
• Polish (1)

Volyn Region (8/9)

• Ukrainian (8)

Dnipropetrovsk Region (34)

• Ukrainian (28)
• Russian (4)
• Not identified (2)

Donetsk Region (47)

• Ukrainian (27→26)
• Russian (18→19)
• Adyghe (1)
• Jewish (1)

Zhytomyr Region (12/13)

• Ukrainian (10)
• Russian (1)
• German (1)

Zakarpattia Region (10)

• Ukrainian (8)
• Russian (1)
• Hungarian (1)

Zaporizhzhia Region (18)

• Ukrainian (12)
• Russian (6)

Ivano-Frankivsk Region (12/13)

• Ukrainian (10)
• Russian (1)
• Not identified (1)

Kyiv Region (16)

• Ukrainian (14)
• Russian (2)

Kirovohrad Region (10)

• Ukrainian (7→6)
• Russian (3)
• Not identified (0→1)

Luhansk Region (24)

• Ukrainian (12)
• Russian (10)
• Chuvash (1)
• Jewish (1)

Lviv Region (22/23)

• Ukrainian (22)

Mykolaiv Region (11)

• Ukrainian (7)
• Russian (4)

Odesa Region (21/23)

• Ukrainian (12→13)
• Russian (6→5)
• Jewish (1)
• Moldavian (1)
• Bulgarian (1)
• Not identified (1)

Poltava Region (16)

• Ukrainian (14)
• Russian (1)
• Belarusian (1)

Rivne Region (10)

• Ukrainian (9)
• Not identified (1)

Sumy Region (11/13)

• Ukrainian (11)

Ternopil Regin (10)

• Ukrainian (10)

Kharkiv Region (25/28)

• Ukrainian (14)
• Russian (8)
• Jewish (1)
• Polish (1)
• Not identified (1)

Kherson Region (9/11)

• Ukrainian (7)
• Belarusian (1)
• Not identified (1)

Khmelnytskyi Region (13)

• Ukrainian (12)
• Russian (1)

Cherkasy Region (13)

• Ukrainian (13)

Chernivtsi Region (8)

• Ukrainian (7)
• Romanian (1)

Chernihiv Region (12)

• Ukrainian (10)
• Russian (2)

Aftermath

Due to the low turnout, 112 seats remained vacant and later in the summer of 1994 (24 and 31 July and 7 August) 20 MPs were elected to the Rada. On 20 November and 4 December nine more MPs were elected.

On 30 May 1994 MP Roman Kuper died of a heart attack and Leonid Kravchuk was elected as his replacement on 25 September. On 15 July Leonid Kuchma surrendered his parliamentarian mandate after being elected President, and Vasyl Yevrukhov was elected in his place. On 21 August MP Vitaliy Yurkovsky died, and was replaced by Natalya Vitrenko.

References

1. ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1976 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Birch, Sarah (1995). "The Ukrainian parliamentary and presidential elections of 1994". Electoral Studies. 14 (1): 93–99. doi:10.1016/0261-3794(95)95775-6. ISSN 0261-3794.
3. ^ Parliamentary chronicles, The Ukrainian Week (30 November 2018)
4. Nohlen & Stöver, p1991
5. Against All Odds: Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine (UvA Proefschriften) by Max Bader, Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN 90-5629-631-0 (page 93)
6. Political parties of the world by Alan J. Day and Henry W. Degenhardt, 2002, John Harper Publishing, ISBN 978-0-9536278-7-5, Page 479
7. Contemporary Ukraine Dynamics of Post-Soviet Transformation by Roman Solchanyk, M. E. Sharpe, May 1998, ISBN 0765602245 (page 26)
8. membership was annulled on June 13, 1996

External links

• Parliamentary and Presidential Elections of 1994 Analitik (in Ukrainian)
• Elections in Ukraine Kandydat (in Ukrainian)
• Elections in contemporary Ukraine Tomenko (in Ukrainian)
• List of deputies

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See also: Elections and referendums in Crimea

• Parliamentary elections in Ukraine
• 1994 elections in Europe
• 1994 elections in Ukraine
• March 1994 events in Europe
• 2nd Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada