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44th Parliament of Canada
Minority parliament
22 November 2021 – present
Parliament leaders
Prime Minister	Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau 4 Nov 2015 – present
Cabinet	29th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	Hon. Erin O'Toole 24 Aug 2020 – 2 Feb 2022
	Hon. Candice Bergen 2 Feb 2022 – 10 Sep 2022
	Hon. Pierre Poilievre 10 Sep 2022 – present
Party caucuses
Government	Liberal Party
Opposition	Conservative Party
Recognized	Bloc Québécois
	New Democratic Party
	Independent Senators Group*
	Canadian Senators Group*
	Progressive Senate Group*
Unrecognized	Green Party
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	Hon. Anthony Rota 5 Dec 2019 – 27 Sep 2023
	Louis Plamondon (interim) 27 Sep 2023 – 3 Oct 2023
	Hon. Greg Fergus 3 Oct 2023 – present
Government House Leader	Hon. Mark Holland 26 Oct 2021 – 26 Jul 2023
	Hon. Karina Gould 26 Jul 2023 – present
Opposition House Leader	Gérard Deltell 2 Sep 2020 – 4 Feb 2022
	John Brassard 5 Feb 2022 – 12 Sep 2022
	Andrew Scheer 13 Sep 2022 – present
Members	338 MP seats List of members
Senate
Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the Senate	Hon. George Furey 3 Dec 2015 – 12 May 2023
	Hon. Raymonde Gagné 12 May 2023 – present
Government Senate Rep.	Hon. Marc Gold 24 Jan 2020 – present
Opposition Senate Leader	Hon. Don Plett 5 Nov 2019 – present
Senators	105 senator seats List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch	Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952 – 8 Sep 2022
	Charles III 8 Sep 2022 – present
Governor General	HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon 26 Jul 2021 – present
Sessions
1st session 22 November 2021 – present
← 43rd → 45th

The 44th Canadian Parliament is the session of the Parliament of Canada which began on 22 November 2021, with the membership of the House of Commons, having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day.

It is led by a Liberal Party minority government under the premiership of Justin Trudeau. Six months into the first session on 22 March 2022 it was announced that the New Democratic Party would henceforth support the government with confidence and supply measures. The support was contingent on the government implementing a pharmacare program and a dental care program. The temporary Canada Dental Benefit was established in December 2022, and the permanent Canadian Dental Care Plan began rolling out in December 2023. The NDP ended their confidence and supply arrangement with the Liberal government, on 4 September 2024.

Current leadership of the House of Commons

Presiding officer

Office	Photo	Party	Officer	Riding	Since
Speaker of the House of Commons		Liberal	Greg Fergus	Hull—Aylmer	3 October 2023

Government leadership (Liberal)

Office	Photo	Officer	Riding	Since
Leader		Justin Trudeau	Papineau	14 April 2013
House Leader		Karina Gould	Burlington	26 July 2023
Whip		Steven MacKinnon	Gatineau	28 October 2021
Caucus Chair		Brenda Shanahan	Châteauguay—Lacolle	28 November 2021

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

Office	Photo	Officer	Riding	Since
Leader		Pierre Poilievre	Carleton	10 September 2022
Deputy Leaders		Melissa Lantsman	Thornhill	10 September 2022
		Tim Uppal	Edmonton Mill Woods
House Leader		Andrew Scheer	Regina—Qu'Appelle	13 September 2022
Deputy House Leader		Luc Berthold	Mégantic—L'Érable	13 September 2022
Whip		Kerry-Lynne Findlay	South Surrey—White Rock	13 September 2022
Deputy Whip and question period Coordinator		Chris Warkentin	Grande Prairie-Mackenzie	13 September 2022
Caucus Chair		Scott Reid	Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston	13 September 2022
Caucus Party Liaison		Eric Duncan	Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry	13 September 2022
Caucus Committee Coordinator		Jake Stewart	Miramichi—Grand Lake	13 September 2022
Québec Lieutenant		Pierre Paul-Hus	Charlesbourg-Haute-Saint-Charles	13 September 2022

House Committees

Joint Committees

Current leadership of the Senate

Presiding officer

Office	Photo	Party	Officer	Province	Since
Speaker of the Senate		Non-affiliated	Raymonde Gagné	Manitoba	12 May 2023

Government leadership (non-affiliated)

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

Office	Photo	Officer	Province	Since
Leader of the Opposition		Don Plett	Manitoba	5 November 2019
Deputy leader of the Opposition		Yonah Martin	British Columbia	November 2015
Whip of the Opposition		Judith Seidman	Quebec	N/A
Deputy Whip of the Opposition		Leo Housakos	Quebec	N/A
Chair of the Conservative Caucus		Rose-May Poirier	New Brunswick	December 2019

Senate Committees

Timeline

2021

• 20 September – In the 44th Canadian federal election, the incumbent Liberal Party wins the most seats in the House of Commons, but fails to reach a majority government.
• 26 October – The new Ministry is sworn in, the first overseen by Governor General Mary Simon.
• 22 November – Opening of the 44th Parliament, and re-election of the Honourable Anthony Rota as Speaker of the House of Commons.

2022

• 2 February – Erin O'Toole is removed as the leader of the Conservative Party, and consequently as the Leader of the Official Opposition, in a caucus vote.
• 21 February – The House of Commons votes to confirm the Emergencies Act, with 185 for and 151 opposing the motion. The act was invoked in relation to the convoy protests in Ottawa and at border points.
• 23 February – The equivalent Emergencies Act confirmation motion in the Senate is withdrawn without a vote by Representative of the Government in the Senate, Marc Gold, following the revocation of the Emergencies Act by the government earlier that day.
• 22 March – The Liberal Party and New Democratic Party announce a confidence-and-supply agreement that will see the NDP support the Liberals on confidence motions (including budgets) until 2025 in exchange for Liberal support of certain NDP policies.
• 10 September – The 2022 Conservative Party leadership election concludes. Pierre Poilievre is elected as the new Conservative leader.
• 19 November – The 2022 Green Party leadership election concludes. MP and former leader Elizabeth May is once again announced as the new leader of the Green Party of Canada, in partnership with Jonathan Pedneault, who is named as the de jure deputy leader of the Greens.

2023

• 31 March – Former Conservative Party leader Erin O'Toole announces that he will resign as Member of Parliament for Durham at the end of the spring season of the House of Commons and not seek re-election.
• 26 July – The Liberal government holds a major cabinet reshuffle.
• 26 September – After pressure from government cabinet ministers and Opposition parliamentary leaders, the Speaker of the House of Commons, Liberal MP Anthony Rota, announces that he will resign from that position effective 27 September 2023, after erroneously inviting to the House gallery and honouring a 98-year-old Ukrainian war veteran, Yaroslav Hunka, who was found to have served in the armed forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Rota's invitation of Hunka took place during a state visit and parliamentary address by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
• 27 September – The members of the House of Commons unanimously nominate the Dean of the House, Bloc Québécois MP Louis Plamondon, as their interim Speaker to temporarily succeed Anthony Rota after his resignation, until a permanent successor is chosen by a ballot of MPs in the following week.
• 3 October – Liberal MP Greg Fergus is elected speaker of the House of Commons. He is the first person of colour to be elected speaker.

2024

• 16 January – Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett for Toronto—St. Paul's resigns her seat.
• 1 February – Liberal MP David Lametti for LaSalle—Émard—Verdun resigns his seat.
• 31 March – NDP MP Daniel Blaikie for Elmwood—Transcona resigns his seat.
• 30 April Opposition leader Pierre Poilievre was ejected from the House of Commons after referring to Trudeau as a "wacko prime minister", when criticizing Trudeau's past support for British Columbia's decriminalization of hard drug use in public spaces. After Poilievre refused to withdraw the adjective, House Speaker Greg Fergus removed Poilievre from the chamber on the grounds that he used unparliamentary language.
• 27 May – Liberal MP John Aldag for Cloverdale—Langley City resigns his seat.
• 28 May - The House of Commons votes 168 to 142 against a motion to remove Greg Fregus as speaker. The Liberals, Greens, and New Democrats voted against removing him, while the Bloc Québécois and Conservatives voted in favour of removing him.
• 24 June – Conservative MP Don Stewart is elected as the new member for Toronto—St. Paul's following a by-election, in a pickup of the seat from the Liberals.
• 31 August – Liberal MP Andy Fillmore for Halifax resigns his seat.
• 4 September – The New Democratic Party ends their confidence-and-supply agreement with the Liberals.
• 16 September – NDP MP Leila Dance is elected as the new member for Elmwood—Transcona, retaining the seat for her party, and Bloc Québécois MP Louis-Philippe Sauvé wins the riding of LaSalle—Émard—Verdun, in a pickup from the Liberals.
• 19 September – Liberal MP Pablo Rodriguez of Honoré-Mercier resigns his membership in the Liberal caucus and federal cabinet to sit as an independent MP while he runs for the leadership of the Quebec Liberal Party.
• 20 November - Minister of Employment, Workforce Development, and Official Languages Randy Boissonnault resigns from Cabinet due to allegations of falsely claiming he was of Cree ancestry. He remains the MP for Edmonton Centre.
• 9 December - Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government survives a third motion of no confidence, with the Conservatives and Bloc Québécois voting for the motion, and the Liberals, NDP, and Greens opposed.
• 16 December
  • Minister of Housing, Infrastructure, and Communities Sean Fraser vows to not seek re-election and ends his role as minister in the next Cabinet shuffle.
  • Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland resigns from the federal Cabinet but remains an MP.
  • Conservative MP Tamara Jansen is elected as the new member for Cloverdale—Langley City in a by-election, resulting in a pickup from the Liberal Party, retaking the riding and seat after her earlier defeat in the 2021 federal election.

Changes in MPs

Membership changes

House of Commons

1. The New Democratic Party provided confidence and supply for the Liberal Party government, from March 2022 to September 2024.
2. ^ The Liberals briefly fell to 157 seats on December 12, 2022, during the period between Jim Carr's death and Charles Sousa's by-election victory in Mississauga—Lakeshore. During this period the government majority shrunk to -22, and the number of vacant seats rose to 2.
3. ^ The Liberal and New Democratic (NDP) parties reach a confidence and supply agreement on 22 March 2022.
4. ^ The New Democratic Party rescinds its confidence and supply agreement with the Liberal Party on September 4, 2024.

Senate

Party standings

Standings in the 44th Canadian Parliament

Affiliation		House members			Senate members
		2021 election results	Current	+/–	On election day 2021	Current	+/–
	Liberal	160	153	7	–	–
	Conservative	119	120	1	18	12	6
	Bloc Québécois	32	33	1	–	–
	New Democratic	25	25		–	–
	Green	2	2		–	–
	Independent	0	4	4	9	12	3
	Indep. Senators	–	–		40	41	1
	Progressive Senate Group	–	–		14	14
	Canadian Senators Group	–	–		13	18	5
Total members		338	337	1	94	97	3
	Vacant	–	1	1	11	8	3
Total seats		338		–	105		–

Legislation

With the Liberal Party and NDP entering into a confidence and supply agreement on budgetary items and motions of confidence, the final component of the 2021 budget (Bill C-8) was adopted in June 2022. Among other provisions, Bill C-8 enacted the Underused Housing Tax Act, created a new tax credit to return carbon tax paid by farmers, created the COVID-19 Air Quality Improvement Tax Credit, and expanded both the School Supplies Tax Credit and the northern residents deduction amount. Similarly, the 2022 budget was implemented in Bills C-19 and C-32. Among other provisions, Bill C-19 doubled the Home Accessibility Tax Credit, created the Labour Mobility Deduction for tradespeople, made vaping products subject to excise duties, removed excise duties from low-alcohol beer, removed the excise duty exemption that had applied to Canadian wine as directed by the WTO, and amended the Copyright Act as agreed to in the Canada-United States–Mexico Agreement, and criminalized Holocaust denial. Bill C-19 also enacted the Civil Lunar Gateway Agreement Implementation Act; the Prohibition on the Purchase of Residential Property by Non-Canadians Act; and the Select Luxury Items Tax Act to create a new sales tax applicable to luxury cars, planes and boats; and also repealed the Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act. Bill C-32 created the First Home Savings Account as a new registered savings plan and the Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit; made income derived from house-flipping into business income for taxation purposes; created a temporary 15% tax on the taxable income of banks that exceeded $1 billion; and, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, increased maximum financial assistance that can be provided to foreign states from US$5 billion to C$14 billion. In other legislation, Bill C-11 adopted the Online Streaming Act and Bill C-18 adopted the Online News Act.

On healthcare, the Canada Dental Benefit was created with Bill C-31 with the Liberals, NDP and Green Party in support, and Conservatives and Bloc opposed. With all party support, Bill C-10 directed $2.5 billion be paid for COVID testing purposes; Bill C-12 amended guaranteed income supplements to exclude payments received from the Emergency Response Benefit, the Recovery Benefit and the Worker Lockdown Benefit. With both the NDP and Conservatives opposing, Bill C-2 enacted the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit Act and extended various other COVID-related benefit programs. On public safety and crime, with all party support, Bill C-3 inserted a new offence into the Criminal Code regarding intimidation of a person seeking health services and obstruction of lawful access to a place at which health services are provided. Bill C-28 was adopted in response to R v Brown (2022) addressing self-induced extreme intoxication.

See also

• 2021 Canadian federal budget
• 2022 Canadian federal budget
• 2023 Canadian federal budget
• 2024 Canadian federal budget
• Affordable Housing and Groceries Act, Bill C-56
• Countering Foreign Interference Act, Bill C-70
• Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada
• Online Streaming Act, Bill C-11
• Women in the 44th Canadian Parliament

Notes

References

1. Blatchford, Andy (22 March 2022). "Trudeau will be prime minister until 2025". POLITICO.
2. Scherer, Steve; Shakil, Ismail (22 March 2022). "Canada's Trudeau strikes surprise deal to keep power until 2025". Reuters. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
3. Wilson, Jim (19 January 2024). "11.4 million uninsured Canadians to be excluded from national public dental care plan: Report". Canadian HR Reporter. KM Business Information Canada. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
4. Rachini, Mouhamad (12 December 2023). "Canada's new dental care plan could impact nearly 9 million Canadians — are you one of them?". CBC News. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
5. "List of Committees". www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
6. Tasker, John Paul (20 September 2021). "Canadians have re-elected a Liberal minority government". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
7. Catharine Tunney (25 October 2021). "Anand to defence, Joly to foreign affairs: Trudeau announces major cabinet shakeup". CBC. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
8. "NewsAlert: MPs re-elect Liberal Anthony Rota to be House of Commons Speaker". INFOnews. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
9. Tasker, John Paul (2 February 2022). "Conservative MPs vote to remove Erin O'Toole as leader". CBC News. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
10. Major, Darren (21 February 2022). "Emergencies Act passes crucial House of Commons vote with NDP support". CBC News. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
11. "MOTION TO CONFIRM THE DECLARATION OF A PUBLIC ORDER EMERGENCY WITHDRAWN" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Canada: Senate of Canada. 23 February 2022. p. 686.
12. Aiello, Rachel (22 March 2022). "Liberals, NDP agree to confidence deal seeing Trudeau government maintain power until 2025". CTV News. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
13. Tasker, John Paul (10 September 2022). "Conservative members pick MP Pierre Poilievre to be their new leader". CBC News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
14. "Leadership Contest Announcement".
15. "Former Conservative leader Erin O'Toole not seeking re-election, leaving this spring". ctvnews.ca. 31 March 2023. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023.
16. @erinotoole (31 March 2023). "A statement from the Hon. Erin O'Toole, P.C., C.D., M.P." (Tweet). Archived from the original on 31 March 2023 – via Twitter.
17. "Trudeau overhauls his cabinet, drops 7 ministers and shuffles most portfolios". CBC. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
18. ^ "Anthony Rota resigns as Speaker after honouring Ukrainian veteran who fought with Nazi unit". CBC News. 26 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
19. "Liberal MP Greg Fergus elected Speaker of the House of Commons". CBC. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
20. Tasker, John (30 April 2024). "Speaker kicks Poilievre out of the Commons after he calls PM a 'wacko' in tense question period exchange". CBC News. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
21. "House of Commons Speaker Greg Fergus survives vote calling for his ouster". CTVNews. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
22. "Finance minister Chrystia Freeland quits cabinet hours before economic update". CTV News. 16 December 2024.
23. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/federal-byelection-cloverdale-langley-city-1.7409872
24. Burke, Ashley (22 September 2021). "Expelled Liberal candidate says he'll sit as an Independent as angry voters call for byelection". CBC News.
25. "Mississauga Liberal MP resigns to work for United Nations less than a year after re-election". Mississauga.com. 19 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
26. "Sven Spengemann – Member of Parliament – Members of Parliament". House of Commons of Canada. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
27. "Liberal Charles Sousa wins federal byelection in Mississauga-Lakeshore, CBC News projects". CBC News. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
28. Connolly, Amanda; Boutilier, Alex. "Quebec MP Alain Rayes leaves Conservative caucus after Poilievre victory". Global News. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
29. Elections Canada (16 December 2022). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Winnipeg South Centre". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
30. Elections Canada (5 January 2023). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Calgary Heritage". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
31. Elections Canada (2 February 2023). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Oxford". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
32. Elections Canada (2 March 2023). "A By-Election Will Take Place in Portage–Lisgar". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
33. Elections Canada (10 March 2023). "A By-Election Will Take Place in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce–Westmount". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
34. Catharine Tunney (22 March 2023). "MP Han Dong leaving Liberal caucus, denies allegations of working against release of 2 Michaels". CBC News. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
35. "Carolyn Bennett, longtime Liberal MP and cabinet minister, stepping down | Globalnews.ca".
36. Merkowsky, Clare Marie (26 January 2024). "Trudeau's former Justice Minister resigns from Parliament days after Emergencies Act ruling".
37. Kives, Bartley (28 February 2024). "Winnipeg MP Daniel Blaikie resigning from Elmwood-Transcona seat to work for Manitoba premier". CBC News.
38. Paas-Lang, Christian (19 May 2024). "Liberal MP John Aldag announces resignation, looks to run for provincial NDP in B.C."
39. "Standings in the Senate". Senate of Canada. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
40. Barton, Andrew; Capwell, Brett; Kachulis, Eleni; Léonard, André; Malo, Joëlle (12 January 2022). "Legislative Summary of Bill C-8: An Act to implement certain provisions of the economic and fiscal update tabled in Parliament on December 14, 2021 and other measures". Library of Parliament.
41. Barton, Andrew; Béchard, Julie; et al. (30 May 2022). "Legislative Summary of Bill C-19: An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on 7 April 2022 and other measures" (PDF). Library of Parliament.
42. Fleury, Sylvain; Blackshaw, Matthew; et al. (30 December 2022). "An Act to implement certain provisions of the Fall Economic Statement Tabled in Parliament on November 3, 2022 and Certain Provisions of the Budget Tabled in Parliament on April 7, 2022" (PDF). Library of Parliament.
43. Aiello, Rachel (17 November 2022). "A national dental-care benefit is now law; here's who is eligible". CTV News.
44. "Legislation to increase access to rapid testing across the country receives Royal Assent". Government of Canada. 4 March 2022.
45. "Legislation to support low-income seniors who received pandemic benefits receives royal assent". Government of Canada. 3 March 2022.
46. Kachulis, Eleni; Keenan-Pelletier, Michaela; Malo, Joëlle; Tiedemann, Marlisa; Yon, Adriane (1 February 2022). "Legislative Summary of Bill C-2: An Act to Provide Further Support in Response to COVID-19" (PDF). Library of Parliament.
47. "How Bill C-3 can work for you: What the anti-harassment law means for doctors". Canadian Medical Association. 12 January 2023.
48. Eñano, Katrina (28 June 2022). "Bill abolishing 'self-induced extreme intoxication' as legal defence receives royal assent". Canadian Lawyer. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

External links

• Members of 44th Parliament at Parliament of Canada

• 44th Canadian Parliament
• 2021 establishments in Canada
• Justin Trudeau
• Minority governments