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4C +28.07
The blazar 4C +28.07.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation	Aries
Right ascension	02 37 52.405
Declination	+28° 48′ 08.990″
Redshift	1.213000
Heliocentric radial velocity	363,648 km/s
Distance	8.270 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)	19.30
Characteristics
Type	Blazar, FRSQ
Other designations
CTD 20, LEDA 2820023, 2E 609, 4FGL J0237.8+2848, OHIO D 258, TXS 0234+285, S1 0234+28, QSO J0237+2848

4C +28.07 is a blazar located in the constellation of Aries. It has a redshift of 1.213 and was first discovered in 1970 as a compact astronomical radio source during an interferometer observation and designated as CTD 20. The radio spectrum of the source is considered flat, making it a flat-spectrum radio quasar. It is one of the brightest blazars observed in the gamma ray energy band.

Description

4C +28.07 is found variable on the electromagnetic spectrum. It is known to show intense gamma ray activity observed by Fermi Large Area Telescope on October 3, 2011. In additional to gamma ray activity, 4C +28.07 also shows near-infrared flares. Between 16 January 2013 and 13 March 2020, four strong gamma ray flares were observed by Fermi LAT, during the Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma-ray Bright Active Galactic Nuclei (iMOGABA) program.

A bright and rapid flare was detected in 4C +28.07 in October 2018. The flare lasted 30 minutes and its gamma ray flux reached a maximum peak of 6.7 ± 0.81 x 10 photon cm s. This flux is 31 times higher than the average flux. Furthermore, its spectrum, extended upwards to 316 GeV before hardening beyond 60 GeV.

Multiepoch Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) radio imaging at 22 GHz, 4C +28.07 shows a radio core and a prominent jet projecting northwards out by 3.5 mas from it, modelled by three main stationary components with one of them showing a complex structure both along it and in transverse direction. There is presence of extended emission and a diffused secondary component.

According to radio band observations by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the jet of 4C +28.07 is described having a one-sided structure on parsec scales. It has a jet speed of (10.11 ± 0.39)c implying superluminal motion and is suggested of a "kink" observed in 3C 273 with the jet jumping sideways and resuming its original position. When observed by Chandra X-ray observatory, the jet shows a sharp bend at a -90° position angle which subsequently terminates at a bright component within 3 mas.

The supermassive black hole in 4C +28.07 is estimated to be 1.65_-0.82 x 109 M_ʘ based on an optical spectroscopy conducted on flat-spectrum radio quasars.

References

1. Vlasyuk, V.V.; Moskvitin, A.S.; Spiridonova, O.I.; V.S., Bychkova (October 2018). "SAO RAS Observations of current brightening of [HB89] 0234+285 blazar". The Astronomer's Telegram. 12111: 1. Bibcode:2018ATel12111....1V.
2. Carrasco, L.; Escobedo, G.; Porras, A.; Recillas, E.; Mayya, D. (2021-12-01). "Significant NIR brightening of the Blazar 4C+28.07". The Astronomer's Telegram. 15084: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel15084....1C.
3. Costamante, L; Cutini, S; Tosti, G; Antolini, E; Tramacere, A (2018-05-03). "On the origin of gamma-rays in Fermi blazars: beyondthe broad-line region". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 477 (4): 4749–4767. arXiv:1804.02408. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty887. ISSN 0035-8711.
4. Kellermann, K. I.; Clark, B. G.; Jauncey, D. L.; Cohen, M. H.; Shaffer, D. B.; Moffet, A. T.; Gulkis, S. (1970-09-01). "High-Resolution Observations of Compact Radio Sources at 13 Centimeters". The Astrophysical Journal. 161: 803. Bibcode:1970ApJ...161..803K. doi:10.1086/150584. ISSN 0004-637X.
5. ^ Zargaryan, Davit; Mackey, Jonathan; Barnouin, Thibault; Aharonian, Felix (2021-12-04). "Multiwavelength observations of the Blazar 4C + 28.07". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 510 (1): 1118–1127. arXiv:2109.08752. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3538. ISSN 0035-8711.
6. Das, Avik Kumar; Prince, Raj; Gupta, Nayantara (October 2021). "Multi-Wavelength Study of 4C+28.07". The Astrophysical Journal. 920 (2): 117. arXiv:2107.10555. Bibcode:2021ApJ...920..117D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac178c. ISSN 0004-637X.
7. Sokolovsky, K. V.; D'Ammando, F.; Schinzel, F. K.; Kennea, J. A. (2011-10-01). "Swift follow up observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 4C +28.07". The Astronomer's Telegram. 3676: 1. Bibcode:2011ATel.3676....1S.
8. Carrasco, L.; Recillas, E.; Escobedo, G.; Porras, A.; Mayya, D.; Chavushyan, V. (2021-11-01). "Another Fast NIR Flare of the Blazar BZQJ0237+2848". The Astronomer's Telegram. 15031: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel15031....1C.
9. Carrasco, L.; Escobedo, G.; Recillas, E.; Porras, A.; Chavushyan, V. (2018-12-01). "Further NIR brightening of the high redshift the blazar BZQJ0237+2848". The Astronomer's Telegram. 12321: 1. Bibcode:2018ATel12321....1C.
10. Carrasco, L.; Porras, A.; Recillas, E.; Chavushyan, V.; Mayya, D. Y. (2017-02-01). "A NIR Flare of the QSO [HB89] 0234+285". The Astronomer's Telegram. 10034: 1. Bibcode:2017ATel10034....1C.
11. Nam, Myoung-Seok; Lee, Sang-Sung; Cheong, Whee Yeon (2023-11-01). "Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma-Ray Bright AGNs: 4C +28.07 and Its Synchrotron Self-Absorption Spectrum". Journal of Korean Astronomical Society. 56 (2): 231–252. arXiv:2311.15325. Bibcode:2023JKAS...56..231N. doi:10.5303/JKAS.2023.56.2.231. ISSN 1225-4614.
12. Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Marscher, Alan P.; Mattox, John R.; Wehrle, Ann E.; Bloom, Steven D.; Yurchenko, Alexei V. (June 2001). "Multiepoch Very Long Baseline Array Observations of EGRET-detected Quasars and BL Lacertae Objects: Superluminal Motion of Gamma-Ray Bright Blazars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 134 (2): 181–240. arXiv:astro-ph/0101570. Bibcode:2001ApJS..134..181J. doi:10.1086/320858. ISSN 0067-0049.
13. Dodson, R.; Fomalont, E. B.; Wiik, K.; Horiuchi, S.; Hirabayashi, H.; Edwards, P. G.; Murata, Y.; Asaki, Y.; Moellenbrock, G. A.; Scott, W. K.; Taylor, A. R.; Gurvits, L. I.; Paragi, Z.; Frey, S.; Shen, Z.-Q. (April 2008). "The VSOP 5 GHz Active Galactic Nucleus Survey. V. Imaging Results for the Remaining 140 Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 175 (2): 314–355. arXiv:0710.5707. Bibcode:2008ApJS..175..314D. doi:10.1086/525025. ISSN 0067-0049.
14. Kellermann, K. I.; Vermeulen, R. C.; Zensus, J. A.; Cohen, M. H. (April 1998). "Sub-Milliarcsecond Imaging of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astronomical Journal. 115 (4): 1295–1318. arXiv:astro-ph/9801010. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1295K. doi:10.1086/300308. ISSN 0004-6256.
15. Wehrle, Ann E.; Cohen, Marshall H.; Unwin, Stephen C.; Aller, Hugh D.; Aller, Margo F.; Nicolson, George (June 1992). "The milliarcsecond structure of highly variable radio sources". The Astrophysical Journal. 391: 589. Bibcode:1992ApJ...391..589W. doi:10.1086/171373. ISSN 0004-637X.
16. Marshall, H. L.; Gelbord, J. M.; Schwartz, D. A.; Murphy, D. W.; Lovell, J. E. J.; Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.; Perlman, E. S.; Godfrey, L.; Jauncey, D. L. (2011-03-01). "An X-ray IMAGING SURVEY OF QUASAR JETS: TESTING THE INVERSE COMPTON MODEL". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 193 (1): 15. arXiv:1101.5822. Bibcode:2011ApJS..193...15M. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/193/1/15. ISSN 0067-0049.
17. Shaw, Michael S.; Romani, Roger W.; Cotter, Garret; Healey, Stephen E.; Michelson, Peter F.; Readhead, Anthony C. S.; Richards, Joseph L.; Max-Moerbeck, Walter; King, Oliver G.; Potter, William J. (2012-03-05). "Spectroscopy of Broad-Line Blazars from 1Lac". The Astrophysical Journal. 748 (1): 49. arXiv:1201.0999. Bibcode:2012ApJ...748...49S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/748/1/49. ISSN 0004-637X.

External links

• 4C 28.07 on SIMBAD
• 4C 28.07 on NASA/IPAC Database

v t e Constellation of Aries
Aries in Chinese astronomy List of stars in Aries
Stars	Bayer α (Hamal) β (Sheratan) γ (Mesarthim) δ (Botein) ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ρ ρ σ τ τ Flamsteed 1 4 7 10 11 14 15 16 19 20 21 23 26 27 29 30 31 33 35 36 38 39 (Lilii Borea) 40 41 (Bharani) 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 59 60 62 64 65 66 54 Cet 85 Cet Variable TZ UX VZ (16 Tri) HR 577 728 803 952 999 HD 12661 20367 Other BD+20°307 HIP 14810 HAT-P-25 Teegarden's Star WASP-11/HAT-P-10 WD 0145+234
Exoplanets α Arietis b HD 12661 b c HIP 14810 b c d Teegarden's Star b c WASP-11b/HAT-P-10b
Galaxies	NGC 677 680 691 694 695 716 765 770 772 781 803 817 820 821 871 877 900 901 903 904 918 935 938 972 990 992 1024 1134 1156 Other 1ES 0229+200 3C 79 4C +28.07 AO 0235+164 IC 167 IC 1801 PSO J0309+27 Segue 2 UGC 2140
Galaxy clusters MS 0302+17
Astronomical events GRB 060218
Category

• Blazars
• Quasars
• Aries (constellation)
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1970
• 4C objects
• LEDA objects
• Active galaxies