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9K111 Fagot

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Anti-tank weapon
Fagot
9K111 Fagot in Russian service
TypeAnti-tank weapon
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1970–present
Used bySee Operators
Wars
Production history
DesignerTula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP)
Designed1962
Produced1970
VariantsSee Models
Specifications
Mass
  • 12.5 kg (28 lb) (missile weight)
  • 22.5 kg (50 lb) (9P135 launching post)
Length1,100 mm (3 ft 7 in)
Diameter120 mm (4.7 in)
Action400 mm versus RHA or 200 mm toward armour inclined at 60°
Rate of fire3 rds / min
Muzzle velocity
  • 80 m/s (180 mph; 290 km/h) at launch
  • 186 m/s (420 mph; 670 km/h) in flight speed
Effective firing range70–2,500 m (230–8,200 ft)
WarheadHigh-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead
Warhead weight1.7 kg (3.7 lb)
Guidance
system		SACLOS wire-guided missile

The 9K111 Fagot (Russian: Фагот; "bassoon") is a second-generation tube-launched semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) wire-guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union for use from ground or vehicle mounts. The 9K111 Fagot missile system was developed by the Tula KBP Design Bureau for Instrument Building. 9M111 is the designation for the missile. Its NATO reporting name is AT-4 Spigot.

Development

The 9K111 Fagot was developed by the Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP) and development began in 1962 with the aim of producing the next generation of SACLOS anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) for use in two roles: as man portable and tank destroyer. The 9K111 Fagot was developed alongside the 9M113 Konkurs; both missiles use similar technology, differing in size only, and can use the same launchers. The missile entered service in 1970.

History

The anti-tank platoon of a Soviet BTR equipped motor rifle battalion had two (sometimes three) ATGM squads, each with two 9K111 Fagot teams. The team consisted of three men; the gunner carries the 9P135 launcher and tripod as a back pack, and the other two men each carry two launch tubes. The men also carry assault rifles, but do not carry a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG), because unlike the earlier missiles there is only a small deadzone within which the missile cannot engage the target. Besides the four missiles carried by each team, each squad would normally have an extra eight missiles carried in their transport, usually a BTR. It can also be deployed from the BMP-1P, BMD-1P, BTR-D and UAZ-469.

North Korea was said to have acquired a number of the systems during the late 1980s until the 2000s. These were subsequently reverse-engineered under the designation Bulsae-2. It was advertised under designation AT-4MLB by North Korean proxy company GLOCOM, in brochure it was stated that it is controlled by laser beam guidance method, which was an upgrade designated Bulsae-3. Its use was first reported in 2014 in the ranks of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades and the Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades.

Description

The missile is stored and carried in a container/launch tube. It is fired from a 9P135 launcher post, a simple tripod. A 9S451 guidance box is fitted to the tripod with the missile sitting just above. The 9Sh119 sight is fitted to the left side (from the gunner's point of view). The complete launcher system weighs 22.5 kg (50 lb). The gunner lies prone while firing. The system can engage moving targets travelling at less than 60 km/h (37 mph). The launcher post can traverse through 360 degrees horizontally, and ±20 degrees in elevation. The sight has a magnification of 10× and a 5 degree field of view. Up to three missiles a minute can be fired from a launcher post.

The system uses a gas generator to push the missile out of the launch tube, with the gas exiting the rear of the launch tube in a manner similar to a recoilless rifle. The missile leaves the launch tube at 80 m/s (180 mph; 290 km/h), and is then quickly accelerated to 186 m/s (420 mph; 670 km/h) by its solid fuel motor. This initial high speed reduces the missile's deadzone, since it can be launched directly at the target, rather than in an upward arc.

The launcher tracks the position of an incandescent infrared bulb on the back of the missile relative to the target and transmits appropriate commands to the missile via a thin wire that trails behind the missile. The SACLOS guidance system has many benefits over manual command to line of sight (MCLOS), with the accuracy of the system stated as 90% in some sources, though its performance is probably comparable to the TOW or the later SACLOS versions of the 9M14 Malyutka.

Models

Slovenian army soldiers shooting a Fagot

Missile

  • 9M111 Fagot (NATO: AT-4 Spigot and AT-4A Spigot A) Entered service in 1970. Maximum range 2,000 m (6,600 ft; 1.2 mi), minimum 70 m (230 ft). Warhead 400 mm versus RHA or 200 mm toward armour inclined at 60°.
  • 9M111-2 Fagot (NATO: AT-4B Spigot B) Slightly improved version.
  • 9M111M Faktoriya/Faktoria (Trading post) or Fagot-M (NATO: AT-4C Spigot C) Improved motor, longer guidance wire. Maximum range 2,500 m (8,200 ft; 1.6 mi), minimum 75 m (246 ft). Improved single HEAT warhead; penetration 600 mm versus RHA or 230 mm toward armour inclined at 60° (some publications claimed 9M111M to have tandem HEAT warhead).
9M111/AT-4A 9M111-2/AT-4B 9M111M/AT-4C
Launch tube weight 13 kg (29 lb) 13 kg (29 lb) 13.4 kg (30 lb)
Range 75–2,000 m 75–2,500 m 75–2,500 m
Warhead HEAT, 400 mm RHA penetration HEAT, 460 mm RHA penetration HEAT, 600 mm RHA penetration

Launcher

  • 9P135 22.5 kg (50 lb). Can only fire the 9M111 Fagot series.
  • 9P135M Can fire the 9M111 Fagot (NATO: AT-4 Spigot) series as well as the 9K113 Konkurs (NATO: AT-5 Spandrel) series missiles.
  • 9P135M1 Updated version of the 9P135.
  • 9P135M2 Updated version of the 9P135.
  • 9P135M3 Deployed in the early 1990s. Adds 13 kg (29 lb) TPVP thermal imaging night sight – range 2,500 m (8,200 ft; 1.6 mi) at night.
  • 9S451M2 A launcher with a night sight featuring an anti-dazzle system has been developed.

Operators

Operators   Current  Former

Current operators

Former operators

Non-state actors

See also

References

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Sources

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