Misplaced Pages

A34
Newbury bypass, part of the A34 near Donnington
Route information
Part of E05
Length	156.21 mi (251.40 km)
History	Between Oxford and Birmingham is the A44 and A3400
Major junctions
South end	M3 at Winchester (51°04′08″N 1°17′28″W / 51.069°N 1.291°W / 51.069; -1.291)
Major intersections	A303 M4 A44 ( A40) M40 A41 M42 A41 M6 A5 M6 Toll A51 A500 A53 A54 M56 M60 A57(M) A56
North end	A6 at Salford(53°28′59″N 2°15′29″W / 53.483°N 2.258°W / 53.483; -2.258)
Location
Country	United Kingdom
Primary destinations	Newbury Oxford Solihull Birmingham Walsall Cannock Stafford Stoke-on-Trent Newcastle-under-Lyme Congleton East Didsbury Burnage Manchester
Road network
Roads in the United Kingdom Motorways A and B road zones
← A33 → A35

The A34 is a major road in England. It runs from the A33 and M3 at Winchester in Hampshire, to the A6 and A6042 in Salford, close to Manchester City Centre. It forms a large part of the major trunk route from Southampton, via Oxford, to Birmingham, The Potteries and Manchester. For most of its length (together with the A5011 and parts of the A50, and A49), it forms part of the former Winchester–Preston Trunk Road. Improvements to the section of road forming the Newbury Bypass around Newbury were the scene of significant direct action environmental protests in the 1990s. It is 151 miles (243 km) long.

Route

The road is in two sections. The northern section runs south through Manchester and Cheadle, and bypasses Handforth, Wilmslow and Alderley Edge, before passing through Congleton, Newcastle-under-Lyme, and the southern suburbs of Stoke-on-Trent. It then continues south via Stone, Stafford, Cannock and Walsall, passes through the middle of Birmingham (where it briefly merges with the A41), before meeting the M42 motorway at junction 4 south of Solihull.

The northern section of the road in effect combines with the motorway network and then resumes with the southern section.

The southern section begins 45 miles (72 km) SSE of the northern section, at junction 9 of the M40 motorway. It continues south as the western part of the Oxford Ring Road, crossing the River Thames on the A34 Road Bridge. It then bypasses Abingdon, Didcot, and Newbury before finishing at junction 9 of the M3 motorway. This part of the A34 forms the E05 European route. It is a dual carriageway throughout.

Together with parts of the M3 and the M40, the A34 forms an important route carrying freight from Southampton to the Midlands. Because of the volume of traffic, bypasses were built along this route – at Newbury on the A34, and at Twyford Down near Winchester on the M3 – but these were controversial for environmental reasons. Notably instead of cutting a short road tunnel through Twyford Down, the escarpment was carved out for the road traffic of the motorway, though the route of the old A33 closed as a result.

In 2004, the junction with the M4 motorway was re-engineered from a roundabout to free-flowing grade separated junction.

Future

The idea that the cancelled Oxford–Cambridge Expressway (linking the current A34 near Oxford to the A14 near Cambridge) would have been designated as A34, did not have any official status.

History and renumbering

The original (1922) route of the A34 was Winchester to Oxford, much shorter than it is today. It was extended to Manchester on 1 April 1935, replacing part of the A42 (Oxford to Birmingham through Shipston-on-Stour, Stratford-upon-Avon and Henley-in-Arden), A455 (Birmingham to Stafford), part of the A449 (Stafford to Newcastle-under-Lyme) and A526 (Newcastle to Manchester).

By 1953 the route was as follows:

• Manchester
• Levenshulme
• Burnage
• East Didsbury
• Cheadle
• Wilmslow
• Alderley Edge
• Congleton
• Talke
• Newcastle-under-Lyme
• Stone bypass
• Stafford
• Cannock
• Bloxwich
• Walsall
• Birmingham
• Shirley
• Henley-in-Arden
• Wootton Wawen
• Stratford-on-Avon
• Newbold-on-Stour
• Shipston-on-Stour
• Long Compton
• (1 mile (1.6 km) east of Chipping Norton)
• Enstone
• Woodstock
• Oxford
• Abingdon
• Steventon
• East Ilsley
• Newbury
• Litchfield
• Whitchurch
• Sutton Scotney
• Winchester

When the Oxford Ring Road was completed to the west of Oxford in 1962, the old route through the city was renumbered the A4144. On completion of the Abingdon Bypass in the 1970s, the old route from the Oxford Ring Road through Abingdon and Steventon to Chilton was partly declassified (for 5 miles (8.0 km)) and the rest renumbered A4183, B4017, A4130 and A4185.

In 1987, the A34 between Walsall and Bloxwich swapped routes with the parallel B4210.

In 1991, shortly after the completion of the M40 motorway, the road between Oxford and Solihull was renumbered. Between Chipping Norton and Solihull the road lost its primary route status and was renumbered A3400, and south of Chipping Norton the route became part of an extended A44. The A34 was diverted north from the Oxford Ring Road to the M40 along parts of the former routes of the A43 (which had originally followed the route of the present B430) and A421. Much of the long-distance traffic formerly carried by the present A3400 now uses the M40 to Birmingham, and the M42 and M6 to by-pass the city.

When the Newbury Bypass was opened in 1998, the old route through Newbury became part of the A339 and the B4640.

The long planned and often postponed Alderley Edge bypass was completed in November 2010, ahead of schedule and within the £52 million budget. The official opening ceremony was conducted by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon George Osborne MP, on 19 November 2010.

References

1. "1:500,000 road map". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
2. "The Winchester-Preston Trunk Road (A34) (Newbury Bypass Detrunking) (No.2) Order 1993". Archived from the original on 26 April 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
3. "Trunk Roads Acts 1936 and 1946" (PDF). Retrieved 26 December 2011.
4. "1996: Green groups join bypass battle". BBC News. 18 January 1996. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
5. "A34 Chieveley/M4 Junction 13 improvement". Highways Agency. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
6. List Of Class I and Class II Roads and Numbers (transcription) : HMSO
7. The National Archives File MT39/246 : "CLASSIFICATION : Renumbering of classified routes"
8. AA Road Book of England and Wales, 4th edition (1953)
9. "Cheshire East Council News Release". Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
10. "Chancellor opens Alderley Edge bypass after 90 year wait". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. 19 November 2010.

External links

• The Highways Agency Management Strategy for Bicester to Winchester.
• The Highways Agency A34-M4 junction improvements.
• A detailed review of the A34 and its history
• A34 Stratford Road red route, Birmingham

v t e A roads in Zone 3 of the Great Britain road numbering scheme
	A3 A30 A31 A32 A33 A34 A35 A36 A37 A38 A39
	A301 A303 A304 A307 A308 A309 A312 A316 A329 A331 A337 A338 A339 A340 A342 A344 A345 A346 A350 A354 A360 A361 A363 A368 A369 A370 A371 A374 A379 A380 A381 A382 A386 A388 A390
	A3036 A3054 A3055 A3071 A3090 A3110 A3203 A3204 A3220 A3400
List of A roads in Zone 3 List of B roads in Zone 3

v t e Streets and roads in Birmingham, England
City centre streets	Bennetts Hill Broad Street Colmore Row Corporation Street Edmund Street Hurst Street New Street Newhall Street Paradise Circus Paradise Street
City centre squares	Brindleyplace Centenary Square Chamberlain Square Five Ways Old Square St Pauls Square Victoria Square
Suburban streets	Orphanage Road
A roads	A34 A38 A4040 (outer ring road) A41 A4400 (inner ring road) A45 A4540 (middle ring road) A47 A435 A456 A5127
Motorways	A38(M) M5 motorway M6 motorway
Defunct	The Crescent
Category

• Roads in England
• Roads in Cheshire
• Transport in Birmingham, West Midlands
• Roads in Greater Manchester
• Transport in Hampshire
• Transport in Manchester
• Roads in Oxfordshire
• Roads in Berkshire
• Transport in Staffordshire
• Transport in Stoke-on-Trent
• Roads in the West Midlands (county)