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(Redirected from APG System) System of plant taxonomy

The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG II in 2003, APG III system in 2009 and APG IV system in 2016.

History

The original APG system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistic analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes. Although based on molecular evidence only, its constituent groups prove to be supported by other evidence as well, for example pollen morphology supports the split between the eudicots and the rest of the former dicotyledons.

The system is rather controversial in its decisions at the family level, splitting a number of long-established families and submerging some other families. It also is unusual in not using botanical names above the level of order, that is, an order is the highest rank that will have a formal botanical name in this system. Higher groups are defined only as clades, with names such as monocots, eudicots, rosids, asterids.

The APG system was superseded in 2003 by a revision, the APG II system, in 2009 by a next revision, the APG III system, and then in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system.

Groups

The main groups in the system (all unranked clades) are:

The APG system recognises 462 families and 40 orders: these are assigned as follows. In the beginning of each listing some families or orders that are not placed in a further clade:

Note: "+ ..." = optional seggregrate family, that may be split off from the preceding family.

See also

References

External links

List of systems of plant taxonomy
This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and Dahlgren (1982). Examples include the works of Scopoli, Ventenat, Batsch and Grisebach.
Pre-Linnaean
John Ray system (1686–1704)
  • A discourse on the seeds of plants
  • Methodus plantarum nova
  • De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis
  • Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta
Pre-Darwinian
Linnaean system (1735–51)
Adanson system (1763)Familles naturelles des plantes
De Jussieu system (1789)Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
De Candolle system (1819–24)
Berchtold and Presl
system (1820–1823)		O Prirozenosti Rostlin
Agardh system (1825)Classes Plantarum
Gray system (1821)The Natural Arrangement of British Plants
Perleb system (1826)Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs
Dumortier system (1829)Analyse des familles des plantes
Lindley system (1830–45)
  • An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany
  • The Vegetable Kingdom
Don system (1834)General History of Dichlamydious Plants.
Bentham & Hooker system
(1862–83)		Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita.
Baillon system (1867–94)Histoire des plantes
Post-Darwinian (Phyletic)
Nineteenth century
Eichler system (1875–1886)
  • Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert
  • Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde
Engler system (1886–1924)
van Tieghem system (1891)Traité de botanique
Twentieth century
Dalla Torre & Harms
system (1900–07)		Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta
Warming system (1912)Haandbog i den systematiske botanik
Hallier system (1912)L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes
Bessey system (1915)The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants
Wettstein system (1901–35)Handbuch der systematischen Botanik
Lotsy system (1907–11)Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik.
Hutchinson system (1926–73)The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny
Calestani system (1933)Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme
Kimura system (1956)Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones
Emberger system (1960)Traité de Botanique systématique
Melchior system (1964)Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
Takhtajan system (1966–97)
  • A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants
  • Flowering plants: origin and dispersal
  • Diversity and classification of flowering plants
Cronquist system (1968–81)
  • The evolution and classification of flowering plants
  • An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
Goldberg system (1986–89Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons
Dahlgren system (1975–85)The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy
Thorne system (1968–2000)An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants
Kubitzki system (1990–)The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
Reveal system (1997)Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (1998–)
See also
Plantae at Wikispecies •
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