Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (Maria Amalie Auguste; 10 May 1752 – 15 November 1828) was the last Electress and first Queen of Saxony and Duchess of Warsaw.

Biography

Amalie was born in Mannheim, the daughter of Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler and his wife, Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Pfalz-Sulzbach. She was the sister of Maximilian Joseph, later first King of Bavaria.

On 29 January 1769 she married the Saxon Elector Frederick Augustus III. In 1806, the Electress and her husband were proclaimed the first King and Queen of Saxony. The following year, Napoleon I made them Duke and Duchess of Warsaw, a newly created principality in Poland.

Amalie bore four children, three of whom were stillborn. Only one daughter, Princess Maria Augusta, attained adulthood, but remained unmarried. From 1804, at the death of her sister-in-law Carolina of Parma, she and her other sister-in-law, Maria Theresa of Austria, shared the responsibility of raising the former's children, something they are said to have done very strictly.

Amalie died on 15 November 1828 at the age of 76, and was buried in the Hofkirche in Dresden.

Issue

unnamed child (born/died 1771)
unnamed child (born/died 1775)
Maria Augusta Nepomucena Antonia Francisca Xaveria Aloysia (born Dresden 21 June 1782 - died Dresden 14 March 1863)
unnamed child (born/died 1797)

Ancestry

Ancestors of Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

16. Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler

8. Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

17. Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken

4. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

18. Johann Jakob, Count of Rappoltstein

9. Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein

19. Anna Claudia, Countess of Salm-Kyrburg

2. Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

20. Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken

10. Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken

21. Landgravine Eleonore Klara of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein

5. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

22. Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

11. Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

23. Countess Juliana Dorothea of Castell-Remlingen

1. Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

24. Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach

12. Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach

25. Countess Amalie of Nassau-Siegen

6. Joseph Charles, Hereditary Prince of Sulzbach

26. William, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg

13. Landgravine Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg

27. Countess Maria Anna of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort

3. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach

28. Philip William, Elector Palatine

14. Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine

29. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

7. Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste Sofie of Neuburg

30. Prince Bogusław Radziwiłł

15. Princess Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł

31. Princess Anna Maria Radziwiłł

References

Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010)
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 94.

German royalty
Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld House of WittelsbachBorn: 10 May 1752 Died: 15 November 1828
Preceded byMaria Antonia of Bavaria	Electress of Saxony 29 January 1769 – 20 December 1806	Electorate abolished
Kingdom created	Queen consort of Saxony 20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827	Succeeded byMaria Theresa of Tuscany
Duchy created	Duchess of Warsaw 9 June 1807 – January 1813	Duchy abolished

v t e Electresses of Saxony
Elisabeth of Hesse (1356–1370) Cecilia of Carrara (1376–1388) Anna of Thuringia (1388–1395) Barbara of Legnica (1396–1419) Euphemia of Oleśnica (1420–1422) Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1423–1428) Margaret of Austria (1431–1464) Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich (1464–1486) Sibylle of Cleves (1532–1547) Agnes of Hesse (1547–1553) Princess Anna of Denmark (1553–1585) Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt-Dessau (1586) Sophie of Brandenburg (1586–1591) Princess Hedwig of Denmark (1602–1611) Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia (1611–1656) Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1656–1680) Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark (1680–1691) Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach (1694–1694) Margravine Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1694–1727) Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (1733–1757) Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria (1763) Countess Palatine Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1769–1806)

Electresses of Saxony

Elisabeth of Hesse (1356–1370)
Cecilia of Carrara (1376–1388)
Anna of Thuringia (1388–1395)
Barbara of Legnica (1396–1419)
Euphemia of Oleśnica (1420–1422)
Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1423–1428)
Margaret of Austria (1431–1464)
Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich (1464–1486)
Sibylle of Cleves (1532–1547)
Agnes of Hesse (1547–1553)
Princess Anna of Denmark (1553–1585)
Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt-Dessau (1586)
Sophie of Brandenburg (1586–1591)
Princess Hedwig of Denmark (1602–1611)
Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia (1611–1656)
Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1656–1680)
Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark (1680–1691)
Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach (1694–1694)
Margravine Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1694–1727)
Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (1733–1757)
Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria (1763)
Countess Palatine Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1769–1806)

v t e Queens of Saxony
Countess Palatine Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1806–1827) Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1827) Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria (1836–1854) Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria (1854–1873) Princess Carola of Vasa (1873–1902)
note:* denotes titular Queens

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