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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sb) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Antimony (51Sb) occurs in two stable isotopes, Sb and Sb. There are 37 artificial radioactive isotopes, the longest-lived of which are Sb, with a half-life of 2.75856 years; Sb, with half-life 60.2 days; and Sb, with half-life 12.35 days. All other isotopes have half-lives less than 4 days, most less than an hour. There are also many isomers, the longest-lived of which is Sb with half-life 5.76 days.
Except for beryllium, antimony is the lightest element observed to have isotopes capable of alpha decay; Sb is seen to undergo this mode of decay. Some light elements, namely those near Be, have isotopes with delayed alpha emission (following proton or beta emission) as a rare branch.
List of isotopes
Nuclide |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) |
Half-life |
Decay mode |
Daughter isotope |
Spin and parity |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 53 | 103.93634(11)# | 470(130) ms | β? | Sn | |||||||||||||
p (<7%) | Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
β, p (<7%) | In | ||||||||||||||||||
α? | In | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 54 | 104.931277(23) | 1.12(16) s | β (>99.9%) | Sn | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
p (<0.1%) | Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
β, p? | In | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 55 | 105.9286380(80) | 0.6(2) s | β | Sn | (2+) | ||||||||||||
Sb | 103.5(3) keV | 226(14) ns | IT | Sb | (4+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 56 | 106.9241506(45) | 4.0(2) s | β | Sn | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 57 | 107.9222267(59) | 7.4(3) s | β | Sn | (4+) | ||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 58 | 108.9181412(57) | 17.2(5) s | β | Sn | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 59 | 109.9168543(64) | 23.6(3) s | β | Sn | (3+) | ||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 60 | 110.9132182(95) | 75(1) s | β | Sn | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 61 | 111.912400(19) | 53.5(6) s | β | Sn | (3+) | ||||||||||||
Sb | 825.9(4) keV | 536(22) ns | IT | Sb | (8−) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 62 | 112.909375(18) | 6.67(7) min | β | Sn | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 63 | 113.909289(21) | 3.49(3) min | β | Sn | 3+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 495.5(7) keV | 219(12) μs | IT | Sb | (8−) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 64 | 114.906598(17) | 32.1(3) min | β | Sn | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 2796.26(9) keV | 159(3) ns | IT | Sb | (19/2)− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 65 | 115.9067927(55) | 15.8(8) min | β | Sn | 3+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 93.99(5) keV | 194(4) ns | IT | Sb | 1+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 390(40) keV | 60.3(6) min | β | Sn | 8− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 66 | 116.9048415(91) | 2.97(2) h | β | Sn | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 3130.76(19) keV | 355(17) μs | IT | Sb | (25/2)+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 3230.7(2) keV | 290(5) ns | IT | Sb | (23/2−) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 67 | 117.9055322(32) | 3.6(1) min | β | Sn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 50.814(21) keV | 20.6(6) μs | IT | Sb | 3+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 250(6) keV | 5.01(3) h | β | Sn | 8− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 68 | 118.9039441(75) | 38.19(22) h | EC | Sn | 5/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 2553.6(3) keV | 130(3) ns | IT | Sb | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2841.7(4) keV | 835(81) ms | IT | Sb | 25/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 69 | 119.9050803(77) | 15.89(4) min | β | Sn | 1+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 0(100)# keV | 5.76(2) d | β | Sn | 8− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 78.16(5) keV | 246(2) ns | IT | Sb | (3+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2328(100)# keV | 400(8) ns | IT | Sb | 13+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 70 | 120.9038114(27) | Stable | 5/2+ | 0.5721(5) | |||||||||||||
Sb | 2751(17) keV | 179(6) μs | IT | Sb | (25/2+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 71 | 121.9051693(27) | 2.7238(2) d | β (97.59%) | Te | 2− | ||||||||||||
β (2.41%) | Sn | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 61.4131(5) keV | 1.86(8) μs | IT | Sb | 3+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 137.4726(8) keV | 0.53(3) ms | IT | Sb | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 163.5591(17) keV | 4.191(3) min | IT | Sb | 8− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 72 | 122.9042153(15) | Stable | 7/2+ | 0.4279(5) | |||||||||||||
Sb | 2237.8(3) keV | 214(3) ns | IT | Sb | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2613.4(4) keV | 65(1) μs | IT | Sb | 23/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 73 | 123.9059371(15) | 60.20(3) d | β | Te | 3− | ||||||||||||
Sb | 10.8627(8) keV | 93(5) s | IT (75%) | Sb | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
β (25%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 36.8440(14) keV | 20.2(2) min | IT | Sb | (8)− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 40.8038(7) keV | 3.2(3) μs | IT | Sb | (3+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 74 | 124.9052543(27) | 2.7576(11) y | β | Te | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 1971.25(20) keV | 4.1(2) μs | IT | Sb | 15/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2112.1(3) keV | 28.5(5) μs | IT | Sb | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2471.0(4) keV | 277.0(64) ns | IT | Sb | (23/2)+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 75 | 125.907253(34) | 12.35(6) d | β | Te | 8− | ||||||||||||
Sb | 17.7(3) keV | 19.15(8) min | β (86%) | Te | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (14%) | Sb | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 40.4(3) keV | ~11 s | IT | Sb | 3− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 104.6(3) keV | 553(5) ns | IT | Sb | 3+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 1810.7(17) keV | 90(16) ns | IT | Sb | (13+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 76 | 126.9069256(55) | 3.85(5) d | β | Te | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 1920.19(21) keV | 11.7(1) μs | IT | Sb | 15/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2324.7(4) keV | 269(5) ns | IT | Sb | 23/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 77 | 127.909146(20) | 9.05(4) h | β | Te | 8− | ||||||||||||
Sb | 10(6) keV | 10.41(18) min | β (96.4%) | Te | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (3.6%) | Sb | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 1617.3(7) keV | 500(20) ns | IT | Sb | (11+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 1769.9(12) keV | 217(7) ns | IT | Sb | (13+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 78 | 128.909147(23) | 4.366(26) h | β | Te | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 1851.31(6) keV | 17.7(1) min | β (85%) | Te | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
IT (15%) | Sb | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 1861.06(5) keV | 2.23(17) μs | IT | Sb | 15/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2139.4(3) keV | 0.89(3) μs | IT | Sb | 23/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 79 | 129.911663(15) | 39.5(8) min | β | Te | 8− | ||||||||||||
Sb | 4.80(20) keV | 6.3(2) min | β | Te | 4+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 84.67(4) keV | 800(100) ns | IT | Sb | 6− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 1508(1) keV | 600(15) ns | IT | Sb | (11+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 1544.7(5) keV | 1.25(1) μs | IT | Sb | (13+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 80 | 130.9119893(22) | 23.03(4) min | β | Te | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 1676.06(6) keV | 64.2(26) μs | IT | Sb | 15/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 1687.2(9) keV | 4.3(8) μs | IT | Sb | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 2165.6(15) keV | 0.97(3) μs | IT | Sb | 23/2+ | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 81 | 131.9145141(29) | 2.79(7) min | β | Te | (4)+ | ||||||||||||
Sb | 139.3(20) keV | 4.10(5) min | β | Te | (8−) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 254.5(3) keV | 102(4) ns | IT | Sb | (6−) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 82 | 132.9152721(34) | 2.34(5) min | β | Te | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
Sb | 4541(9) keV | 16.54(19) μs | IT | Sb | (21/2+) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 83 | 133.9205373(33) | 674(4) ms | β | Te | (0-) | ||||||||||||
β, n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 279(1) keV | 10.01(4) s | β (99.91%) | Te | (7−) | ||||||||||||||
β, n (0.088%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 84 | 134.9251844(28) | 1.668(9) s | β (80.9%) | Te | (7/2+) | ||||||||||||
β, n (19.1%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 85 | 135.9307490(63) | 0.923(14) s | β (75.2%) | Te | (1−) | ||||||||||||
β, n (24.7%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n (0.14%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 269.3(5) keV | 570(5) ns | IT | Sb | (6−) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 86 | 136.935523(56) | 497(21) ms | β (51%) | Te | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||
β, n (49%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 87 | 137.94133(32)# | 333(7) ms | β, n (72%) | Te | (3−) | ||||||||||||
β (28%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 88 | 138.94627(43)# | 182(9) ms | β, n (90%) | Te | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||
β (10%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 89 | 139.95235(64)# | 170(6) ms | β (69%) | Te | (3−) | ||||||||||||
β, n (23%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n (7.6%) | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 330(30)# keV | 41(8) μs | IT | Sb | (6−,7−) | ||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 90 | 140.95755(54)# | 103(29) ms | β | Te | 7/2+# | ||||||||||||
β, n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
Sb | 51 | 91 | 141.96392(32)# | 80(50) ms | β | Te | |||||||||||||
β, n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
β, 2n? | Te | ||||||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- Sb – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
-
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition n: Neutron emission p: Proton emission - Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
- ^ Fission product
References
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- "Standard Atomic Weights: Antimony". CIAAW. 1993.
- Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
- ^ Jaries, A.; Stryjczyk, M.; Kankainen, A.; Ayoubi, L. Al; Beliuskina, O.; Canete, L.; de Groote, R. P.; Delafosse, C.; Delahaye, P.; Eronen, T.; Flayol, M.; Ge, Z.; Geldhof, S.; Gins, W.; Hukkanen, M.; Imgram, P.; Kahl, D.; Kostensalo, J.; Kujanpää, S.; Kumar, D.; Moore, I. D.; Mougeot, M.; Nesterenko, D. A.; Nikas, S.; Patel, D.; Penttilä, H.; Pitman-Weymouth, D.; Pohjalainen, I.; Raggio, A.; Ramalho, M.; Reponen, M.; Rinta-Antila, S.; de Roubin, A.; Ruotsalainen, J.; Srivastava, P. C.; Suhonen, J.; Vilen, M.; Virtanen, V.; Zadvornaya, A. "Physical Review C - Accepted Paper: Isomeric states of fission fragments explored via Penning trap mass spectrometry at IGISOL". journals.aps.org. arXiv:2403.04710.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.