Misplaced Pages

Anwar al-Awlaki أنور العولقي
Anwar al-Awlaki in 2008
Born	Anwar Nasser Abdulla al-Awlaki April 21 or 22, 1971 Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.
Died	September 30, 2011 (aged 40) Al Jawf Governorate, Yemen
Cause of death	Drone strike
Citizenship	United States
Education	Colorado State University (BS) San Diego State University (MS) George Washington University
Occupations	Lecturer cleric imam
Known for	Lectures across Asia and the Middle East; Inspire magazine; and spokesman
Children	5 (including Abdulrahman and Nawar)
Parent	Nasser al-Awlaki (father)

Anwar Nasser Abdulla al-Awlaki (Arabic: أنور العولقي, romanized: Anwar al-'Awlaqī; April 21 or 22, 1971 – September 30, 2011) was an American-Yemeni lecturer and jihadist who was killed in 2011 in Yemen by a U.S. government drone strike ordered by President Barack Obama. Al-Awlaki became the first U.S. citizen to be targeted and killed by a drone strike from the U.S. government. U.S. government officials have claimed that al-Awlaki was a key organizer for the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda.

Al-Awlaki was born in Las Cruces, New Mexico, in 1971 to parents from Yemen. Growing up partly in the United States and partly in Yemen, he attended various U.S. universities in the 1990s and early 2000s. He also worked as an imam despite having no religious qualifications and almost no religious education. Al-Awlaki returned to Yemen in early 2004 and became a university lecturer after a brief stint as a public speaker in the United Kingdom. He was detained by Yemeni authorities in 2006 and spent 18 months in prison before being released without facing trial.

Following his release by the authorities in Yemen, Al-Awlaki's message became overtly supportive of violence, and he condemned the U.S. government's foreign policy towards Muslims. He was linked to Nidal Hasan, the convicted perpetrator of the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, and Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, who attempted to detonate a bomb on Northwest Airlines Flight 253. The Yemeni government tried al-Awlaki in absentia in November 2010 for plotting to kill foreigners and being a member of al-Qaeda. A Yemeni judge ordered that he be captured "dead or alive". U.S. officials said that in 2009, al-Awlaki was promoted to the rank of "regional commander" within al-Qaeda. He repeatedly called for jihad against the United States. In April 2010, al-Awlaki was placed on a CIA kill list by President Barack Obama. Al-Awlaki's father and civil rights groups challenged the order in court. The U.S. deployed unmanned aircraft (drones) in Yemen to search for and kill him, firing at and failing to kill him at least once. Al-Awlaki was killed on September 30, 2011.

In June 2014, a previously classified memorandum from the U.S. Department of Justice was released; the memorandum described al-Awlaki's killing as a lawful act of war. Civil liberties advocates have called the killing of al-Awlaki an extrajudicial execution that breached al-Awlaki's constitutional rights. The New York Times wrote in 2015 that al-Awlaki's public statements and videos had been more influential in inspiring acts of Islamic terrorism in the wake of his killing than they were before his death.

Early life

Anwar al-Awlaki was born in Las Cruces, New Mexico, US in 1971 to parents from Yemen, while his father, Nasser al-Awlaki, was doing graduate work at U.S. universities. His father was a Fulbright Scholar who earned a master's degree in agricultural economics at New Mexico State University in 1971, received a doctorate at the University of Nebraska, and worked at the University of Minnesota from 1975 to 1977. Nasser al-Awlaki served as Agriculture Minister in Ali Abdullah Saleh's government. He was also President of Sana'a University. Yemen's prime minister from 2007 to 2011, Ali Mohammed Mujur, was a relative.

The family returned to Yemen in 1978, when al-Awlaki was seven years old. He lived there for 11 years, and studied at Azal Modern School.

Life in the United States 1990–2002

Education

In 1991, al-Awlaki went to the U.S. to attend college. He earned a B.S. in civil engineering from Colorado State University (1994), where he was president of the Muslim Student Association. In 1993, while still a college student in Colorado State's civil engineering program, al-Awlaki visited Afghanistan in the aftermath of the Soviet occupation. He spent some time training with the mujahideen who had fought the Soviets. He was depressed by the country's poverty and hunger, and "wouldn't have gone with al-Qaeda," according to friends from Colorado State, who said he was profoundly affected by the trip. Mullah Mohammed Omar did not form the Taliban until 1994. When Al-Awlaki returned to campus, he showed increased interest in religion and politics. Al-Awlaki studied Education Leadership at San Diego State University, earning a master's degree. He worked on a doctorate in Human Resource Development at The George Washington University Graduate School of Education and Human Development in 2001.

Time as imam

In 1994, al-Awlaki married a cousin from Yemen, and began service as a part-time imam of the Denver Islamic Society. In 1996, he was chastised by an elder for encouraging a Saudi student to fight in Chechnya against the Russians. He left Denver soon after, moving to San Diego.

From 1996 to 2000, al-Awlaki was imam of the Masjid Ar-Ribat al-Islami mosque in San Diego, California, where he had a following of 200–300 people. U.S. officials later alleged that Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, hijackers of American Airlines Flight 77, attended his sermons and personally met him during this period, although Al-Awlaki told authorities their conversations were trivial in nature. Hazmi later lived in Northern Virginia and attended al-Awlaki's mosque there. The 9/11 Commission Report said that the hijackers "reportedly respected as a religious figure". While in San Diego, al-Awlaki volunteered with youth organizations, fished, discussed his travels with friends, and created a popular and lucrative series of recorded lectures.

In 1998 and 1999, he served as vice-president for the Charitable Society for Social Welfare. Although the FBI investigated al-Awlaki from June 1999 through March 2000 for possible links to Hamas, the Bin Laden contact Ziyad Khaleel, and a visit by an associate of Omar Abdel Rahman, it did not find sufficient evidence for a criminal prosecution. In 2004, the FBI described this group as a "front organization to funnel money to terrorists". Al-Awlaki told reporters that he resigned from leading the San Diego mosque "after an uneventful four years," and took a brief sabbatical, traveling overseas to various countries.

Al-Awlaki decided to pursue his PhD and was accepted at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., and was soon recruited to be the imam of the nearby suburban Dar al-Hijrah mosque in 2000. One of the mosque's board members who hired Al-Awlaki stated he was convinced that al-Awlaki had no inclinations or activities to do with terrorism. The new imam, who was described as alluring and charming at this time, began to draw young people to Dar Al-Hijrah while connecting with the sophisticated Muslim community of Northern Virginia. His proficiency as a public speaker and command of the English language helped him attract followers who did not speak Arabic. "He was the magic bullet", according to the mosque spokesman Johari Abdul-Malik. "He had everything all in a box." Al-Awlaki was considered a moderate during his time at Dar Al-Hijrah, publicly condemned the September 11 attacks and Al-Qaeda, was even invited to speak at the United States Department of Defense and became the first imam to conduct a prayer service for the Congressional Muslim Staffer Association at the U.S. Capitol. He led academic discussions frequented by FBI Director of Counter-Intelligence for the Middle East Gordon M. Snow. Al-Awlaki also served as the Muslim chaplain at George Washington University. Soon after the 9/11 attacks, al-Awlaki was sought in Washington, D.C., by the media to answer questions about Islam, its rituals, and its relation to the attacks. He was interviewed by National Geographic, The New York Times, and other media. Al-Awlaki condemned the attacks. According to an NPR report in 2010, in 2001 al-Awlaki appeared to be a moderate who could "bridge the gap between the United States and the worldwide community of Muslims." The New York Times said at the time that he was "held up as a new generation of Muslim leader capable of merging East and West." In 2010, Fox News and the New York Daily News reported that some months after the 9/11 attacks, a Pentagon employee invited al-Awlaki to a luncheon in the Secretary's Office of General Counsel. The U.S. Secretary of the Army had suggested that a moderate Muslim be invited to give a talk.

There is no way that the people who did this could be Muslim, and if they claim to be Muslim, then they have perverted their religion.

Al-Awlaki appeared on law enforcement's radars when federal investigators discovered two of the alleged 9/11 hijackers had attended the same mosque in San Diego during the same time Al-Awlaki served as imam, as well as Dar Al-Hijrah (along with a third alleged hijacker). When police investigating the 9/11 attacks raided the Hamburg apartment of Ramzi bin al-Shibh, they found the telephone number of al-Awlaki among bin al-Shibh's personal contacts. Six days after the 9/11 attacks, al-Awlaki suggested in writing on the IslamOnline.net website that Israeli intelligence agents might have been responsible for the attacks, and that the FBI "went into the roster of the airplanes, and whoever has a Muslim or Arab name became the hijacker by default". The FBI interviewed al-Awlaki four times in the eight days following the 9/11 attacks. FBI agents conducted repeated interviews and placed the imam under surveillance. Although some law enforcement and public officials have been outspoken about their suspicions of Al-Awlaki's role in the 9/11 plot, no solid evidence emerged linking him to the plot. Al-Awlaki resigned from Dar Al-Hijrah in early 2002 due to post-9/11 media attention that distracted the imam from his duties, according to the mosque's outreach director.

Later in 2002, al-Awlaki posted an essay in Arabic on the Islam Today website titled "Why Muslims Love Death", lauding the fervor of Palestinian suicide bombers. He expressed a similar opinion in a speech at a London mosque later that year. By July 2002, al-Awlaki was under investigation in the United States for having received money from the subject of a U.S. Joint Terrorism Task Force investigation. His name was added to the list of terrorism suspects.

Passport fraud issues

In June 2002, a Denver federal judge signed an arrest warrant for al-Awlaki for passport fraud. On October 9, the Denver U.S. Attorney's Office filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and vacate the arrest warrant. Prosecutors believed that they lacked sufficient evidence of a crime, according to U.S. Attorney Dave Gaouette, who authorized its withdrawal. Al-Awlaki had listed Yemen rather than the United States as his place of birth on his 1990 application for a U.S. Social Security number, soon after arriving in the US. Al-Awlaki used this documentation to obtain a passport in 1993. He later corrected his place of birth to Las Cruces, New Mexico. "The bizarre thing is if you put Yemen down (on the application), it would be harder to get a Social Security number than to say you are a native-born citizen of Las Cruces", Gaouette said.

Prosecutors could not charge him in October 2002, when he returned from a trip abroad, because a 10-year statute of limitations on lying to the Social Security Administration had expired. According to a 2012 investigative report by Fox News, the arrest warrant for passport fraud was still in effect on the morning of October 10, 2002, when FBI Agent Wade Ammerman ordered al-Awlaki's release. U.S. Congressman Frank Wolf (R-VA) and several congressional committees urged FBI Director Robert Mueller to provide an explanation about the bureau's interactions with al-Awlaki, including why he was released from federal custody when there was an outstanding warrant for his arrest. The motion for rescinding the arrest warrant was approved by a magistrate judge on October 10 and filed on October 11.

ABC News reported in 2009 that the Joint Terrorism Task Force in San Diego disagreed with the decision to cancel the warrant. They were monitoring al-Awlaki and wanted to "look at him under a microscope". But U.S. Attorney Gaouette said that no objection had been raised to the rescinding of the warrant during a meeting that included Ray Fournier, the San Diego federal diplomatic security agent whose allegation had set in motion the effort to obtain a warrant. Gaouette said that if al-Awlaki had been convicted at the time, he would have faced about six months in custody.

The New York Times suggested later that al-Awlaki had claimed birth in Yemen (his family's place of origin) to qualify for scholarship money granted to foreign citizens. U.S. Congressman Frank R. Wolf (R-VA) wrote in May 2010 that by claiming to be foreign-born, al-Awlaki fraudulently obtained more than $20,000 in scholarship funds reserved for foreign students.

While living in Northern Virginia, al-Awlaki visited Ali al-Timimi, later known as a radical Islamic cleric. Al-Timimi was convicted in 2005 and is now serving a life sentence for leading the Virginia Jihad Network, inciting Muslim followers to fight with the Taliban against the US.

In the United Kingdom 2002–04

Al-Awlaki left the United States before the end of 2002, because of a "climate of fear and intimidation" according to Imam Johari Abdul-Malik of the Dar al-Hijrah mosque.

He lived in the UK for several months, where he gave talks attended by up to 200 people. He urged young Muslim followers: "The important lesson to learn here is never, ever trust the kuffar . Do not trust them! are plotting to kill this religion. They're plotting night and day." "He was the main man who translated the jihad into English," said a student who attended his lectures in 2003.

He gave a series of lectures in December 2002 and January 2003 at the London Masjid al-Tawhid mosque, describing the rewards martyrs (Shahid) receive in paradise (Jannah). He began to gain supporters, particularly among young Muslims, and undertook a lecture tour of England and Scotland in 2002 in conjunction with the Muslim Association of Britain. He also lectured at "ExpoIslamia", an event held by Islamic Forum Europe. At the East London Mosque he told his audience: "A Muslim is a brother of a Muslim... he does not betray him, and he does not hand him over... You don't hand over a Muslim to the enemies."

In the UK's Parliament in 2003, Louise Ellman, MP for Liverpool Riverside, discussed the relationship between al-Awlaki and the Muslim Association of Britain, a Muslim Brotherhood front organization founded by Kemal el-Helbawy, a senior member of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood.

Return to Yemen 2004–11

Al-Awlaki returned to Yemen in early 2004, where he lived in Shabwah Governorate with his wife and five children. He lectured at Iman University, headed by Abdul Majeed al-Zindani. The latter has been included on the UN 1267 Committee's list of individuals belonging to or associated with al-Qaeda. Al-Zindani denied having any influence over al-Awlaki, or that he had been his "direct teacher". Some believe that the school's curriculum deals mostly, if not exclusively, with radical Islamic studies, and promotes radicalism. American convert John Walker Lindh and other alumni have been associated with militant groups.

On August 31, 2006, al-Awlaki was arrested with four others on charges of kidnapping a Shiite teenager for ransom, and participating in an al-Qaeda plot to kidnap a U.S. military attaché. He was imprisoned in 2006 and 2007. He was interviewed around September 2007 by two FBI agents with regard to the 9/11 attacks and other subjects. John Negroponte, the U.S. Director of National Intelligence, told Yemeni officials he did not object to al-Awlaki's detention.

His name was on a list of 100 prisoners whose release was sought by al-Qaeda-linked militants in Yemen. After 18 months in a Yemeni prison, al-Awlaki was released on December 12, 2007, following the intercession of his tribe. According to a Yemeni security official, he was released because he had repented. He moved to his family home in Saeed, a hamlet in the Shabwa mountains.

Moazzam Begg's Cageprisoners, an organization representing former Guantanamo detainees, campaigned for al-Awlaki's release when he was in prison in Yemen. Al-Awlaki told Begg in an interview shortly after his release that prior to his incarceration in Yemen, he had condemned the 9/11 attacks.

In December 2008, al-Awlaki sent a communique to the Somali militant group, al-Shabaab, congratulating them.

"He's the most dangerous man in Yemen. He's intelligent, sophisticated, Internet-savvy, and very charismatic. He can sell anything to anyone, and right now he's selling jihad".

Al-Awlaki provided al-Qaeda members in Yemen with the protection of his powerful tribe, the Awlakis, against the government. The tribal code required it to protect those who seek refuge and assistance. This imperative has greater force when the person is a member of the tribe or a tribesman's friend. The tribe's motto is "We are the sparks of Hell; whoever interferes with us will be burned." Al-Awlaki also reportedly helped negotiate deals with leaders of other tribes.

Sought by Yemeni authorities who were investigating his al-Qaeda ties, al-Awlaki went into hiding in approximately March 2009, according to his father. By December 2009, al-Awlaki was on the Yemeni government's most-wanted list. He was believed to be hiding in Yemen's Shabwa or Mareb regions, which are part of the so-called "triangle of evil". The area has attracted al-Qaeda militants, who seek refuge among local tribes unhappy with Yemen's central government.

Yemeni sources originally said al-Awlaki might have been killed in a pre-dawn air strike by Yemeni Air Force fighter jets on a meeting of senior al-Qaeda leaders at a hideout in Rafd in eastern Shabwa, on December 24, 2009. But he survived. Pravda reported that the planes, using Saudi and U.S. intelligence, killed at least 30 al-Qaeda members from Yemen and abroad, and that an al-Awlaki house was "raided and demolished". On December 28 The Washington Post reported that U.S. and Yemeni officials said that al-Awlaki had been present at the meeting. Abdul Elah al-Shaya, a Yemeni journalist, said al-Awlaki called him on December 28 to report that he was well and had not attended the al-Qaeda meeting. Al-Shaya said that al-Awlaki was not tied to al-Qaeda.

In March 2010, a tape featuring al-Awlaki was released in which he urged Muslims residing in the United States to attack their country of residence.

Reaching out to the United Kingdom

After 2006, al-Awlaki was banned from entering the United Kingdom. He broadcast lectures to mosques and other venues there via video-link from 2007 to 2009, on at least seven occasions at five locations in Britain. Noor Pro Media Events held a conference at the East London Mosque on January 1, 2009, showing a videotaped lecture by al-Awlaki; former Shadow Home Secretary Dominic Grieve expressed concern over his being featured.

He gave video-link talks in England to an Islamic student society at the University of Westminster in September 2008, an arts center in East London in April 2009 (after the Tower Hamlets council gave its approval), worshippers at the Al Huda Mosque in Bradford, and a dinner of the Cageprisoners organization in September 2008 at the Wandsworth Civic Centre in South London. On August 23, 2009, al-Awlaki was banned by local authorities in Kensington and Chelsea, London, from speaking at Kensington Town Hall via videolink to a fundraiser dinner for Guantanamo detainees promoted by Cageprisoners. His videos, which discuss his Islamist theories, have circulated across the United Kingdom. Until February 2010, hundreds of audio tapes of his sermons were available at the Tower Hamlets public libraries. In 2009, the London-based Islam Channel carried advertisements for his DVDs and at least two of his video conference lectures.

Other connections

FBI agents identified al-Awlaki as a known, important "senior recruiter for al Qaeda", and a spiritual motivator. His name came up in a dozen terrorism plots in the US, UK, and Canada. The cases included suicide bombers in the 2005 London bombings, jihadists in the 2006 Toronto terrorism case, jihadists in the 2007 Fort Dix attack plot, the killer in the 2009 Little Rock military recruiting office shooting, and the 2010 Times Square bomber. In each case the suspects were devoted to al-Awlaki's message, which they listened to online and on CDs.

Al-Awlaki's recorded lectures were heard by Islamist fundamentalists in at least six terror cells in the UK through 2009. Michael Finton (Talib Islam), who attempted in September 2009 to bomb the Federal Building and the adjacent offices of Congressman Aaron Schock in Springfield, Illinois, admired al-Awlaki and quoted him on his Myspace page. In addition to his website, al-Awlaki had a Facebook fan page with "fans" in the US, many of whom were high school students. Al-Awlaki also set up a website and blog on which he shared his views.

Al-Awlaki influenced several other extremists to join militant organizations overseas and to carry out terrorist attacks in their home countries. Mohamed Alessa and Carlos Almonte, two American citizens from New Jersey who attempted to travel to Somalia in June 2010 to join the al-Qaeda-linked militant group Al Shabaab, allegedly watched several al-Awlaki videos and sermons in which he warned of future attacks against Americans in the United States and abroad. Zachary Chesser, an American citizen who was arrested for attempting to provide material support to Al Shabaab, told federal authorities that he watched online videos featuring al-Awlaki and that he exchanged several e-mails with al-Awlaki. In July 2010, Paul Rockwood was sentenced to eight years in prison for creating a list of 15 potential targets in the US, people he felt had desecrated Islam. Rockwood was a devoted follower of al-Awlaki, and had studied his works Constants on the Path to Jihad and 44 Ways to Jihad.

In October 2008, Charles Allen, U.S. Under-Secretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis, warned that al-Awlaki "targets U.S. Muslims with radical online lectures encouraging terrorist attacks from his new home in Yemen." Responding to Allen, al-Awlaki wrote on his website in December 2008: "I would challenge him to come up with just one such lecture where I encourage 'terrorist attacks'".

Fort Hood shooter

Nidal Hasan, an Army Medical Corps psychiatrist, visited al-Awlaki's mosque for his mother's funeral, at which al-Awlaki presided in 2002. Hasan usually attended a mosque in Maryland closer to where he lived while working at the Walter Reed Medical Center (2003–09). He was investigated by the FBI after intelligence agencies intercepted at least 18 e-mails between him and al-Awlaki between December 2008 and June 2009. Even before the contents of the e-mails were revealed, terrorism expert Jarret Brachman said that Hasan's contacts with al-Awlaki should have raised "huge red flags", because of his influence on radical English-speaking jihadis. Charles Allen, no longer in government, noted that there was no work-related reason for Hasan to be in touch with al-Awlaki. Former CIA officer Bruce Riedel opined: "E-mailing a known al-Qaeda sympathizer should have set off alarm bells. Even if he was exchanging recipes, the bureau should have put out an alert." A DC-based Joint Terrorism Task Force operating under the FBI was notified of the e-mails and reviewed the information. Army employees were informed of the e-mails, but they didn't perceive any terrorist threat in Hasan's questions. Instead, they viewed them as general questions about spiritual guidance with regard to conflicts between Islam and military service and judged them to be consistent with legitimate mental health research about Muslims in the armed services. The assessment was that there was not sufficient information for a larger investigation. In one of the e-mails, Hasan wrote al-Awlaki: "I can't wait to join you ". "It sounds like code words," said Lt. Col. Tony Shaffer, a military analyst at the Center for Advanced Defense Studies. "That he's actually either offering himself up, or that he's already crossed that line in his own mind."

Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Hider Shaea interviewed al-Awlaki in November 2009. Al-Awlaki acknowledged his correspondence with Hasan. He said he "neither ordered nor pressured ... Hasan to harm Americans." Al-Awlaki said Hasan first e-mailed him December 17, 2008, introducing himself by writing: "Do you remember me? I used to pray with you at the Virginia mosque." Hasan said he had become a devout Muslim around the time al-Awlaki was preaching at Dar al-Hijrah, in 2001 and 2002, and al-Awlaki said 'Maybe Nidal was affected by one of my lectures.'" He added: "It was clear from his e-mails that Nidal trusted me. Nidal told me: 'I speak with you about issues that I never speak with anyone else.'" Al-Awlaki said Hasan arrived at his own conclusions regarding the acceptability of violence in Islam and said he was not the one to initiate this. Shaea said, "Nidal was providing evidence to Anwar, not vice versa."

Asked whether Hasan mentioned Fort Hood as a target in his e-mails, Shaea declined to comment. Al-Awlaki said the shooting was acceptable in Islam, however, because it was a form of jihad, as the West began the hostilities with the Muslims. Al-Awlaki said he "blessed the act because it was against a military target. And the soldiers who were killed were ... those who were trained and prepared to go to Iraq and Afghanistan".

Al-Awlaki's e-mail conversations with Hasan were not released, and he was not placed on the FBI Most Wanted list, indicted for treason, or officially named as a co-conspirator with Hasan. The U.S. government was reluctant to classify the Fort Hood shooting as a terrorist incident, or identify any motive. The Wall Street Journal reported in January 2010 that al-Awlaki had not "played a direct role" in any of the attacks, and noted he had never been charged with a crime in the US.

One of his fellow officers at Fort Hood said Hasan was enthusiastic about al-Awlaki. Some investigators believe al-Awlaki's teachings may have been instrumental in Hasan's decision to stage the attack. On his now-disabled website, al-Awlaki praised Hasan's actions, describing him as a hero.

Christmas Day "Underwear Bomber"

According to a number of sources, Al-Awlaki and Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the convicted al-Qaeda attempted bomber of Northwest Airlines Flight 253 on December 25, 2009, had contact. In January 2010, CNN reported that U.S. "security sources" said that there is concrete evidence that al-Awlaki was Abdulmutallab's recruiter and one of his trainers, and met with him prior to the attack. In February 2010, al-Awlaki admitted in an interview published in al-Jazeera that he taught and corresponded with Abdulmutallab, but denied having ordered the attack.

Representative Pete Hoekstra, the senior Republican on the House Intelligence Committee, said officials in the Obama administration and officials with access to law enforcement information told him the suspect "may have had contact ".

The Sunday Times established that Abdulmutallab first met al-Awlaki in 2005 in Yemen, while he was studying Arabic. During that time the suspect attended lectures by al-Awlaki.

NPR reported that according to unnamed U.S. intelligence officials he attended a sermon by al-Awlaki at the Finsbury Park Mosque. Khalid Mahmood, the Labour MP for Birmingham Perry Barr, a former trustee of the mosque, expressed "grave misgivings" with regard to its stewardship. A spokesperson of the mosque stated that al-Awlaki had never spoken there or had even to his knowledge entered the building.

Abdulmutallab was also reported by CBS News, The Daily Telegraph, and The Sunday Telegraph to have attended a talk by al-Awlaki at the East London Mosque, which al-Awlaki may have attended by video teleconference. The Sunday Telegraph later removed the report from its website following a complaint by the East London Mosque, which stated that "Anwar Al Awlaki did not deliver any talks at the ELM between 2005 and 2008, which is when the newspaper had falsely alleged that Abdullmutallab had attended such talks".

Investigators who searched flats connected to Abdulmutallab in London said that he was a "big fan" of al-Awlaki, as al-Awlaki's blog and website had repeatedly been visited from those locations.

According to federal sources, Abdulmutallab and al-Awlaki repeatedly communicated with one another in the year prior to the attack. "Voice-to-voice communication" between the two was intercepted during the fall of 2009, and one government source said al-Awlaki "was in some way involved in facilitating 's transportation or trip through Yemen. It could be training, a host of things." NPR reported that intelligence officials suspected al-Awlaki may have told Abdulmutallab to go to Yemen for al-Qaeda training.

Abdulmutallab told the FBI that al-Awlaki was one of his al-Qaeda trainers in Yemen. Others reported that Abdulmutallab met with al-Awlaki in the weeks leading up to the attack. The Los Angeles Times reported that according to a U.S. intelligence official, intercepts and other information point to connections between the two:

Some of the information ... comes from Abdulmutallab, who ... said that he met with al-Awlaki and senior al-Qaeda members during an extended trip to Yemen this year and that the cleric was involved in some elements of planning or preparing the attack and in providing religious justification for it. Other intelligence linking the two became apparent after the attempted bombing, including communications intercepted by the National Security Agency indicating that the cleric was meeting with "a Nigerian" in preparation for some kind of operation.

Yemen's Deputy Prime Minister for Defense and Security Affairs, Rashad Mohammed al-Alimi, said Yemeni investigators believe that Abdulmutallab traveled to Shabwa in October 2009. Investigators believe he obtained his explosives and received training there. He met there with al-Qaeda members in a house built by al-Awlaki. A top Yemen government official said the two met with each other.

In January 2010, al-Awlaki acknowledged that he met and spoke with Abdulmutallab in Yemen in the fall of 2009. In an interview, al-Awlaki said: "Umar Farouk is one of my students; I had communications with him. And I support what he did." He also said: "I did not tell him to do this operation, but I support it". Fox News reported in early February 2010 that Abdulmutallab told federal investigators that al-Awlaki directed him to carry out the bombing.

In June 2010 Michael Leiter, the Director of the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), said al-Awlaki had a "direct operational role" in the plot.

Sharif Mobley

Sharif Mobley had acknowledged contact with Anwar al-Awlaki. The Mobley family claims the contact was for spiritual guidance in further studies of Islam.

The Mobley family went to Yemen and resided there for several years. They decided to return to the United States and went to the U.S. Embassy to update the family travel documents. While waiting for their travel documents, Sharif Mobley was kidnapped by Yemen Security Services and shot on January 26, 2010. He was then held in Yemen's Central Prison. Mobley disappeared from the Central Prison on February 27, 2014. His current location is known to the U.S. Embassy in Yemen (currently closed 2015) but is withheld from his family and legal advisers based on U.S. State Department Regulations on "U.S. Citizens Missing Abroad".

All charges related to "terrorism/terrorist activity" were dropped by the Yemen government. There are no charges relating to allegations of "killing a guard during an escape attempt from the hospital" and there are no other legal proceedings against him in Yemen.

Times Square bomber

Faisal Shahzad, convicted of the 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt, told interrogators that he was a "fan and follower" of al-Awlaki, and his writings were one of the inspirations for the attack. On May 6, 2010 ABC News reported that unknown sources told them Shahzad made contact with al-Awlaki over the internet, a claim that could not be independently verified.

Stabbing of British former minister Stephen Timms

Roshonara Choudhry, who stabbed former British Cabinet Minister Stephen Timms in May 2010, and was found guilty of his attempted murder in November 2010, claimed to have become radicalized by listening to online sermons of al-Awlaki.

Seattle Weekly cartoonist death threat

In 2010, after Everybody Draw Mohammed Day, cartoonist Molly Norris at Seattle Weekly had to stop publishing, and at the suggestion of the FBI changed her name, moved, and went into hiding due to a fatwā issued by al-Awlaki calling for her death. In the June 2010 issue of Inspire, an English-language al-Qaeda magazine, al-Awlaki cursed her and eight others for "blasphemous caricatures" of Muhammad. "The medicine prescribed by the Messenger of Allah is the execution of those involved", he wrote. Daniel Pipes observed in an article entitled "Dueling Fatwas", "Awlaki stands at an unprecedented crossroads of death declarations, with his targeting Norris even as the U.S. government targets him."

Cargo planes bomb plot

The Guardian, The New York Times, and The Daily Telegraph reported that U.S. and British counter-terrorism officials believed that al-Awlaki was behind the cargo plane PETN bombs that were sent from Yemen to Chicago in October 2010. When U.S. Homeland Security official John Brennan was asked about al-Awlaki's suspected involvement in the plot, he said: "Anybody associated with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula is a subject of concern." U.S. Ambassador to Yemen Gerald Feierstein said "al-Awlaki was behind the two bombs."

Final years

Al-Awlaki's father, tribe, and supporters denied his alleged associations with Al-Qaeda and Islamist terrorism. Al-Awlaki's father proclaimed his son's innocence in an interview with CNN's Paula Newton, saying: "I am now afraid of what they will do with my son. He's not Osama bin Laden, they want to make something out of him that he's not." Responding to a Yemeni official's assertions that his son had taken refuge with al-Qaeda, Nasser said: "He's dead wrong. What do you expect my son to do? There are missiles raining down on the village. He has to hide. But he is not hiding with al-Qaeda; our tribe is protecting him right now."

The Yemeni government attempted to get the tribal leaders to release al-Awlaki to their custody. They promised they would not turn him over to U.S. authorities for questioning. The governor of Shabwa said in January 2010 that al-Awlaki was on the move with members of al-Qaeda, including Fahd al-Quso, who was wanted in connection with the bombing of the USS Cole.

In January 2010, White House lawyers debated whether or not it was legal to kill al-Awlaki, given his U.S. citizenship. U.S. officials stated that international law allows targeted killing in the event that the subject is an "imminent threat". Because he was a U.S. citizen, his killing had to be approved by the National Security Council. Such action against a U.S. citizen is extremely rare. As a military enemy of the US, al-Awlaki was not subject to Executive Order 11905, which bans assassination for political reasons. The authorization was nevertheless controversial.

By February 4, 2010, the New York Daily News reported that al-Awlaki was "now on a targeting list signed off on by the Obama administration". On April 6, The New York Times reported that President Obama had authorized the killing of al-Awlaki.

"Terrorist No. 1, in terms of threat against us."

The al-Awalik tribe responded: "We warn against cooperating with America to kill Sheikh Anwar al-Awlaki. We will not stand by idly and watch." Al-Awlaki's tribe wrote that it would "not remain with arms crossed if a hair of Anwar al-Awlaki is touched, or if anyone plots or spies against him. Whoever risks denouncing our son (Awlaki) will be the target of Al-Awalik weapons", and gave warning "against co-operating with the Americans" in the capture or killing of al-Awlaki. Abu Bakr al-Qirbi, the Yemeni foreign minister, announced that the Yemeni government had not received any evidence from the US, and that "Anwar al-Awlaki has always been looked at as a preacher rather than a terrorist and shouldn't be considered as a terrorist unless the Americans have evidence that he has been involved in terrorism".

"al-Awlaki is the most dangerous ideologue in the world. Unlike bin Laden and al-Zawahiri, he doesn't need subtitles on his videos to indoctrinate and influence young people in the West."

In a video clip bearing the imprint of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, issued on April 16 in al-Qaeda's monthly magazine Sada Al-Malahem, al-Awlaki said: "What am I accused of? Of calling for the truth? Of calling for jihad for the sake of Allah? Of calling to defend the causes of the Islamic nation?" In the video he also praises both Abdulmutallab and Hasan, and describes both as his "students".

In late April, Representative Charlie Dent (R-PA) introduced a resolution urging the U.S. State Department to withdraw al-Awlaki's U.S. citizenship. By May, U.S. officials believed he had become directly involved in terrorist activities. Former colleague Abdul-Malik said he "is a terrorist, in my book", and advised shops not to carry any of his publications. In an editorial, Investor's Business Daily called al-Awlaki the "world's most dangerous man", and recommended that he be added to the FBI's most-wanted terrorist list, a bounty put on his head, that he be designated a Specially Designated Global Terrorist, charged with treason, and extradition papers filed with the Yemeni government. IBD criticized the Justice Department for stonewalling Senator Joe Lieberman's security panel's investigation of al-Awlaki's role in the Fort Hood massacre.

On July 16, the U.S. Treasury Department added him to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists. Stuart Levey, Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, called him "extraordinarily dangerous", and said al-Awlaki was involved in several organizational aspects of terrorism, including recruiting, training, fundraising, and planning individual attacks.

A few days later, the United Nations Security Council placed al-Awlaki on its UN Security Council Resolution 1267 list of individuals associated with al-Qaeda, describing him as a leader, recruiter, and trainer for al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. The resolution stipulates that U.N. members must freeze the assets of anyone on the list, and prevent them from travelling or obtaining weapons. The following week, Canadian banks were ordered to seize any assets belonging to al-Awlaki. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police's senior counter-terrorism officer Gilles Michaud described him as a "major, major factor in radicalization". In September 2010, Jonathan Evans, the Director General of the United Kingdom's domestic security and counter-intelligence agency (MI5), said that al-Awlaki was the West's Public Enemy No 1.

In October 2010, U.S. Congressman Anthony Weiner (D-NY) urged YouTube to take down al-Awlaki's videos from its website, saying that by hosting al-Awlaki's messages, "We are facilitating the recruitment of homegrown terror." Pauline Neville-Jones, British security minister, said "These Web sites ... incite cold-blooded murder." YouTube began removing the material in November 2010.

Al-Awlaki was charged in absentia in Sana'a, Yemen, on November 2 with plotting to kill foreigners and being a member of al-Qaeda. Ali al-Saneaa, the head of the prosecutor's office, announced the charges during the trial of Hisham Assem, who had been accused of killing Jacques Spagnolo, an oil industry worker. He said that al-Awlaki and Assem had been in contact for months, and that al-Awlaki had encouraged Assem to commit terrorism. Al-Awlaki's lawyer said that his client was not connected to Spagnolo's death. On November 6, Yemeni Judge Mohsen Alwan ordered that al-Awlaki be caught "dead or alive".

In his book Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U.S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack (2011), former U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman described al-Awlaki, Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad, Muslim cleric Abdullah el-Faisal, and Pakistani-American Samir Khan as "virtual spiritual sanctioners" who use the internet to offer religious justification for Islamist terrorism.

Lawsuit against the US

In July 2010, al-Awlaki's father, Nasser al-Awlaki, contacted the Center for Constitutional Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union to represent his son in a lawsuit that sought to remove Anwar from the targeted killing list. ACLU's Jameel Jaffer said:

he United States is not at war in Yemen, and the government doesn't have a blank check to kill terrorism suspects wherever they are in the world. Among the arguments we'll be making is that, outside actual war zones, the authority to use lethal force is narrowly circumscribed, and preserving the rule of law depends on keeping this authority narrow.

Lawyers for Specially Designated Global Terrorists must obtain a special license from the U.S. Treasury Department before they can represent their clients in court. The lawyers were granted the license on August 4, 2010.

On August 30, 2010, the groups filed a "targeted killing" lawsuit, naming President Obama, CIA Director Leon Panetta, and Secretary of Defense Robert Gates as defendants. They sought an injunction preventing the targeted killing of al-Awlaki, and also sought to require the government to disclose the standards under which U.S. citizens may be "targeted for death". Judge John D. Bates dismissed the lawsuit in an 83-page ruling, holding that the father did not have legal standing to bring the lawsuit, and that his claims were judicially unreviewable under the political question doctrine inasmuch as he was questioning a decision that the U.S. Constitution committed to the political branches.

On May 5, 2011, the United States tried but failed to kill al-Awlaki by firing a missile from an unmanned drone at a car in Yemen. A Yemeni security official said that two al-Qaeda operatives in the car died.

Death

External videos
White House Press Briefing, September 30, 2011, "Jay Carney briefed reporters and answered questions on a number of issues, including the killing of the leader of al-Qaida in the Arabian peninsula (AQAP) Anwar al-Awlaki by a U.S. drone attack in a remote town of Yemen."

On September 30, 2011, al-Awlaki was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Al Jawf Governorate, Yemen. According to U.S. sources, the strike was carried out by Joint Special Operations Command, under the direction of the CIA. A witness said the group he was in had stopped to eat breakfast while traveling to Ma'rib Governorate. The occupants of the vehicle spotted the drone and attempted to flee in the vehicle before Hellfire missiles were fired. Yemen's Defense Ministry announced that al-Awlaki had been killed. Also killed was Samir Khan, an American born in Saudi Arabia, thought to be behind al-Qaeda's English-language web magazine Inspire. U.S. President Barack Obama said:

The death of Awlaki is a major blow to Al-Qaeda's most active operational affiliate. He took the lead in planning and directing efforts to murder innocent Americans ... and he repeatedly called on individuals in the United States and around the globe to kill innocent men, women and children to advance a murderous agenda. is further proof that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates will find no safe haven anywhere in the world.

Journalist and author Glenn Greenwald, who would later collaborate with US whistleblower Edward Snowden, argued on Salon.com that killing al-Awlaki violated his First Amendment right of free speech and that doing so outside of a criminal proceeding violated the Constitution's due process clause, specifically citing the 1969 Supreme Court decision in Brandenburg v. Ohio that "the constitutional guarantees of free speech and free press do not permit a State to forbid or proscribe advocacy of the use of force." He mentioned doubt among Yemeni experts about al-Awlaki's role in al-Qaeda, and called U.S. government accusations against him unverified and lacking in evidence.

In a letter dated May 22, 2013, to the chairman of the U.S. Senate Judiciary committee, Patrick J. Leahy, U.S. attorney general Eric Holder wrote that

high-level U.S. government officials concluded that al-Aulaqi posed a continuing and imminent threat of violent attack against the United States. Before carrying out the operation that killed al-Aulaqi, senior officials also determined, based on a careful evaluation of the circumstances at the time, that it was not feasible to capture al-Aulaqi. In addition, senior officials determined that the operation would be conducted consistent with applicable law of war principles, including the cardinal principles of (1) necessity – the requirement that the target have definite military value; (2) distinction – the idea that only military objectives may be intentionally targeted and that civilians are protected from being intentionally targeted; (3) proportionality – the notion that the anticipated collateral damage of an action cannot be excessive in relation to the anticipated concrete and direct military advantage; and (4) humanity – a principle that requires us to use weapons that will not inflict unnecessary suffering. The operation was also undertaken consistent with Yemeni sovereignty. The decision to target Anwar al-Aulaqi was lawful, it was considered, and it was just.

On April 21, 2014, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that the Obama administration must release documents justifying its drone killings of foreigners and Americans, including Anwar al-Awlaki. In June 2014, the United States Department of Justice disclosed a 2010 memorandum written by the acting head of the department's Office of Legal Counsel, David J. Barron. The memo stated that Anwar al-Awlaki was a significant threat with an infeasible probability of capture. Barron therefore justified the killing as legal, as "the Constitution would not require the government to provide further process". The New York Times Editorial Board dismissed the memo's rationale for al-Awlaki's killing, saying it "provides little confidence that the lethal action was taken with real care", instead describing it as "a slapdash pastiche of legal theories—some based on obscure interpretations of British and Israeli law—that was clearly tailored to the desired result." A lawyer for the ACLU described the memo as "disturbing" and "ultimately an argument that the president can order targeted killings of Americans without ever having to account to anyone outside the executive branch."

Legacy

Seth Jones, an American political scientist specializing in al-Qaeda, says that the continuing relevance of al-Awlaki is due to his fluency in the English language as well as his charisma, precising that "he had a disarming aura and unnerving confidence, with an easy smile and a soothing, eloquent voice. He stood a lanky six feet, one inch tall , weighed 160 pounds , and had a thick black beard, an oversized nose, and wire-rimmed glasses. He spoke in a clear, almost hypnotic voice."

Al-Awlaki's videos and writings remain highly popular on the internet, where they continue to be readily accessible. Those who viewed and still view his videos are estimated by journalist Scott Shane to number in the hundreds of thousands, while his father Dr. Nasser Awlaqi says that "five million preaching tapes of Anwar Awlaqi have been sold in the West." And thus, even following his death, al-Awlaki has continued to inspire his devotees to carry out terrorist attacks, including the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, the 2015 San Bernardino attack, and the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting. According to the Counter Extremism Project (CEP), 88 "extremists", 54 in the U.S. and 34 in Europe, have been influenced by al-Awlaki. Because his work has "inspired countless plots and attacks", CEP has declared that "social media, particularly YouTube, must take action to permanently remove all of al-Awlaki's videos."

FOIA documents

During the FBI investigation of the 9/11 attacks, it was discovered that a few of the attackers had attended the mosques in San Diego and Falls Church with which al-Awlaki was associated. Interviews with members of the San Diego mosque showed that Nawaz al-Hazmi, one of the attackers, may have had a private conversation with him. On that basis he was placed under 24-hour surveillance. It was discovered that he regularly patronized prostitutes. It was through FBI interrogation of prostitutes and escort service operators that al-Awlaki was tipped off in 2002 about FBI surveillance. Shortly thereafter, he left the United States.

In January 2013, Fox News announced that FBI documents obtained by Judicial Watch through a Freedom of Information Act request showed possible connections between al-Awlaki and the September 11 attackers. According to Judicial Watch, the documents show that the FBI knew that al-Awlaki had bought tickets for three of the hijackers to fly into Florida and Las Vegas. Judicial Watch further stated that al-Awlaki "was a central focus of the FBI's investigation of 9/11. They show he wasn't cooperative. And they show that he was under surveillance."

When queried by Fox News, the FBI denied having evidence connecting al-Awlaki and the September 11 attacks: "The FBI cautions against drawing conclusions from redacted FOIA documents. The FBI and investigating bodies have not found evidence connecting Anwar al-Awlaki and the attack on September 11, 2001. The document referenced does not link Anwar al-Awlaki with any purchase of airline tickets for the hijackers."

Family

Abdulrahman al-Awlaki

Anwar al-Awlaki and Egyptian-born Gihan Mohsen Baker had a son, Abdulrahman Anwar al-Awlaki, born August 26, 1995, in Denver, who was an American citizen. Abdulrahman al-Awlaki was killed on October 14, 2011, in Yemen at the age of 16 in an American drone strike. Nine other people were killed in the same CIA-initiated attack, including a 17-year-old cousin of Abdulrahman. According to his relatives, shortly before his father's death, Abdulrahman had left the family home in Sana'a and travelled to Shabwa in search of his father who was believed to be in hiding in that area (though he was actually hundreds of miles away at the time ). Abdulrahman was sitting in an open-air cafe in Shabwa when killed. According to U.S. officials, the killing of Abdulrahman al-Awlaki was a mistake; the intended target was an Egyptian, Ibrahim al-Banna, who was not at the targeted location at the time of the attack. Human rights groups have raised questions as to why an American citizen was killed by the United States in a country with which the United States is not officially at war. Abdulrahman al-Awlaki was not known to have any independent connection to terrorism.

Nasser al-Awlaki

Nasser al-Awlaki is the father of Anwar and grandfather of Abdulrahman al-Awlaki. Al-Awlaki stated he believed his son had been wrongly accused and was not a member of Al Qaeda. After the deaths of his son and grandson, Nasser in an interview in Time magazine called the killings a crime and condemned U.S. President Obama directly, saying: "I urge the American people to bring the killers to justice. I urge them to expose the hypocrisy of the 2009 Nobel Prize laureate. To some, he may be that. To me and my family, he is nothing more than a child killer."

In 2013, Nasser al-Awlaki published an op-ed in The New York Times stating that two years after killing his grandson, the Obama administration still declines to provide an explanation. In 2012, Nasser al-Awlaki filed a lawsuit, Al-Aulaqi v. Panetta, challenging the constitutionality of the drone killings of his son and grandson. This lawsuit was dismissed in April 2014 by D.C. District Court Judge Rosemary M. Collyer.

Tariq al-Dahab

Tariq al-Dahab, who led al-Qaeda insurgents in Yemen, was a brother-in-law of al-Awlaki. On February 16, 2012, the organization stated that he had been killed by agents, although media reports contain speculation that he was killed by his brother in a bloody family feud.

Nawar al-Awlaki

On January 29, 2017, Anwar al-Awlaki's 8-year-old daughter, Nawar al-Awlaki, who was an American citizen, was killed in a DEVGRU operation authorized by President Donald Trump.

Islamic education

Al-Awlaki's Islamic education was primarily informal, and consisted of intermittent months with various scholars reading and contemplating Islamic scholarly works. Despite having no religious qualifications and almost no religious education, Al-Awlaki made a name for himself as a public speaker who released popular audio recordings. Some Muslim scholars said they did not understand al‑Awlaki's popularity, because while he spoke fluent English and could therefore reach a large non-Arabic-speaking audience, he lacked formal Islamic training and study.

Ideology

While imprisoned in Yemen after 2004, al-Awlaki was influenced by the works of Sayyid Qutb, described by The New York Times as an originator of the contemporary "anti-Western Jihadist movement". He read 150 to 200 pages a day of Qutb's works, and described himself as "so immersed with the author I would feel Sayyid was with me in my cell speaking to me directly".

Terrorism consultant Evan Kohlmann in 2009 referred to al-Awlaki as "one of the principal jihadi luminaries for would-be homegrown terrorists. His fluency with English, his unabashed advocacy of jihad and mujahideen organizations, and his Web-savvy approach are a powerful combination." He called al-Awlaki's lecture, "Constants on the Path of Jihad", which he says was based on a similar document written by al-Qaeda's founder, the "virtual bible for lone-wolf Muslim extremists". Philip Mudd, formerly of the CIA's National Counterterrorism Center and the FBI's top intelligence adviser, called him "a magnetic character ... a powerful orator." He attracted young men to his lectures, especially US-based and UK-based Muslims.

U.S. officials and some U.S. media sources called al-Awlaki an Islamic fundamentalist and accused him of encouraging terrorism. According to documents recovered from bin Laden's hideout, the al-Qaeda leader was unsure about al-Awlaki's qualifications.

Works

The Nine Eleven Finding Answers Foundation said al-Awlaki's ability to write and speak in fluent English enabled him to incite English-speaking Muslims to terrorism. Al-Awlaki notes in 44 Ways to Support Jihad that most reading material on the subject is in Arabic.

Written works

• 44 Ways to Support Jihad: Essay (January 2009). In it, al-Awlaki states that "The hatred of kuffar is a central element of our military creed" and that all Muslims are obligated to participate in jihad, either by committing the acts themselves or supporting others who do so. He says all Muslims must remain physically fit so as to be prepared for conflict. According to U.S. officials, it is considered a key text for al-Qaeda members.
• Al-Awlaki wrote for Jihad Recollections, an English language online publication published by Al-Fursan Media.
• Allah is Preparing Us for Victory – short book (2009).

Lectures

• Lectures on the book Constants on the Path of Jihad by al-Ayiri—concerns leaderless jihad.
• In 2009, the UK government found 1,910 of his videos had been posted to YouTube. One of them had been viewed 164,420 times.
• The Battle of Hearts and Minds
• The Dust Will Never Settle Down
• Dreams & Interpretations
• The Hereafter—16 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Life of Muhammad: Makkan Period—16 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Life of Muhammad: Medinan Period—Lecture in 2 Parts—18 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Lives of the Prophets (AS)—16 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA): His Life & Times—15 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• Umar ibn al-Khattāb (RA): His Life & Times—18 CDs—Al Basheer Productions
• 25 Promises from Allah to the Believer—2 CDs—Noor Productions
• Companions of the Ditch & Lessons from the Life of Musa (AS)—2 CDs—Noor Productions
• Remembrance of Allah & the Greatest Ayah—2 CDs—Noor Productions
• Stories from Hadith—4 CDs—Center for Islamic Information and Education ("CIIE")
• Hellfire & The Day of Judgment—CD—CIIE
• Quest for Truth: The Story of Salman Al-Farsi (RA)—CD—CIIE
• Trials & Lessons for Muslim Minorities—CD—CIIE
• Young Ayesha (RA) & Mothers of the Believers (RA)—CD—CIIE
• Understanding the Quran—CD—CIIE
• Lessons from the Companions (RA) Living as a Minority—CD—CIIE
• Virtues of the Sahabah—video lecture series promoted by the al-Wasatiyyah Foundation

Website

Al-Awlaki maintained a website and blog on which he shared his views. On December 11, 2008, he said Muslims should not seek to "serve in the armies of the disbelievers and fight against his brothers".

In "44 Ways to Support Jihad", posted on his blog in February 2009, al-Awlaki encouraged others to "fight jihad", and explained how to give money to the mujahideen or their families. Al-Awlaki's sermon encourages others to conduct weapons training, and raise children "on the love of Jihad". Also that month, he wrote: "I pray that Allah destroys America and all its allies." He wrote as well: "We will implement the rule of Allah on Earth by the tip of the sword, whether the masses like it or not." On July 14, he said that Muslim countries should not offer military assistance to the US. "The blame should be placed on the soldier who is willing to follow orders ... who sells his religion for a few dollars," he said. In blog post dated July 15, 2009, entitled "Fighting Against Government Armies in the Muslim World", al-Awlaki wrote, "Blessed are those who fight against , and blessed are those shuhada who are killed by them."

In a video posted to the internet on November 8, 2010, al-Awlaki called for Muslims to kill Americans "without hesitation", and overthrow Arab governments that cooperate with the US. "Don't consult with anyone in fighting the Americans, fighting the devil doesn't require consultation or prayers or seeking divine guidance. They are the party of the devils", al-Awlaki said. That month, Intelligence Research Specialist Kevin Yorke of the New York Police Department's Counterterrorism Division called him "the most dangerous man in the world".

See also

• Church Committee
• Executive Order 12333
• Extrajudicial killing
• International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA
• Protocol I

• Biography
• Islam
• United States

References

1. ^ "Anwar Nasser Aulaqi - FBI Document" (PDF). Intelwire via Fox News. September 26, 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
2. ^ Cardona, Felisa (December 3, 2009). "U.S. attorney defends dropping radical cleric's case in 2002". The Denver Post. Retrieved December 7, 2009.
3. "Born in US, Al-Awlaki was his birth nation's sworn enemy". NBC News. September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
4. ^ Sullivan, Eileen; Lee, Matthew (July 16, 2010). "US-born radical cleric added to terror blacklist". Fox News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 18, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
5. Rettig, Jessica (September 30, 2011). "Death of Anwar Al Awlaki Doesn't Solve Yemen's Problems". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
6. al-Haj, Ahmed; Abu-Nasr, Donna (November 10, 2009). "U.S. imam wanted in Yemen over Al-Qaida suspicions". NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
7. Finkel, Gal Perl (March 7, 2017). "A New Strategy Against ISIS". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
8. ^ "Islamist cleric Anwar al-Awlaki 'killed in Yemen'". BBC News. September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
9. Rhee, Joseph; Schone, Mark (November 29, 2009). "How Anwar Awlaki Got Away". ABC News. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
10. ^ Burke, Jason (October 2, 2011). "Anwar al-Awlaki obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
11. ^ "Obituary: Anwar al-Awlaki". BBC News. September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
12. Ghobari, Mohammed; Kasolowsky, Raissa (November 2, 2010). "Yemen charges U.S.-born cleric with plot to kill foreigners". Reuters. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
13. ^ "Cleric says American 'devils' must die". United Press International. November 8, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
14. ^ Sudarsan, Raghavan; Shear, Michael D. (December 25, 2009). "U.S.-aided attack in Yemen thought to have killed Aulaqi, 2 al-Qaeda leaders". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
15. ^ Newton, Paula (March 10, 2010). "Purported al-Awlaki message calls for jihad against US". CNN. Archived from the original on April 19, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
16. ^ Shane, Scott; Worth, Robert (November 8, 2010). "Challenge Heard on Move to Kill Qaeda-Linked Cleric". The New York Times. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
17. ^ Miller, Greg (April 6, 2010). "Muslim cleric Aulaqi is 1st U.S. citizen on list of those CIA is allowed to kill". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
18. ^ Shane, Scott (April 6, 2010). "U.S. Approves Targeted Killing of American Cleric". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 8, 2010. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
19. ^ Leonard, Tom (April 7, 2010). "Barack Obama orders killing of US cleric Anwar al-Awlaki". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
20. "Al-Aulaqi v. Panetta; American Civil Liberties Union". ACLU. September 13, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
21. ^ Perez, Evan (December 8, 2010). "Judge Dismisses Targeted-Killing Suit". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
22. ^ Con Coughlin; Philip Sherwell (May 2, 2010). "American drones deployed to target Yemeni terrorist". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on May 6, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
23. "Anwar al-Awlaki Targeted By U.S. Drones After Osama Bin Laden Raid". ABC News. May 6, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
24. ^ Lauter, David; Phelps, Timothy (June 23, 2014). "Memo justifying drone killing of American Al Qaeda leader is released". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
25. Nelson, Steven (June 23, 2014). "Drone Memo Justifying Assassination of U.S. Citizen Released". U.S. News & World Report. Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
26. ^ Shane, Scott (August 27, 2015). "The Lessons of Anwar al-Awlaki". The New York Times Magazine.
27. Richey, Warren (August 31, 2010). "Anwar al-Awlaki: ACLU wants militant cleric taken off US 'kill list'". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
28. ^ Sharpe, Tom (November 14, 2009). "Radical imam traces roots to New Mexico; Militant Islam cleric's father graduated from NMSU". The Santa Fe New Mexican. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
29. ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan (December 10, 2009). "Cleric linked to Fort Hood attack grew more radicalized in Yemen". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
30. ^ Shane, Scott (November 18, 2009). "Born in U.S., a Radical Cleric Inspires Terror". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 6, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
31. Holmes, Oliver (November 5, 2009). "Why Yemen Hasn't Arrested Terrorist Cleric Anwar al-Awlaki". Time. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
32. Newton, Paula (February 2, 2010). "Al-Awlaki's father asks Obama to end manhunt". CNN. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
33. ^ Madhani, Aamer (August 25, 2010). "Cleric al-Awlaki dubbed 'bin Laden of the Internet'". USA Today. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
34. "Imam in Fort Hood case born in New Mexico". United Press International. November 11, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
35. ^ Shane, Scott; Souad Mekhennet (May 8, 2010). "Anwar al-Awlaki – From Condemning Terror to Preaching Jihad". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
36. ^ Ghosh, Bobby (January 13, 2010). "How Dangerous Is the Cleric Anwar al-Awlaki?". Time. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
37. Zimmerman, Katherine (March 12, 2010). "Preacher: The Radicalizing Effect of Sheikh Anwar al Awlaki". American Enterprise Institute. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
38. "Anwar al-Awlaki Fast Facts". CNN. August 23, 2013.
39. Stickney, R. (September 30, 2011). "Anwar al-Awlaki Killed by Special CIA Task Force". NBC News.
40. "Obituary: Anwar al-Awlaki". BBC News. October 30, 2010.
41. ^ "Anwar al-Awlaki, Al Qaeda chief, killed in Yemen by U.S. airstrike: Timeline of his life". New York Daily News. September 30, 2011.
42. Crummy, Karen E (December 1, 2009). "Warrant withdrawn in 2002 for radical cleric who praised Fort Hood suspect". The Denver Post. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
43. Rooney, Katie (September 6, 2005). "Ex-student and chaplain tied to 9/11 hijackers in report". The GW Hatchet. Archived from the original on December 30, 2009. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
44. Emerson, Steven (November 16, 2010). "The Awlaki Effect". Family Security Matters. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved November 17, 2010.
45. Shane, Scott; Mekhennet, Souad; Worth, Robert F. (May 8, 2010). "Imam's Path From Condemning Terror to Preaching Jihad". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
46. ^ Schmidt, Susan (February 26, 2008). "Imam From Va. Mosque Now Thought to Have Aided Al-Qaeda". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
47. ^ Thornton, Kelly (July 25, 2003). "Chance to Foil 9/11 Plot Lost Here, Report Finds". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on February 24, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
48. Federal Bureau of Investigation (September 21, 2001). "FBI Interview Transcript with Anwar Al-Awlaki" (PDF). National Security Archive. Retrieved September 6, 2022. he could not remember any specific conversation with AL-HAZMI, most of them were usually trivial in nature.
49. ^ Rhee, Joseph; Mark, Schone (November 30, 2009). "How Anwar Awlaki Got Away". ABC News. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
50. ^ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (July 22, 2004). "Chapter 7, The Attack Looms" (PDF). 9–11 Commission Report. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 221, 229–30. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
51. ^ "Anwar al Awlaki: Pro Al-Qaida Ideologue with Influence in the West: A NEFA Backgrounder on Anwar al Awlaki" (PDF). The NEFA Foundation. February 5, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2009.
52. Hays, Tom (February 26, 2004). "FBI Eyes NYC 'Charity' in Terror Probe". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
53. Cantlupe, Joe; Wilkie, Dana (October 1, 2001). "Muslim leader criticizes arrests; Cleric knew 2 men from S.D. mosque". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
54. ^ Shane, Scott (2016). Objective Troy: A Terrorist, a President, and the Rise of the Drone. Tim Duggan Books/Random House. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8041-4031-7. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
55. ^ Murphy, Caryle (September 12, 2004). "Facing New Realities as Islamic Americans". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
56. ^ Keath, Lee; Al-Haj, Ahmed (January 19, 2010). "Tribe in Yemen protecting US cleric". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
57. Shane, Scott (2006). Objective Troy: A Terrorist, a President, and the Rise of the Drone. Tim Duggan Books/Random House. p. 98. ISBN 0-8041-4031-6. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
58. Murphy, Caryle (September 12, 2004). "Facing New Realities as Islamic Americans". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
59. Outcalt, Chris (August 2018). "The Long and Winding Case of Homaidan al-Turki". 5280. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
60. Davidson, John (October 18, 2010). "Turning a Blind Eye to Terror". Human Events. Archived from the original on October 20, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
61. Winter, Jana (April 7, 2010). "Some Muslims Attending Capitol Hill Prayer Group Have Terror Ties, Probe Reveals". Fox News. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2010.
62. ^ Sperry, Paul E. (2005). Infiltration: how Muslim spies and subversives have penetrated Washington. Thomas Nelson Inc. ISBN 978-1-59555-003-3. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
63. "Imam Anwar Al Awlaki – A Leader in Need". Cageprisoners. November 8, 2006. Archived from the original on April 2, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
64. ^ Handwerk, Brian; Habboo, Zain (September 28, 2001). "Attack on America: An Islamic Scholar's Perspective—Part 1". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on October 18, 2001. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
65. ^ Begg, Moazzam (January 14, 2010). "Cageprisoners and the Great Underpants Conspiracy". Cageprisoners. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
66. Shane, Scott (May 18, 2010). "Anwar Al-Awlaki: An American Citizen, A CIA Target". NPR. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
67. Taranto, James (September 30, 2011). "'Moderate' Meets Maker". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
68. Alfano, Sean (October 21, 2010). "Anwar Al-Awlaki, radical Islamic cleric wanted by the CIA, ate lunch at Pentagon after 9/11: report". Daily News. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
69. Herridge, Catherine (April 7, 2010). "Exclusive: Al Qaeda Leader Dined at the Pentagon Just Months After 9/11". Fox News. Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
70. Shane, Scott (2006). Objective Troy: A Terrorist, a President, and the Rise of the Drone. Tim Duggan Books/Random House. p. 113. ISBN 0-8041-4031-6. Archived from the original on March 20, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
71. Shannon, Elaine; Burger, Timothy J.; Calabresi, Massimo (August 9, 2003). "FBI Sets Up Shop in Yemen". Time. Archived from the original on November 6, 2003. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
72. Joscelyn, Thomas (November 10, 2009). "The Federal Bureau of Non-Investigation; Retracing A Trail Of Evidence That The FBI Ignored Prior To Ft. Hood". CBS News. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
73. "United States of America v. Anwar Nasser Aulaqi: Warrant For Arrest" (PDF). United States District Court, District of Colorado. June 17, 2002. Archived from the original on August 23, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2010 – via Scribd.
74. "Warrant for Arrest of Anwar Nasser Aulaqi" (PDF). NEFA Foundation. June 17, 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 8, 2010. Retrieved December 15, 2009.
75. "Warrant for Arrest" (PDF). Fox News. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
76. Herridge, Catherine (March 8, 2012). "Mueller grilled on FBI's release of al-Awlaki in 2002". Fox News. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
77. ^ Wyatt, Kristen (December 2, 2009). "Evidence blocked arrest of imam with Fort Hood tie". The Denver Post. Associated Press. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
78. "Congress of the United States" (PDF). Fox News. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
79. ^ Calabresi, Massimo; Burger, Timothy J.; Shannon, Elaine (August 4, 2003). "Why Did The Imam Befriend Hijackers?". Time. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
80. ^ McDougall, Dan; Claire Newell; Christina Lamb; Jon Ungoed-Thomas; Chris Gourlay; Kevin Dowling; Dominic Tobin (January 3, 2010). "Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab: one boy's journey to jihad". The Sunday Times (UK). London. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
81. ^ Gardham, Duncan (November 5, 2010). "Al-Qaeda leader's tour of Britain revealed". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on November 8, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
82. Vidino, Lorenzo (2010), The New Muslim Brotherhood in the West, Columbia University Press, p. 140, ISBN 9780231522298, Founded in 1997 to unite various ethnic Arab activists, MAB is a quintessential New Western Brotherhood organization in its origins, ideology, connections and methodology.
83. Morgan, Adrian (November 10, 2009). "Exclusive: Who is Anwar al-Awlaki?". FamilySecurityMatters.org. Archived from the original on November 13, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
84. "The List established and maintained by the 1267 Committee with respect to individuals, groups, undertakings and other entities associated with Al-Qaida". United Nations. Archived from the original on June 30, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2015. QI.A.156.04. Name: 1: ABD-AL-MAJID 2: AZIZ 3: AL-ZINDANI
85. "Yemen cleric Zindani warns against 'foreign occupation'". BBC News. January 11, 2010. Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
86. Simpson, Glenn R. (April 2, 2004). "Terror Probe Follows the Money:Investigators Say Bank Records Link a Saudi Investor to al Qaeda". The Wall Street Journal. p. A4.
87. Keath, Lee (January 12, 2010). "Yemeni radical cleric warns of foreign occupation". Guardian (UK). London. Associated Press. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
88. ^ Allam, Hannah (November 22, 2009). "Is imam a terror recruiter or just an incendiary preacher?". McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 25, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
89. Begg, Moazzam (December 31, 2007). "Moazzam Begg Interviews Imam Anwar Al Awlaki". Cageprisoners. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
90. Al-Awlaki, Anwar (December 21, 2008). "Salutations to Al-Shabaab of Somalia" (PDF). The NEFA Foundation. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
91. Coker, Margaret (January 8, 2010). "Yemen Ties Alleged Attacker to al Qaeda and U.S.-Born Cleric". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 20, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
92. ^ Coker, Margaret (January 15, 2010). "Yemen in Talks for Surrender of Cleric; Government Negotiates With Tribe Sheltering U.S.-Born Imam". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
93. Erlanger, Steven (January 3, 2010). "Yemen's Chaos Aids the Evolution of a Qaeda Cell". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
94. Soltis, Andy (December 25, 2009). "Fort Hood imam blown up: Yemen". The New York Post. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
95. Al-Haj, Ahmed; Abu-Nasr, Donna (November 11, 2009). "US imam who communicated with Fort Hood suspect wanted in Yemen on terror suspicions". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
96. "Anwar al-Awlaki Dead: Man Connected to Major Nidal Hasan Eliminated". News Bizarre. December 24, 2009. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
97. "Cleric Linked to Fort Hood Possibly Killed by Yemen Forces". Pravda. ABC News. December 24, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
98. Raghavan, Sudarsan (December 28, 2009). "Al-Qaeda group in Yemen gaining prominence". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
99. Isikoff, Michael (December 29, 2009). "Exclusive: Yemeni Journalist Says Awlaki Alive, Well, Defiant". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
100. Newton, Paula (March 10, 2010). "CNN Report: A Message From Anwar Al-Awlaki". Archived from the original on July 19, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2010 – via YouTube.
101. ^ Sawer, Patrick; Barrett, David (January 2, 2010). "Detroit bomber's mentor continues to influence British mosques and universities". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
102. ^ Rayner Gordon (December 27, 2008). "Muslim groups 'linked to September 11 hijackers spark fury over conference'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
103. Sengupta, Kim; David Usborne (December 28, 2009). "Nigerian in aircraft attack linked to London mosque". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on January 31, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
104. ^ O'Neill, Sean (January 4, 2010). "Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab had links with London campaign group". The Times. London. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
105. Doward, Jamie (August 23, 2009). "Islamist preacher banned from addressing fundraiser". The Observer. London: Guardian (UK). Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
106. Doward, Jamie (December 27, 2009). "Airports raise global safety levels after terror attack on U.S. jet is foiled". London: Guardian (UK). Archived from the original on December 29, 2009. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
107. Spencer, Richard (December 28, 2009). "Detroit terror attack: Yemen is the true home of Al-Qaeda". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
108. Spillius, Alex (December 28, 2009). "Al-Qaeda warned of imminent bomb attack". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
109. Gilligan, Andrew (February 28, 2010). "Radicals with hands on the levers of power: the takeover of Tower Hamlets". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on March 3, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
110. Doward, Jamie (January 10, 2010). "UK Muslim TV channel linked to al-Qaida cleric al-Awlaki". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 13, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
111. Chucmach, Megan; Brian Ross (November 10, 2009). "Al Qaeda Recruiter New Focus in Fort Hood Killings Investigation". ABC News. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
112. Sherwell, Philip; Duncan Gardham (November 23, 2009). "Fort Hood shooting: radical Islamic preacher also inspired July 7 bombers". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
113. Gruen, Madeleine (December 2009). "Attempt to Attack the Paul Findley Federal Building in Springfield, Illinois" (PDF). Report #23 in the 'Target: America' Series. The NEFA Foundation. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 1, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
114. Anwar al-Awlaki. "Facebook page". Archived from the original (Screen capture) on February 22, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
115. ^ Egerton, Brooks (November 29, 2009). "Imam's e-mails to Fort Hood suspect Hasan tame compared to online rhetoric". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
116. "Profile: Anwar al-Awlaki" (PDF). Anti-Defamation League. November 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
117. "Abu Talhah Al-Amrikee: An Extensive Online Footprint" (PDF). Anti-Defamation League. May 17, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
118. ^ "Zachary Chesser and Paul Rockwood: latest US citizens linked to al-Awlaki". The Christian Science Monitor. July 22, 2010. Archived from the original on October 26, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
119. Allen, Charles E. (October 28, 2008). "Keynote Address at GEOINT Conference". Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on November 23, 2009. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
120. Al-Awlaki, Anwar (December 27, 2008). "Anwar al-Awlaki:'Lies of the Telegraph'" (PDF). The NEFA Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 1, 2012. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
121. Rubin, Josh; Smith, Matt (August 6, 2013). "'I am the shooter,' Nidal Hasan tells Fort Hood court-martial". CNN. Archived from the original on August 5, 2024.
122. Hess, Pamela; Gearan, Anne (November 21, 2009). "Levin: More e-mails from Ft. Hood suspect possible". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
123. Brachman, Jarret (November 10, 2009). "Expert Discusses Ties Between Hasan, Radical Imam" (Interview: Host Michelle Norris). All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
124. "FBI reassessing past look at Fort Hood suspect". The Monitor (McAllen, TX). Associated Press. November 10, 2009. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
125. "Hasan's Ties Spark Government Blame Game". CBS News. Associated Press. November 11, 2009. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
126. Ross, Brian; Schwartz, Rhonda (November 19, 2009). "Major Hasan's E-Mail: 'I Can't Wait to Join You' in Afterlife". The Blotter from Brian Ross. ABC News. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
127. ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan (November 16, 2009). "Cleric says he was confidant to Hasan: In Yemen, al-Aulaqi tells of e-mail exchanges, says he did not instigate rampage". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
128. "Imam Al Awlaki Says He Did Not Pressure Accused Fort Hood Gunman Nidal Hasan". HuffPost. Washington. Associated Press. November 16, 2009. Archived from the original on September 4, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
129. Esposito, Richard; Cole, Matthew; Ross, Brian (November 9, 2009). "Officials: U.S. Army Told of Hasan's Contacts with al Qaeda; Army Major in Fort Hood Massacre Used 'Electronic Means' to Connect with Terrorists". The Blotter from Brian Ross. ABC News. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
130. Sacks, Ethan (November 11, 2009). "Who is Anwar al-Awlaki? Imam contacted by Fort Hood gunman Nidal Malik Hasan has long radical past". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on November 14, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
131. Barnes, Julian E. (January 15, 2010). "Gates makes recommendations in Ft. Hood shooting case". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
132. Kernis, Jay (April 7, 2010). "Wednesday's intriguing people". CNN. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
133. Al-Haj, Ahmed; El Deeb, Sarah (February 4, 2010). "US cleric: Accused plane bomber was my student". ABC News. San'a, Yemen. Associated Press.
134. DeYoung, Karen (February 6, 2010). "Yemeni American cleric Aulaqi confirms contact with Nigerian suspect". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
135. Apuzzo, Matt; Sullivan, Eileen (February 4, 2010). "Law official: Airline bomb suspect flips on cleric". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
136. Allen, Nick (December 25, 2009). "Detroit: British student in al-Qaeda airline bomb attempt". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on December 28, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
137. Preddy, Melissa (December 26, 2009). "Nigerian with 'Al Qaeda ties' tries to blow up US jet". The Sydney Morning Herald. Agence France-Presse (AFP). Retrieved August 5, 2015.
138. Leppard, David; Dan McDougall (January 3, 2010). "MI5 knew of Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab's UK extremist links". The Sunday Times (UK). London. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
139. ^ Temple-Raston, Dina (February 19, 2010). "Officials: Cleric Had Role In Christmas Bomb Attempt". All Things Considered. NPR. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
140. ^ Forsyth, James (July 19, 2010). "Mahmood seeks answers". The Spectator. Archived from the original on September 16, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
141. Walker, Jonathan (August 1, 2010). "Birmingham MP calls for investigation into claims mosque was used by extremists". Sunday Mercury. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
142. "Khalid Mahmood's false claims increase risk of Islamophobic attacks on North London Central Mosque" (Press release). North London Central Mosque. Archived from the original on July 24, 2010. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
143. "Did Abdulmutallab Meet Radical Cleric?". CBS News. December 29, 2009. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
144. Gilligan, Andrew (July 25, 2010). "Hizb ut Tahrir is not a gateway to terrorism, claims Whitehall report". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
145. Gilligan, Andrew (August 6, 2010). "Our dangerous dalliance with radical Islam". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
146. "Sunday Telegraph removes article". East London Mosque. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
147. Herridge, Catherine (December 28, 2009). "Investigators Recover SIM Cards During Searches of Homes Tied to Abdulmutallab". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 31, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
148. Johnson, Carrie; Karen DeYoung; Anne E. Kornblut (December 30, 2009). "Obama vows to repair intelligence gaps behind Detroit airplane incident". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
149. DeYoung, Karen (December 31, 2009). "Obama to get report on intelligence failures in Abdulmutallab case". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
150. Hider, James (January 1, 2010). "Double life of 'gifted and polite' terror suspect Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab". The Times. London. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
151. O'Neill, Sean (December 28, 2009). "Our false sense of security should end here: al-Qaeda never went away". The Times. Analysis. London. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
152. Meyer, Josh (December 31, 2009). "U.S.-born cleric linked to airline bombing plot". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
153. Raghavan, Sudarsan (January 1, 2010). "Yemen links accused jet bomber, radical cleric". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
154. "American-born cleric appears in al Qaeda video". CNN. April 27, 2010. Archived from the original on May 3, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
155. Worth, Robert F. (February 1, 2010). "Cleric in Yemen Admits Meeting Airliner Plot Suspect, Journalist Says". The New York Times. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
156. "Christmas Bomb Suspect Says Radical Imam Told Him to Bomb Jet, Source Says". Fox News. February 4, 2010. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
157. Glionna, John M. (July 1, 2010). "Official defends targeting Awlaki". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
158. Ackerman, Spencer (April 10, 2014). "American citizen Sharif Mobley is missing in Yemen – lawyers". The Guardian. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
159. ^ Ackerman, Spencer (May 27, 2015). "American prisoner's fate unknown after deadly airstrikes on Yemen jail". The Guardian. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
160. Dreazen, Yochi J.; Perez, Evan (May 6, 2010). "Suspect Cites Radical Imam's Writings". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
161. Herridge, Catherine (May 6, 2010). "Times Square Bomb Suspect a 'Fan' of Prominent Radical Cleric, Sources Say". Fox News. Archived from the original on May 7, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
162. "Times Square Suspect Contacted Radical Cleric". Fox News. NewsCore. May 1, 2010. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
163. Esposito, Richard; Vlasto, Chris; Cuomo, Chris (May 6, 2010). "Faisal Shahzad Had Contact With Anwar Awlaki, Taliban, and Mumbai Massacre Mastermind, Officials Say". The Blotter from Brian Ross. ABC News. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
164. Rayner, Gordon; Bingham, John (November 2, 2010). "Stephen Timms stabbing: how internet sermons turned quiet student into fanatic". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
165. Dodd, Vikram (November 2, 2010). "Profile: Roshonara Choudhry". The Guardian. London.
166. "Woman jailed for life for attack on MP Stephen Timms". BBC News. November 3, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
167. Fefer, Mark (September 15, 2010). "On the Advice of the FBI, Cartoonist Molly Norris Disappears From View". Seattle Weekly. Archived from the original on September 17, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
168. Hannan, Caleb (July 12, 2010). "Molly Norris, "Draw Mohammed Day" Cartoonist, Placed On Execution Hitlist By Islamic Cleric Anwar al-Awlaki". Seattle Weekly. Archived from the original on October 8, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
169. Stelter, Brian (September 16, 2010). "'Mohammed Day' Cartoonist in Hiding After Death Threats". The New York Times.
170. James Gordon Meek; Katie Nelson (July 12, 2010). "No Laughing Matter; FBI warns cartoonist who proposed 'Everybody Draw Muhammed Day' she's on terror hit list". Daily News. New York. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
171. Pipes, Daniel (October 10, 2010). "Dueling Fatwas". The Philadelphia Bulletin. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
172. Sean Rayment; Patrick Hennessy; David Barrett (October 30, 2010). "Yemen cargo bomb plot may have been targeted at Britain". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on November 4, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
173. ^ "Yemen bomb scare 'mastermind' lived in London". The Guardian. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
174. Worth, Robert F. (October 29, 2010). "Yemen Emerges as Base for Al Qaeda Attacks". The New York Times.
175. Atta, Nasser; Ross, Brian; Cole, Matthew (December 31, 2009). "Awlaki: I'm Alive Says Yemen Radical Anwar Awlaki Despite U.S. Attack". ABC News. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
176. ^ Newton, Paula (January 10, 2010). "Al-Awlaki's father: My son is 'not Osama bin Laden'". CNN. Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
177. Cole, Matthew; Esposito, Richard; Ross, Brian (January 25, 2010). "U.S. Mulls Legality of Killing American al Qaeda 'Turncoat'; Opportunities to 'Take Out' Radical Cleric Anwar Awlaki In Yemen 'May Have Been Missed'". ABC News. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
178. ^ "Yemen: Warning by Cleric's Tribe". The New York Times. Reuters. April 9, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
179. Bell, Josh (July 10, 2011). "Killing of Al-Awlaki: Even When Trying to Fight Terrorism, the President Must Still Follow the Constitution". Aclu.org. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
180. Meek, James Gordon (February 4, 2010). "Experts: Al Qaeda in Yemen may send American jihadis, recruited by Anwar al-Awlaki, to attack U.S". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on February 7, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
181. ^ "Yemen's Awlaki family offers deal". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on June 25, 2008. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
182. Somaiya, Ravi (October 30, 2010). "Tracking the News on Air Cargo Explosives". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 4, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
183. Arrabyee, Nasser (May 5, 2010). "Keeping score:Al-Qaeda has a hit list, but so does the CIA. Whose better reflects reality, wonders Nasser Arrabyee". Al-Ahram Weekly. Cairo, Egypt. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
184. "Detroit jet bomb suspect Abdulmutallab 'shown in video'". BBC News. April 27, 2010. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
185. Levine, Mike (April 22, 2010). "Rep. Introduces Resolution to Strip Radical Cleric of US Citizenship". Fox News. Archived from the original on April 28, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
186. "IBD Editorials Awlaki Strikes Again". Investor's Business Daily. April 22, 2010. Archived from the original on May 13, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
187. "Treasury designates Anwar al-Awlaki key leader of AQAP". CNN. July 13, 2010. Archived from the original on July 17, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
188. "Treasury Designates Anwar Al-Aulaqi, Key Leader of Al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula". United States Department of the Treasury (Press release). July 16, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
189. ^ "Canada joins crackdown on radical Muslim cleric". National Post. March 30, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
190. "Awlaki lands on al-Qaida suspect list". United Press International. July 21, 2010. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
191. Johnston, Peter (September 17, 2010). "Anwar al Awlaki: the new Osama bin Laden?". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
192. "Al-Awlaki's YouTube Videos Targeted by Rep. Weiner". Fox News. April 7, 2010. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
193. ^ Burns, John F.; Helft, Miguel (November 4, 2010). "YouTube Withdraws Cleric's Videos". The New York Times.
194. ^ Apuzzo, Matt (November 2, 2010). "Yemen charges US-born radical cleric al-Awlaki". New York Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 5, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
195. ^ "Yemen cleric not linked to foreigner's killing: lawyer". Gulf Times. November 10, 2010. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
196. "Yemen orders arrest of al-Awlaki". Al Jazeera. October 9, 2010. Archived from the original on November 8, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
197. Lieberman, Joseph I. (2011). Ticking Time Bomb: Counter-Terrorism Lessons from the U. S. Government's Failure to Prevent the Fort Hood Attack. Diane Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4379-8122-3. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
198. "Al-Aulaqi v. Panetta". Center for Constitutional Rights. Archived from the original on September 24, 2010.
199. Wilson, Mark (August 5, 2010). "CIA on the verge of lawsuit". Seer Press News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
200. "Lawyers Win Right to Aid U.S. Target". The New York Times. August 4, 2010.
201. Hsu, Spencer S. (August 31, 2010). "Rights groups sue over U.S. authority to use terror kill list". The Washington Post.
202. Spitzer, Arthur B. (August 30, 2010). "Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief (Violation of constitutional rights and international law – targeted killing)" (PDF). United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Retrieved September 29, 2023 – via Center for Constitutional Rights.
203. "United States District Court for the District of Columbia: Civil Action No. 101-1469 (JDB)" (PDF). Aclu.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 29, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
204. Weiss, Debra Cassens (December 7, 2010). "Judge Tosses Suit Seeking to Prevent Targeted Killing of Cleric Who Urged Jihad". ABA Journal. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
205. Butt, David S. (May 7, 2011). "U.S.-born cleric was target of Yemen drone strike". Los Angeles Times.
206. Jeb Boone; Greg Miller (May 5, 2011). "U.S. drone strike in Yemen is first since 2002". The Washington Post.
207. "White House Press Briefing". C-SPAN. September 30, 2011. Archived from the original on March 10, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
208. ^ Griffin, Jennifer (April 7, 2010). "Two U.S.-Born Terrorists Killed In CIA-Led Drone Strike". Fox News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
209. Rushe, Dominic; McGreal, Chris; Burke, Jason; Harding, Luke (September 30, 2011). "Anwar al-Awlaki death: US keeps role under wraps to manage Yemen fallout". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
210. "Islamist cleric Anwar al-Awlaki 'killed in Yemen'". BBC News. London. September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
211. "Terror boss Anwar al Awlaki killed, Yemen defence ministry says". The Australian. Australia. September 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011.
212. Goodman, J. David (September 30, 2011). "American Who Waged 'Media Jihad' Is Said to Be Killed in Awlaki Strike". The New York Times. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
213. Greenwald, Glenn (June 1, 2011). "Criminalizing free speech". Salon.com. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
214. Greenwald, Glenn (September 30, 2011). "The due-process-free assassination of U.S. citizens is now reality". Salon.com. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
215. Holder, Eric (May 22, 2013). "Eric Holder's May 22, 2013 letter to the U.S. Senate judiciary committee chairman Patrick J. Leahy" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
216. Wolfgang, Ben (August 21, 2014). "Court rules Obama administration must justify targeted killings". The Washington Times. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
217. "Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against a U.S. Citizen who is a Senior Operational Leader of Al Qa'ida or An Associated Force" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2014 – via NBC News.
218. Savage, Charlie (June 23, 2014). "Justice Department Memo Approving Targeted Killing of Anwar Al-Awlaki". The New York Times. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
219. Sledge, Matt (June 23, 2014). "Drone Memo Justifying Anwar al-Awlaki's Killing Released". HuffPost. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
220. Editorial Board (June 24, 2014). "A Thin Rationale for Drone Killings". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
221. Jones, Seth G. (2012). Hunting in the Shadows: The Pursuit of al Qa'ida since 9/11: The Pursuit of al Qa'ida since 9/11. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 293. ISBN 9780393084023.
222. ^ Shane, Scott; Pérez-Peña, Richard; Breeden, Aurelien (September 22, 2016). "'In-Betweeners' Are Part of a Rich Recruiting Pool for Jihadists". The New York Times.
223. Shane, Scott (September 17, 2016). "An Al Qaeda Martyr's Enduring Pitch". The New York Times. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
224. Almasmari, Hakim (April 10, 2010). "Dr. Nasser Awlaqi, Father of Sheikh Anwar Awlaqi". Yemen Post. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
225. ^ "Internet Firms Urged to Limit Work of Anwar al-Awlaki". The New York Times. December 18, 2015.
226. "Friend Who Told FBI About Orlando Shooter Omar Mateen Saw a 'Red Flag'". NBC News. June 21, 2016.
227. "Anwar al-Awlaki's Ties to Extremists". Counter Extremism Project.
228. "CEP Highlights Importance of Removing Anwar al-Awlaki from Social Media – Particularly YouTube". Counter Extremism Project (Press release). December 21, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
229. D'Amuro, Pasquale (June 4, 2002). "F.B.I. Memorandum From June 4, 2002, on the Possibility of Filing Prostitution-Related Charges Against Anwar al-Awlaki". The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
230. Herridge, Catherine (January 4, 2013). "Cleric may have booked pre-9/11 flights for hijackers, FBI documents show". Fox News. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
231. "Abdulrahman al-Awlaki's birth certificate". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
232. ^ "An American Teenager in Yemen: Paying for the Sins of His Father?". Time. October 27, 2011. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011.
233. Junod, Tom (July 9, 2012). "The Lethal Presidency of Barack Obama". Archived from the original on January 28, 2013.
234. ^ Mazzetti, Mark; Savage, Charlie; Shane, Scott (March 9, 2013). "How a U.S. Citizen Came to Be in America's Cross Hairs". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
235. Almasmari, Hakim (October 15, 2011). "Official: Drone attack kills Al-Awlaki's son in Yemen". CNN. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
236. Hartmann, Margaret (July 18, 2013). "Al-Awlaki Asks Why 16-Year-Old Grandson was Killed by Drone Strike". New York. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
237. al-Awlaki, Nasser (July 17, 2013). "The Drone that Killed My Grandson". The New York Times. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
238. Pettersson, Edvard (April 5, 2014). "Drone Strike Suit Over U.S. Citizen Deaths Dismissed". Bloomberg News. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
239. "Court Dismisses Lawsuit Challenging U.S. Drone Killings of Three Americans" (Press release). Washington, DC: ACLU. April 4, 2014. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
240. "Awlaki relative led Yemeni raid". upi.com. January 16, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
241. Craggs, Ryan (February 20, 2012). "Tariq al Dahab, Yemen Al Qaeda Leader, Dead, Says Terrorist Group". HuffPost.
242. Scahill, Jeremy; Kebriaei, Pardiss; Shiban, Baraa (February 3, 2017). "Yemen: Jeremy Scahill & Advocates Question 'Success' of Trump Raid That Killed 24 Civilians". Democracy Now! (Interview). Interviewed by Amy Goodman. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
243. Ghobari, Mohammed; Stewart, Phil (January 29, 2017). "Commando dies in U.S. raid in Yemen, first military op OK'd by Trump". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
244. Myre, Greg (January 29, 2017). "Trump Aims For Big Splash In Taking On Terror Fight". NPR. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
245. Colvin, Jill; Al-Haj, Ahmed (January 29, 2017). "Military: First-known combat death since Trump in office". Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
246. Meyer, Josh (November 9, 2009). "Fort Hood shooter's ties to mosque investigated". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
247. Temple-Raston, Dina (December 30, 2009). "In Bomb Plot Probe, Spotlight Falls On Yemeni Cleric". NPR. Archived from the original on March 13, 2010. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
248. Serwer, Adam (May 3, 2012). "Al Qaeda Gripes About Its Fanatical Internet Followers". Mother Jones. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
249. "Who is Anwar al-Awlaki?". The Week. April 7, 2010. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
250. ^ "Profile: Anwar al-Awlaki, Introduction". Anti-Defamation League. May 7, 2010. Archived from the original on May 8, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
251. Al-Awlaqi, Anwar. "Allah Is Preparing Us for Victory". Amazon.com. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
252. Gardham, Duncan (June 11, 2010). "Anwar al-Awlaki: MI5 warns of the al-Qaeda preacher targeting Britain". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
253. Hsu, Spencer S. (November 18, 2009). "Hasan Epitomizes U.S. 'Self-Radicalizing'; Accused Fort Hood Gunman Had Ties to Radical Cleric But Imam's Rhetoric on Web Fell Short of Triggering Legal Action". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
254. "Kill Americans at will, says US-Yemeni cleric". Gulf Times. AFP/Sanaa. November 9, 2010. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
255. Leventhal, Rick (April 7, 2010). "Anwar Awlaki 'Most Dangerous Man in World'". Fox News. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
256. Cole, Matthew; Katersky, Aaron (October 29, 2010). "Awlaki: 'The Most Dangerous Man in The World'". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2010.

Further reading

• al-Ashanti, AbdulHaq and Sloan, Abu Ameenah AbdurRahman. (2011) A Critique of the Methodology of Anwar al-Awlaki and his Errors in the Fiqh of Jihad. London: Jamiah Media, 2011 ISBN 978-0-9567281-4-2
• Murphy, Dan (November 10, 2009). "Fort Hood shooting: Was Nidal Malik Hasan inspired by militant cleric?". The Christian Science Monitor. Boston. Archived from the original on November 13, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2009.

External links

• Ruling of Judge Bates in Al Aulaqi v Obama
• Archive of anwar-alawlaki.com at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
• Anwar al-Awlaki at IMDb

Statements

Interviews

• Handwerk, Brian; Zain Habboo (September 28, 2001). "Attack on America: An Islamic Scholar's Perspective—Part 1". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
• Handwerk, Brian; Zain Habboo (September 28, 2001). "Attack on America: An Islamic Scholar's Perspective—Part 2". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on October 18, 2001. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
• "Exclusive; Ray Suarez: My Post-9/11 Interview With Anwar al-Awlaki" Archived January 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, PBS, October 30, 2001
• "Al-Jazeera Satellite Network Interview with Yemeni-American Cleric Shaykh Anwar al-Awlaki Regarding his Alleged Role in Radicalizing Maj. Malik Nidal Hasan", The NEFA Foundation, December 24, 2009

Media coverage

• Anwar al-Awlaki collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
• Anwar al-Awlaki collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• Anwar al-Awlaki collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• The imam's very curious story: A skirt-chasing mullah is just one more mystery for the 9/11 panel, Ragavan, Chitra, U.S. News & World Report, June 13, 2004
• DBI.gov

v t e Al-Qaeda
Leadership	Saif al-Adel Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki Ahmad Umar Iyad Ag Ghaly Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri Ibrahim al-Banna Ibrahim al Qosi Abu Walid al-Masri Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir Fuad Qalaf Jehad Mostafa Abu Humam al-Shami Sami al-Oraydi
Former leadership	Killed Osama bin Laden (killing) Ayman al-Zawahiri (killing) Mohammed Atef Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil Haitham al-Yemeni Abu Hamza Rabia Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Omar al-Faruq Haitham al-Badri Abu Yaqub al-Masri Abu Talha al-Sudani Abu Laith al-Libi Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi Midhat Mursi Mohamed Moumou Khalid Habib Abu Ghadiya Abu Zubair al-Masri Rashid Rauf Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan Saad bin Laden Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan Abdullah Said al Libi Saleh al-Somali Saeed al-Masri Hamza al-Jawfi Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali Mohamed Abul-Khair Sheikh Fateh Huthaifa al-Batawi Ilyas Kashmiri Fazul Abdullah Mohammed Atiyah Abd al-Rahman Anwar al-Awlaki Samir Khan Tariq al-Dahab Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan Fahd al-Quso Abu Yahya al-Libi Hassan Ghul Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti Said Ali al-Shihri Farman Ali Shinwari Abdelhamid Abou Zeid Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki Said Bahaji Abu Khalid al-Suri Omar Ould Hamaha Ahmed Abdi Godane Abu Yusuf Al-Turki Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah Adam Yahiye Gadahn Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi Nasir al-Wuhayshi Muhsin al-Fadhli Abu Khalil al-Madani Matiur Rehman Abu Firas al-Suri Ahmed Refai Taha Mokhtar Belmokhtar Abu Khayr al-Masri Ibrahim al-Asiri Hamza bin Laden Sari Shihab Asim Umar Qasim al-Raymi Abdelmalek Droukdel Khalid al-Aruri Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah Abu Muhsin al-Masri Captured Mamdouh Mahmud Salim Wadih el-Hage Khalid al-Fawwaz Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Walid bin Attash Riduan Isamuddin Ali al-Bahlul Ahmed Ghailani Abu Faraj al-Libbi Mustafa Setmariam Nasar Abdul Hadi al Iraqi Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi Younis al-Mauritani Sulaiman Abu Ghaith Abu Anas al-Libi Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh Mukhtar Robow Amin al-Haq Other Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri (died) Abu Ubaidah al-Masri (died) Mahfouz Ould al-Walid (left) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (expelled) Abu Mohammad al-Julani (left) Abu Maria al-Qahtani (left) Ahmad Salama Mabruk (left) Abu Omar al-Turkistani (left) Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir (left) Khalid Batarfi (died)
Timeline of attacks	1998 United States embassy bombings 2000 USS Cole bombing 2001 September 11 attacks 2002 Bali bombings 2004 Madrid train bombings 2005 London bombings 2007 Algiers bombings 2008 Islamabad Danish embassy bombing 2008 Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing 2013 In Amenas hostage crisis 2013 Westgate shopping mall attack 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting 2015 Garissa University College attack 2015 Bamako hotel attack 2016 Ouagadougou attacks 2016 Grand-Bassam shootings 2016 Bamako attack 2019 Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting
Wars	Soviet–Afghan War Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) First Chechen War Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) Second Chechen War War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Iraq War Somali Civil War War in North-West Pakistan (drone strikes) Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) Syrian civil war Yemeni civil war (2014–present) Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen Houthi insurgency
Affiliates	Al-Shabaab (Somalia) Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen) Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (North Africa) Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt) Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent (Indian subcontinent) Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (Mali) Hurras al-Din (Syria)
Charity organizations	Benevolence International Foundation Al-Haramain Foundation
Media	Al Qaeda Handbook Al Neda As-Sahab Al-Andalus Media Al-Kataib Media Foundation Radio al-Andalus Shahada News Agency Al-Malahem Media Inspire Az-Zallaqa Foundation Fatawā of Osama bin Laden Al-Khansaa Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit Management of Savagery Voice of Jihad Qaedat al-Jihad Global Islamic Media Front
Video and audio	Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri USS Cole bombing
Related	Safe houses Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory Timeline
Category:Al-Qaeda

v t e Alleged militants in the war on terror who have lived in United States
People listed in italics have died.
September 11 attacks	Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Mohamed Atta Satam al-Suqami Waleed al-Shehri Wail al-Shehri Abdulaziz al-Omari Marwan al-Shehhi Fayez Banihammad Mohand al-Shehri Hamza al-Ghamdi Ahmed al-Ghamdi Hani Hanjour Khalid al-Mihdhar Majed Moqed Nawaf al-Hazmi Salem al-Hazmi Ziad Jarrah Ahmed al-Nami Saeed al-Ghamdi Ahmed al-Haznawi
Buffalo Six	Sahim Alwan Mukhtar al-Bakri Kamal Derwish Jaber A. Elbaneh Faysal Galab Yahya Goba Shafal Mosed Yaseinn Taher
al-Qaeda/al-Jihad	Anwar al-Awlaki Adam Yahiye Gadahn Wadih el-Hage Ziyad Khaleel Khaled Abu al-Dahab Ali Mohamed Zacarias Moussaoui Aafia Siddiqui Bryant Neal Vinas Najibullah Zazi
Boston cab drivers	Mohamad Elzahabi Nabil al-Marabh Raed Hijazi Bassam Kanj
Portland Seven	Jeffrey Battle Ahmed Bilal Muhammad Ibrahim Bilal Patrice Lumumba Ford Mike Hawash October Lewis Habis Abdulla al Saoub
Arrested in 2005 and convicted	Abdulrahman Farhane Mahmud al-Mutazzim Rafiq Abdus Sabir Tarik Shah
Liberty City Seven	Patrick Abraham Burson Augustin Rotschild Augustine Narseal Batiste Stanley Phanor
2007 Fort Dix plot	Agron Abdullahu Dritan Duka Eljvir Duka Shain Duka Mohamad Ibrahim Shnewer Serdar Tatar
D.C. Five	Umer Farooq Waqar Khan Ahmed Abdullah Minni Aman Hassan Yasir Ramy Zamzam
Others	Shirwa Ahmed Yahya al-Bahrumi Mohamed Mahmood Alessa / Carlos Eduardo Almonte Daniel Patrick Boyd / Raleigh jihad group John Walker Lindh Sayed Malike Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah Nuradin Abdi Ahmed Omar Abu Ali Farooque Ahmed Iyman Faris Rezwan Ferdaus Michael Finton Jude Kenan Mohammad ”AustraliWitness” Nidal Hasan David Headley Daniel Maldonado José Padilla Tahawwur Hussain Rana Michael Curtis Reynolds Faisal Shahzad Hosam Maher Husein Smadi Majid Khan Jose Pimentel
Related articles	Detroit Sleeper Cell Virginia jihad network 2005 Los Angeles bomb plot 2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting 2010 Portland car bomb plot 2011 Manhattan plot
Currently imprisoned.    Released after serving sentence.

• Anwar al-Awlaki
• 1971 births
• 2011 deaths
• 20th-century imams
• 21st-century imams
• Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
• Al-Qaeda propagandists
• Assassinated al-Qaeda leaders
• Al-Qaeda leaders
• American al-Qaeda members
• American expatriates in the United Kingdom
• American expatriates in Yemen
• American imams
• American Islamists
• American people of Yemeni descent
• Colorado State University alumni
• George Washington University Graduate School of Education and Human Development alumni
• People associated with the September 11 attacks
• People from Las Cruces, New Mexico
• San Diego State University alumni
• Yemeni imams
• Yemeni al-Qaeda members
• Yemeni Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
• Yemeni Sunni Muslims
• Deaths by drone strikes of the Central Intelligence Agency in Yemen
• Islam-related controversies
• People designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee
• American male criminals
• Yemeni criminals
• Yemeni Islamists
• Yemeni expatriates in the United Kingdom
• Shafi'is
• American Muslim activists
• Assassinated American people
• Assassinated Yemeni people
• Yemeni propagandists
• United States military killing of American civilians
• Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List
• Yemeni Qutbists
• American Qutbists
• Sunni Muslims
• September 11 attacks