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Battle of Jutland order of battle

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World War I order of battle

Maps showing the approach of the fleets to the Battle of Jutland and details of the two major actions.

The Battle of Jutland was fought on 31 May and 1 June 1916, in the waters of the North Sea, between forces of the Royal Navy Grand Fleet and Imperial German Navy High Seas Fleet. The battle involved 250 warships, and, in terms of combined tonnage of vessels engaged, was the largest naval battle in history.

The Royal Navy had established a blockade of the North Sea at the start of the war and the German Hochseeflotte could not match the larger Grand Fleet. The German plan was to use the threat of an attack by their battlecruisers on British ports to lure the British battlecruisers into a trap where they could be defeated by a superior force of battleships without encountering the rest of the Grand Fleet. Aware of all German naval movements, the British fleet sortied to support their battlecruisers and bring the German fleet to battle.

In the event, although more British ships were sunk or damaged, the overall strategic situation was unchanged.

Summary

Ships present

Warships by number and size of main armament
Royal Navy Imperial German Navy
Dreadnoughts 28 in total

8 × 15-inch

10 × 14-inch

10 × 13.5-inch

14 × 12-inch

HMS Agincourt (28,750 tons, 22 kn.)

10 × 12-inch

8 × 12-inch

16 in total

10 × 12-in.

4 × Kaiser class (25,420 tons, 21 kn.)
4 × König class (25,389 tons, 21 kn.)

8 × 12-in.

4 × Helgoland class (22,448 tons, 20.5 kn.)

8 × 11-in.

4 × Nassau class (18,575 tons, 19 kn.)
Pre-dreadnought battleships 6 total'

4 × 11-in.

Battlecruisers 9 total

8 × 13.5-in.

8 × 12-in.

5 total

8 × 12-in (30.5 cm)

10 × 11-in.

8 × 11-in.

Armoured cruisers 8 total

4 × 9.2-in., 5 × 7.5-in.

4 × 9.2-in., 2 × 7.5-in.

4 × 9.2-in., 5 × 6-in.

3 × 7.5-in., 3 × 6-in.

Smaller ships 26 × light cruisers
79 × destroyers (including one destroyer-minelayer) 		11 × light cruisers
61 × torpedo boats

British capital ships carried a larger weight of broadside—332,360 lb (150.76 t) compared to 134,216 lb (60.879 t)—than the German ones.

The German Navy's torpedo boats were of similar size and function to the destroyers in the Royal Navy, and are often referred to as such.

Losses

Losses of the fleets with date of loss
Pre-dreadnought
battleships 		Battlecruisers Armoured
cruisers 		Light
cruisers 		Destroyers /
Torpedo boats
Royal Navy HMS Invincible (31 May)
HMS Queen Mary (31st)
HMS Indefatigable (31 May) 		HMS Defence (31 May)
HMS Warrior (1 June)
HMS Black Prince (1 June) 		3 (31 May)
5 (1 June)
Imperial German Navy SMS Pommern (1 June) SMS Lützow (1 June) SMS Frauenlob (31 May)
SMS Rostock (1 June)
SMS Elbing (1 June)
SMS Wiesbaden (1 June)
 3 (31 May)
2 (1 June)

Abbreviations

Officers killed in action are indicated thus:  †

Abbreviations for officers’ ranks (German ranks translated according to current NATO practice):

Adm / Admiral
VAdm / Vice-admiral : Vizeadmiral / VAdm
RAdm / Rear-admiral : Konteradmiral / KAdm
Cdre / Commodore : Kommodore / Kom
Capt / Captain : Kapitän zur See / KptzS
Cdr / Commander : Fregattenkapitän / FKpt
Lt Cdr / Lieutenant-commander : Korvettenkapitän / KKpt
Lt / Lieutenant : Kapitänleutnant / KptLt
SLt / Sub-lieutenant : Oberleutnant zur See / OLtzS

Other abbreviations

Frhr:Freiherr / title in the Prussian nobility equivalent to Baron)
SMS: Seiner Majestät Schiff / German; translation: His Majesty's Ship)
the Hon.: The Honourable

Royal Navy

Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe
The dreadnoughts King George V, Thunderer, Monarch, and Conqueror of the 2nd Battle Squadron in 1914
Battleship King George V, at anchor
The battleship Agincourt was originally under construction in UK for the Brazilian Navy but then bought by the Ottoman Empire; at the start of the war it was taken into service with the Royal Navy.

Grand Fleet

Began sortie from Scapa Flow 9.30pm 28 May
The Grand Fleet was the main body of the British Home Fleets in 1916, based at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands and Invergordon on the Cromarty Firth in Scotland.

Commander-in-chief, Grand Fleet: Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, KCB KCVO in HMS Iron Duke
Second in Command, Grand Fleet: Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil Burney, KCB KCMG in HMS Marlborough
Chief of Staff: Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Madden, KCB CVO
Captain of the Fleet: Commodore Lionel Halsey, C.B., C.M.G., AdC.
Master of the Fleet: Captain Oliver Elles Leggett

Battleships

2nd Battle Squadron (battleships)

Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Martyn Jerram
Sortied from Cromarty Firth; rendezvoused with Jellicoe's force around noon 31 May
1st Division: Vice-Admiral Jerram
HMS King George V (flagship): Capt Frederick Field
HMS Ajax: Capt George Henry Baird
HMS Centurion: Capt Michael Culme-Seymour
HMS Erin: Capt the Hon. Victor Stanley
2nd Division: Rear Admiral Arthur Leveson
HMS Orion (flagship): Capt Oliver Backhouse
HMS Monarch: Capt George Borrett
HMS Conqueror: Capt Hugh Tothill
HMS Thunderer: Capt James Fergusson
Fleet Flagship (at head of 3rd Division but not part of 4th Battle Squadron)
HMS Iron Duke: Capt Frederic Charles Dreyer

4th Battle Squadron (battleships)

Vice-Admiral Sir Frederick Charles Doveton Sturdee, 1st Baronet
3rd Division: RAdm Alexander Duff
HMS Royal Oak: Capt Crawford Maclachlan
HMS Superb (flagship): Capt Edmond Hyde Parker
HMS Canada: Capt William Nicholson
4th Division: VAdm Sturdee
HMS Benbow (flagship): Capt Henry Wise Parker
HMS Bellerophon: Capt Edward Francis Bruen
HMS Temeraire: Capt Edwin Veale Underhill
HMS Vanguard: Capt James Douglas Dick

1st Battle Squadron (battleships)

Admiral Sir Cecil Burney
Chief of Staff: Commodore Percy Grant
5th Division: Rear Admiral Ernest Gaunt
HMS Colossus (flagship): Capt Dudley Pound
HMS Collingwood: Capt James Clement Ley
HMS St. Vincent: Capt William Wordsworth Fisher
HMS Neptune Capt Vivian Bernard
6th Division: VAdm Burney
HMS Marlborough (flagship): Capt George Parish Ross
HMS Revenge: Capt Edward Buxton Kiddle
HMS Hercules: Capt Lewis Clinton-Baker
HMS Agincourt: Capt Henry Montagu Doughty

Cruisers

The armoured cruiser Black Prince was lost with all hands the night of 31 May–1 June
The light cruiser Boadicea at anchor

1st Cruiser Squadron (armoured cruisers)
Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Arbuthnot, 4th Baronet  †

2nd Cruiser Squadron (armoured cruisers)

Rear-Admiral Herbert Heath

4th Light Cruiser Squadron

Commodore Charles Edward Le Mesurier

Light cruisers attached for repeating visual signals

Other ships under direct command of the Commander-in-Chief

Destroyers

The Faulknor-class flotilla leader (a larger destroyer) Tipperary was sunk on the night of 31 May–1 June taking 150 crew and flotilla captain John Wintour
Acasta-class destroyer Spitfire after having been rammed by the German battleship Nassau during the Battle of Jutland
Faulknor-class flotilla leader Broke at speed
Destroyer Ambuscade
C-class (Cambrian subclass) light cruiser Castor
The bow and stern of the battlecruiser Invincible standing upright on the bed of the North Sea after exploding during the Battle of Jutland. Rear Admiral Hood and her captain were killed along with the crew.

4th Destroyer Flotilla

Captain Charles John Wintour †
HMS Tipperary (Faulknor-class flotilla leader, sunk 1 June) : Capt Wintour †
Group 8 / 4th D.F.
HMS Owl: Cdr Robert Gerald Hamond
HMS Hardy: Cdr Richard Anthony Aston Plowden
HMS Mischief: Lt Cdr the Hon. Cyril Augustus Ward (from 12th D.F.)
HMS Midge: Lt Cdr James Robert Carnegie Cavendish

11th Destroyer Flotilla

Commanded by Commodore Hawksley in HMS Castor, a light cruiser
HMS Kempenfelt (Marksman-class flotilla leader): Cdr Harold Ernest Sulivan

12th Destroyer Flotilla

Captain Anselan John Buchanan Stirling
HMS Faulknor (Faulknor-class flotilla leader): Capt Stirling

3rd Battle Cruiser Squadron

Rear Admimral Hood, commander of the 3rd Battle Cruiser Squadron, was killed during the battle along with all but six of the crew when HMS Invincible exploded

This squadron, temporarily attached to the Grand Fleet from the Battle Cruiser Fleet, was stationed ahead of the main body, with the intention that it join Beatty when the action began.
Rear-Admiral The Hon. Horace Hood, (KIA)

Battle Cruiser Fleet

VAdm Sir David R. Beatty
Battlecruiser Lion, VAdm Beatty's flagship, heavily damaged at the Battle of Jutland
Battlecruiser Queen Mary exploding, 31 May 1916

This force of high-speed ships was subordinate to the Commander in Chief of the Grand Fleet, but operated independently as an advanced guard, intended to reconnoiter the enemy fleet and to engage enemy scouting forces. At its core were six battlecruisers, accompanied by 13 light cruisers, and escorted by 18 destroyers and an early aircraft carrier.
Sortied from Firth of Forth soon after 6.00pm 30 May
Vice-Admiral Sir David Richard Beatty in HMS Lion

Chief of Staff: Capt Rudolph Bentinck

Battlecruisers

HMS Lion: (flagship) Captain Ernle Chatfield

Light cruisers

Attached to the light cruisers was the seaplane tender HMS Engadine (Lt Cdr Charles Gwillim Robinson) carrying two Short Type 184 reconnaissance seaplanes and two Sopwith Baby fighter seaplanes.

Destroyers

Short Type 184 scout plane, the only British aircraft to take part in the Battle of Jutland
Light cruiser Champion

13th Destroyer Flotilla
Captain James Uchtred Farie

HMS Champion (light cruiser): Capt Farie
1st Division / 13th D.F.
HMS Obdurate: Lt Cdr Cecil Henry Hulton Sams
HMS Nerissa: Lt Cdr Montague George Bentinck Legge
HMS Termagant: Lt Cdr Cuthbert Patrick Blake (attached from 10th D.F., Harwich Force)
HMS Moresby: Lt Cdr Roger Vincent Alison (detached to escort HMS Engadine)
2nd Division / 13th D.F.
HMS Nestor (sunk 31 May): Cdr the Hon. Edward Bingham
HMS Nomad (sunk 31 May): Lt Cdr Paul Whitfield
HMS Nicator: Lt Jack Ernest Albert Mocatta
HMS Onslow: Lt Cdr John Tovey (detached to escort HMS Engadine)
3rd Division / 13th D.F.
HMS Narborough: Lt Cdr Geoffrey Corlett
HMS Pelican: Lt Cdr Kenneth Adair Beattie
HMS Petard: Lt Cdr Evelyn Thomson
HMS Turbulent (sunk 1 June): Lt Cdr Dudley Stuart †
Attached Harwich Destroyers (9th Destroyer Flotilla): Cdr Malcolm Lennon Goldsmith
1st division / 9th D.F.
HMS Lydiard: Cdr Goldsmith
HMS Liberty: Lt Cdr Philip Wilfred Sidney King
HMS Landrail: Lt Cdr Francis Edward Henry Graham Hobart
2nd division / 9th D.F.
HMS Moorsom: Cdr John Coombe Hodgson (from 10th D.F.)
HMS Laurel: Lt Henry Dawson Crawford Stanistreet
HMS Morris: Lt Cdr Edward Sidney Graham (from 10th D.F.)

5th Battle Squadron

RAdm Hugh Evan-Thomas
The Queen-Elzaabeth-class battleship Barham, Rear Admiral Evan-Thomas's flagship, at Scapa Flow in 1917

The 5th Battle Squadron was a special unit of fast Queen Elizabeth-class battleships, intended to act as the vanguard of the main battle line. At the Battle of Jutland, it operated with the Battlecruiser Fleet, and was escorted by the 1st Destroyer Flotilla.
Rear-Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas
Sortied from Firth of Forth with the Battle Cruiser Fleet soon after 6.00pm 30 May

Battleships
HMS Barham (flagship): Capt Arthur William Craig
HMS Valiant: Capt Maurice Woollcombe
HMS Warspite: Capt Edward Montgomery Phillpotts
HMS Malaya: Capt the Hon. Algernon Boyle
1st Destroyer Flotilla
HMS Fearless (light cruiser): Capt Charles Donnison Roper
HMS Defender: Lt Cdr Laurence Reynolds Palmer
1st Division / 1st D.F.
HMS Acheron: Cdr Charles Ramsey
HMS Ariel: Lt Cdr Arthur Grendon Tippet
HMS Attack: Lt Cdr Charles Herbert Neill James
HMS Hydra: Lt Francis George Glossop
2nd Division / 1st D.F.
HMS Badger: Cdr Charles Albert Fremantle
HMS Lizard: Lt Cdr Edward Brooke
HMS Goshawk: Cdr Dashwood Fowler Moir
HMS Lapwing: Lt Cdr Alexander Hugh Gye

Imperial German Navy

Vizeadmiral Reinhard Scheer
A line of nine large gray battleships stretches into the distance, all belching dark black smoke from their funnels
Dreadnoughts of the High Seas Fleet steam in a line of battle
Battleship Friedrich der Grosse, VAdm Scheer's flagship
Battleship Kaiser underway
Light cruiser Frauenlob, sunk 31st May
Light cruiser Rostock, scuttled 1st June after being torpedoed

High Seas Fleet (Hochseeflotte)

The High Seas Fleet was the main body of the German surface navy, principally based at Wilhelmshaven, on the Jade River in North-West Germany.

Commander-in-Chief (Chef der Hochseeflotte): Vizeadmiral Reinhard Scheer in SMS Friedrich der Grosse
Chief of Staff: KptzS Adolf von Trotha
Chief of Operations: KptzS Magnus von Levetzow

Battleships

3rd Battle Squadron (III. Geschwader) (battleships)
Konteradmrial Paul Behncke
Flag lieutenant: Korvettenkapitän Frhr Ernst von Gagern
5th Division: KAdm Behncke
SMS König (flagship): KptzS Friedrich Brüninghaus
SMS Grosser Kurfürst: KptzS Ernst Goette
SMS Kronprinz: KptzS Constanz Feldt
SMS Markgraf: KptzS Karl Seiferling
6th Division: KAdm Hermann Nordmann
SMS Kaiser (flagship): KptzS Walter Freiherr von Keyserlingk [de]
SMS Prinzregent Luitpold: KptzS Karl Heuser
SMS Kaiserin: KptzS Karl Sievers
Fleet Flagship (Flaggschiff der Hochseeflotte)
SMS Friedrich der Grosse: KptzS Theodor Fuchs
1st Battle Squadron (I. Geschwader) (battleships)
Vizeadmiral Ehrhard Schmidt
Flag lieutenant: Korvettenkapitän Wolfgang Wegener
1st Division: VAdm Schmidt
SMS Ostfriesland (flagship): KptzS Ernst-Oldwig von Natzmer
SMS Thüringen: KptzS Hans Küsel
SMS Helgoland: KptzS Friedrich von Kameke
SMS Oldenburg: KptzS Wilhelm Höpfner
2nd Division: KAdm Walter Engelhardt
SMS Posen (flagship): KptzS Richard Lange
SMS Rheinland: KptzS Heinrich Rohardt
SMS Nassau: KptzS Robert Kühne
SMS Westfalen: KptzS Johannes Redlich
2nd Battle Squadron (II. Geschwader) (battleships)
Konteradmrial Franz Mauve [de]
Flag lieutenant: Korvettenkapitän Willy Kahlert
3rd Division: KAdm Mauve
SMS Deutschland (flagship): KptzS Hugo Meurer
SMS Hessen: KptzS Rudolf Bartels
SMS Pommern (sunk 1st June): KptzS Siegfried Bölken †
4th Division: KAdm Frhr Gottfried von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels
SMS Hannover (flagship): KptzS Wilhlem Heine
SMS Schlesien: KptzS Friedrich Behncke
SMS Schleswig-Holstein: KptzS Eduard Varrentrapp

Light cruisers

IV. Aufklärungsgruppe ("4th Scouting Group", light cruisers)
Kommodore Ludwig von Reuter
Flag lieutenant: Korvettenkapitän Heinrich Weber
SMS Stettin (flagship): FKpt Friedrich Rebensburg
SMS München: KKpt Oscar Böcker
SMS Frauenlob (sunk 31st May): FKpt Georg Hoffman †
SMS Stuttgart: FKpt Max Hagedorn
SMS Hamburg: KKpt Gerhard von Gaudecker

Torpedo boats

German Große Torpedoboote ("large torpedoboats") were the equivalent of British destroyers .

First Leader of Torpedo-Boats
Kommodore Andreas Michelsen
SMS Rostock (scuttled 1st June) (light cruiser; flagship 1st Leader of Torpedo-Boats): FKpt Otto Feldmann
1st Torpedo-Boat Flotilla (I. Torpedoboots-Flottille)
1st Half-Flotilla (1. Halbflottille): KptLt Conrad Albrecht
SMS G39 (lead boat, half-flotilla): OLtzS Franz-Ferdinand von Loefen
SMS G40: KptLt Richard Beitzen
SMS G38: KptLt Hermann Metger
SMS S32: KptLt Hermann Froelich
3rd Torpedo-Boat Flotilla (III. Torpedoboots-Flottille)
Korvettenkapitän Wilhelm Hollmann
SMS S53 (lead boat, flotilla): KptLt Friedrich Götting
5th Half-Flotilla (5. Halbflottille) : KptLt Theophil Gautier
SMS V71 (lead boat, half-flotilla): OLtzS Friedrich Ulrich
SMS V73: KptLt Martin Delbrück
SMS G88: KptLt Hans Scabell
6th Half-Flotilla (6. Halbflottille): Korvettenkapitän Theodor Riedel †
SMS V48 (lead boat, half-flotilla) (sunk 31st May): KptLt Friedrich Eckoldt †
SMS S54: KptLt Otto Karlowa
SMS G42: KptLt Bernd von Arnim
5th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla (V. Torpedoboots-Flottille)
Korvettenkapitän Oskar Heinecke
SMS G11 (lead boat, flotilla): KptLt Adolf Müller
9th Half-Flotilla (9. Halbflottille): KptLt Gerhard Hoefer
SMS V2 (lead boat, half-flotilla): KptLt Gerhard Hoefer
SMS V4 (sunk 1st June): KptLt Armin Barop
SMS V6: OLtzS Hans Behrendt
SMS V1: OLtzS Hans Röthig
SMS V3: KptLt Manfred von Killinger
10th Half-Flotilla (10. Halbflottille): KptLt Friedrich Klein
SMS G8 (lead boat, half-flotilla): OLtzS Ernst Rodenberg
SMS V5: OLtzS Paul Tils
SMS G7: KptLt Johannes Weinecke
SMS G9: KptLt Hans Anschütz
SMS G10: OLtzS Waldemar Haumann
7th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla (VII. Torpedoboots-Flottille)
Korvettenkapitän Gottlieb von Koch
SMS S24 (lead boat, flotilla): KptLt Max Fink
13th Half-Flotilla (13. Halbflottille): KptLt Georg von Zitzewitz
SMS S15 (lead boat, half-flotilla): OLtzS Christian Schmidt
SMS S17: KptLt Hans-Joachim von Puttkammer
SMS S20: KptLt Albert Benecke
SMS S16: KptLt Walter Loeffler
SMS S18: KptLt Bruno Haushalter
14th Half-Flotilla (14. Halbflottille): Korvettenkapitän Hermann Cordes
SMS S19 (lead boat, half-flotilla): OLtzS Georg Reimer
SMS S23: KptLt Arthur von Killinger
SMS V189: OLtzS Wilhelm Keil

Scouting Force

Vizeadmiral Franz Hipper
The battlecruiser Lützow, Vizeadmiral Hipper's flagship
Battlecruiser Derfflinger firing a full broadside
Seydlitz took a tremendous amount of damage during the battle. It was able to detach from the battle but was on point of sinking when pump steamers saved it

It is perhaps significant that all losses in big ships (Audacious, Indefatigable, Invincible, Queen Mary and Vanguard) were finally due to internal explosions, whereas no large German ships were lost from this cause.

— H.M. Le Fleming,
Warships of World War I (1961),
p. 37
Light cruiser Regensburg in 1920
Commander, Scouting Forces (Befehlshaber die Aufklärungsstreitkräfte): Vizeadmiral Franz Hipper
Flag lieutenant: Korvettenkapitän Erich Raeder

Battlecruisers

1st Scouting Group (I. Aufklärungsgruppe)
Vizeadmiral Hipper

Light cruisers

2nd Scouting Group (II. Aufklärungsgruppe)
Konteradmiral Friedrich Boedicker
SMS Frankfurt (flagship): KptzS Thilo von Trotha
SMS Elbing (scuttled 1 June): KFpt Rudolf Madlung
SMS Pillau: KFpt Konrad Mommsen [de]
SMS Wiesbaden (sunk 1 June): KFpt Fritz Reiß †

Torpedo boats

Second Leader of Torpedo-Boats
Kommodore Paul Heinrich
SMS Regensburg (light cruiser; flagship Second Leader of Torpedo-Boats): KFpt Bruno Heuberer
II. Torpedoboots-Flottille (2nd Torpedo-Boat Flotilla )
Commander Heinrich Schuur
SMS B98 (lead boat, flotilla): KptLt Theodor Hengstenberg

VI. Torpedoboots-Flottille (6th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla)

Lieut. Commander Max Schultz
SMS G41 (lead boat, flotilla): KptLt Hermann Boehm
  • 11. Halbflottille (11th Half-Flotilla) : KptLt Wilhelm Rüman
    • SMS V44 (lead boat, half-flotilla): KptLt Karl von Holleuffer
    • SMS G87: KptLt Siegfried Karstens
    • SMS G86: KptLt Kurt Grimm
  • 12. Halbflottille (12th Half-Flotilla) KptLt Rudolf Lahs

IX. Torpedoboots-Flottille (9th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla)

Lieut. Commander Herbert Goehle
SMS V28 (lead boat, flotilla): KptLt Otto Lenssen

Submarines

SM UB-14, a World War I German submarine

Führer der Unterseeboote ("Leader of the U-boats") in the North Sea Fregattenkapitän Hermann Bauer in SMS Hamburg

The following submarines were deployed to attack the Grand Fleet in the North Sea during the period of the Battle of Jutland

Airships

Typical German Zeppelin

During the battle the Germans used the Zeppelin airships of the Naval Airship Section (Marine Luftschiff Abteilung) for scouting, although in the prevailing overcast conditions they were not particularly successful. The commander of the Naval Airship Section was Korvettenkapitän Peter Strasser, and they flew from bases at Nordholz and Hage in north-west Germany and Tondern (then part of Schleswig; the town became part of Denmark in 1920).

Sortied on 31 May

L.9: KptzS August Stelling (Army Officer, on the inactive list)
L.14: KptLt Alois Böcker
L.16: KptLt Erich Sommerfeldt
L.21: KptLt Max Dietrich
L.23: KptLt Otto von Schubert

Sortied on 1 June

L.11: KptLt Victor Schultze
L.17: KptLt Herbert Ehrlich
L.22: KptLt Martin Dietrich
L.24: KptLt Robert Koch

Did not sortie during the Battle of Jutland

L.13: KptLt Eduard Prölß
L.30: OLtzS Horst Treusch von Buttlar-Brandenfels

Notes

  1. Canada was being built for the Chilean Navy but purchased for the Royal Navy at the start of the war.
  2. In the First World War, German officers ranks were slightly higher in status: both Kapitän zur See and Fregattenkapitän were considered equivalent to a Captain in the Royal Navy; Korvettenkapitän was equivalent to a RN Commander; and Kapitänleutnant and Oberleutnant zur See to an RN Lieutenant (there was no German equivalent of a RN Lieutenant-Commander). To avoid ambiguities (e.g. "Capt" could mean Kapitän zur See or Fregattenkapitän), the NATO system is employed.
  3. 2nd Battle Squadron, 1st Cruiser Squadron and most of the 11th Destroyer Flotilla were at Invergordon, the remainder at Scapa Flow.
  4. Based at Cromarty Firth.
  5. Did not sail: HMS Emperor of India: Capt Charles Royds, the usual flagship of RAdm A. L. Duff, which was in dock.
  6. Except HMS Royal Sovereign ( Capt. A. T. Hunt), which was still working up and did not sail with squadron.
  7. Based at Cromarty Firth
  8. The 2nd Cruiser Squadron had just absorbed Minotaur, Hampshire and Donegal from the disbanded 7th Cruiser Squadron on 30 May 1916. Did not sail: HMS Achilles (Captain F. M. Leake) which was in dock, and HMS Donegal (Capt. W. H. D'Oyly) which was on convoy escort duties in the Atlantic
  9. The Navy List over 1914–1923, and the London Gazette in 1916 (announcing his CB) give his name as "Cloudesley Shovel" but earlier and later editions of the Navy List, his service record, and some editions of the London Gazette give it "Cloudesly Shovel" and the probate records for England and Wales have "Cloudesley Shovell". His obituary in The Times gives his name as Arthur Cloudesley Shovel Hughes-D'Aeth
  10. These did not form part of the line of battle; Abdiel was attached for tactical minelaying and Oak as a tender to the flagship. In addition the seaplane carrier HMS Campania: Capt Oliver Schwann sailed from Scapa Flow at 0130 hrs, 31 May, but was too slow to catch the fleet and was ordered to return at 04:30 hrs 31 May; and the kite balloon tender HMS Menelaus, Cdr C. W. N. McCulloch, did not sail
  11. Three ships of the flotilla did not sail: Cockatrice and Paragon (both in refit) and HMS Victor.
  12. Four destroyers detached from the 4th and 12th Destroyer Flotillas as escorts for the 2nd Cruiser Squadron.
  13. Based at Cromarty Firth except for HMS Marne, Manners, Michael and Mons at Scapa Flow. Did not sail: Musketeer (refit) and Marmion (refit).
  14. Did not sail: Mameluke (refit, Glasgow) and Napier (refit, Glasgow); also HMS Mischief assigned to Group 8/4th D.F.
  15. Attached from 5th Light Cruiser Squadron of the Harwich Force.
  16. Attached from 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron.
  17. all I-class destroyers, except Ophelia, attached from 4th Destroyer Flotilla.
  18. Also known at different times during the war as Cruiser Force A, and the Battle Cruiser Force. At the time of Jutland, British battle cruisers were organized in three squadrons of three ships each, plus a fleet flagship. One of these Squadrons, the 3rd, was temporarily detached to the main body of the Grand Fleet. In addition there were three light cruiser squadrons and the 13th Destroyer Flotilla assigned (augmented at Jutland by additional attached destroyers). The Battle Cruiser Fleet was based at Rosyth on the Firth of Forth, Scotland.
  19. HMAS Australia, the usual flagship of Rear Admiral Pakenham, was in dock at HMNB Devonport following repairs from a collision with New Zealand in April
  20. Did not sail: HMS Negro, HMS Nepean, HMS Nereus, HMS Paladin, Penn and HMS Pigeon.
  21. Attached from 10th D.F., Harwich Force
  22. The 9th Destroyer Flotilla was part of the Harwich Force; this group of six destroyers were attached to the Battle Cruiser Fleet at the time of Jutland, and sailed under this designation with the organization given below.
  23. HMS Queen Elizabeth: Capt. G. P. W. Hope was being overhauled at Rosyth and did not sail
  24. Attached from the Grand Fleet, in company with 5th Battle Squadron. Did not sail: HMS Botha (flotilla leader), HMS Archer, HMS Jackal, Phoenix and HMS Tigress (all refitting); HMS Beaver, HMS Druid, HMS Ferret, HMS Hind, HMS Hornet and Sandfly (all detached to the Nore, as escort to the 3rd Battle Squadron, which was guarding the Thames Estuary against a battlecruiser raid).
  25. Did not sail: SMS König Albert: KptzS Thorbecke (condenser breakdown), SMS Bayern: KptzS Max Hahn (new construction, working up at Kiel), tender SMS T.39.
  26. Did not sail: attached Fleet tenders SMS D4, SMS T96, SMS T98 and SMS T16.
  27. Did not sail: attached tenders SMS Blitz and SMS T20
  28. Did not sail: SMS Preussen: KptzS Frey, detached to Baltic as guard-ship at The Sound, and tenders SMS Pfeil and SMS T49.
  29. Did not sail: SMS Berlin: FKpt Hildebrand, at Wilhelmshaven; and SMS Brummer: KptzS Wilhelm Schulz, at Kiel.
  30. Flagship of the Leader of U-Boats: ‘‘KptzS’’ Hermann Bauer, attached to the 4th Scouting Group for tactical purposes.
  31. German torpedo boat flotillas typically comprised two half-flotillas of five vessels each, plus an additional vessel for the flotilla commander. The boats were given numbers sequentially based on the order in which they were built. In addition, each boat had an initial letter denoting its builder: V for the Vulcan works at Stettin, S for the Schichau Works at Elbing in East Prussia, B for the Blohm und Voss Works at Hamburg, and G for Krupp's Germania Works at Kiel. All but one of the boats that fought at Jutland belonged to the number series than began with SMS V1 in 1911 (only SMS V189 belonged to the earlier series). Boats numbered 1-24 were of the 1911 Type and served in the 5th and 7th Flotillas; boats numbered in the range 25-95 were of the 1913 Type and served in the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th Flotillas. The vessels in the 2nd Flotilla were of a special large type built in 1914-15 and designated Torpedobootzerstörer ("torpedo boat destroyers") .
  32. Attached to the 4th Scouting Group for tactical purposes.
  33. Did not sail: 2nd Half-Flotilla (2. halbsflottille), consisting of SMS G192: OLtzS Mewis, SMS G195: KptLt Mickel, SMS G196: KptLt Frhr von Seld, SMS G193: KptLt Oswald Paul and SMS S165: OLtzS Johannes-Henning Schneider, all under the command of FKpt Hans Kolbe.
  34. Did not sail: SMS V190: Lt(Reserve) Bon-Ed, and SMS G197: KptLt Crelinger.
  35. Did not sail: SMS V74: KptLt Günther Ehrlich, and SMS G85: KptLt Hans Herbert Stobwasser.
  36. Did not sail: SMS V70: KptLt Lemelsen, SMS S55: KptLt Holscher.
  37. Groos, Jutland Dispatches, Anlage 6./7. states KptLt Otto Karlowa in SMS S54 was the leader of the 6th Half-Flotilla on 30 May 1916; however from the narrative (Groos, Jutland Dispatches, p.304) it is clear that Riedel in V48 led the half-flotilla during the battle until the vessel was sunk in action and he was killed; the Second World War destroyer Z6 was named in Riedel's honor.
  38. SMS G172 did not sail as was refitting, SMS V186 sailed, but returned to port prior to action.
  39. Raeder later became head of the German navy of the Weimar Republic and then Nazi Germany. He was sentenced to life imprisonment for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials in 1946
  40. Did not sail: SMS Graudenz: KptLt Beucer, under repair at Wilhelmshaven, and SMS Stralsund: ‘‘KptzS’’ Weniger, in dock at Kiel.
  41. Attached to the 2nd Scouting Group for tactical purposes.
  42. Did not sail: SMS S49: KptLt Bauftaedt and SMS V43: KptLt Carl.

References

  1. Hough 1964, pp. 148–149.
  2. "Edinburgh's War" (PDF). University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  3. Jane's Fighting Ships 1914. p. 155.
  4. ^ Hough 1964, p. 150.
  5. The Admiralty. Jutland Despatches. pp. 33–47.
  6. Corbett, Naval Operations Vol. III Appendix A Archived 6 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Times Saturday, 25 August 1956, pg. 11; Issue 53619
  8. The Admiralty. Jutland Dispatches. p. 402.
  9. The Admiralty. Jutland Dispatches. pp. 338–340.
  10. The Admiralty. Jutland Dispatches. pp. 344–352.
  11. The Admiralty. Jutland Dispatches. pp. 229–230.
  12. The Admiralty. Jutland Dispatches. p. 405.
  13. The Admiralty. Jutland Dispatches. pp. 242–252.
  14. The Admiralty. Jutland Dispatches. p. 400.
  15. Groos, Nordsee vol.5. Anlage 6., pp 466-470 and Anlage 7., pp.471-472 (in German).
  16. Frost, Jutland, Appendix 1, pp. 533-538.
  17. Emmerich, "Type 1911 Torpedo boats", german-navy.de, archived from the original on 8 June 2013, retrieved 2 May 2013
  18. Emmerich, "Type 1913 Torpedo boats", german-navy.de, archived from the original on 8 June 2013, retrieved 2 May 2013
  19. Emmerich, "Torpedobootzerstörer", german-navy.de, archived from the original on 8 June 2013, retrieved 2 May 2013
  20. Emmerich, Michael (7 June 2004), Z6 Theodor Riedel, archived from the original on 17 May 2014, retrieved 2 May 2013

Sources

External links

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