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Berel

-500SAKASTasmolaKulayGoro- khovoItkulSargatAnanyino cultureMassagetaeSauro- matiansMumunDian cultureSABEANSOrdos cultureSha- jingPazyrykTagarChandmanAldy-BelYUEZHISubeshiACHAEMENID EMPIREMAHA- JANAPADASZHOU DYNASTYSlab-grave cultureDONGHUMEROËScythiansclass=notpageimage| Location of Berel (), with contemporary cultures in the 6th century BCE
Geographical range	South Siberia
Dates	5-3rd centuries BCE
Major sites	49°22′24″N 86°26′17″E / 49.3732082°N 86.4380264°E / 49.3732082; 86.4380264
Preceded by	Karasuk culture
Followed by	Aldy-Bel culture, Pazyryk culture, Tagar culture

Saka kurgans
SalbykArzhanPazyrykIssykBoraldayTaksaiEleke SazyTasmolaIngalaTillya Tepe
Arzhan-1 c. 800 BCE Shilikty c. 700 BCE Arzhan-2 c. 650 BCE Bes Shatyr c. 550 BCE Taksai c. 500 BCE Ingala c. 500 BCE Tasmola 7th-5th centuries BCE Boralday c. 600-400 BCE Salbyk c. 600-400 BCE Eleke Sazy c. 600-400 BCE Berel-1 c. 350 BCE Pazyryk-1,2 c. 300 BCE Berel-11 c. 300 BCE Issyk c. 400-200 BCE Tillya Tepe 1st century BCE
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Berel kurgan is an archaeological site in the Katonkaragay District in eastern Kazakhstan. The site is located near the village of Berel. At this site, numerous 5th-3rd century BCE Early Saka kurgans were found.

The excavations have revealed artefacts the sophistication of which are encouraging a revaluation of the nomadic cultures of the 5th to 3rd centuries BCE. The Kurgans contained vast quantities of precious golden jewelry.

Horses were buried in the kurgans next to their owner, and were lavishly decorated.

• Griffins burial mound Berel (5th-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakhstan.JPG
• Catlike predator with protomas of two elk burial mound Berel (IV.-III. B.C.) Kazakhstan.
• Scene of torment burial mound Berel (5-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakhstan.
• Deer in Griffin's beak, burial mound Berel (4-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakstan.
• Tigergriffin arthor work based on Scytian- saka animal style burial mound Berel (5-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakstan.
• Decorated horse from the Berel kurgan (reconstruction).
• Griffin-Shaped Coffin Nail (replica), 4th-3rd century BCE. Gilt Bronze. Berel Kugan, East Kazakhstan. National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

References

1. ^ Panyushkina, Irina P; Slyusarenko, Igor Y; Sala, Renato; Deom, Jean-Marc; Toleubayev, Abdesh T (March 2016). "Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan". Radiocarbon. 58 (1): 157–167. doi:10.1017/RDC.2015.15. hdl:10150/628658.
2. Image file with complete data, Amir, Saltanat; Roberts, Rebecca C. (2023). "The Saka 'Animal Style' in Context: Material, Technology, Form and Use". Arts. 12: 23. doi:10.3390/arts12010023.
3. Zhumatayev, Rinat (1 January 2013). "Royal Mound Baygetobe from the Burial Ground Shilikty". International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering.
4. Wilford, John Noble (12 March 2012). "Artifacts Show Sophistication of Ancient Nomads". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
5. Francfort, Henri-Paul (2002). "Images du combat contre le sanglier en Asie centrale (3 ème au 1 er millénaire av. J.-C.)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 16: 118. ISSN 0890-4464. Ainsi des bractrées d'or à l'effigie du sanglier qui étaient fixées aux vêtements ont été découvertes dans les Kourganes du 6eme siècle de Chilikti (Kazakhstan oriental) et d'Arzhan-2 (Touva)
6. ^ Andreeva, Petya V. (23 February 2023). "Glittering Bodies: The Politics of Mortuary Self-Fashioning in Eurasian Nomadic Cultures (700 BCE-200 BCE)". Fashion Theory. 27 (2): 189 Fig.7. doi:10.1080/1362704X.2021.1991133.
7. ^ "International exhibition of original artifacts «Scythian gold»" (PDF). 2017: 92–97. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
8. People with animals: perspectives & studies in ethnozooarchaeology. Oxbow Books. 2016. ISBN 978-1-78570-247-1.
9. "황금인간의 땅, 카자흐스탄:국립중앙박물관". www.museum.go.kr.

• Saka
• Scythia
• Archaeological sites in Kazakhstan
• Kurgans
• Iranian archaeological sites