Bismuth(III) nitrate - Misplaced Pages

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Bismuth(III) nitrate
Names

Other names Bismuth trinitrate, Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	anhydrous: 10361-44-1 pentahydrate: 10035-06-0
3D model (JSmol)	anhydrous: Interactive image
ChemSpider	anhydrous: 96880 pentahydrate: 141368
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.707
EC Number	anhydrous: 600-076-0
PubChem CID	anhydrous: 107711 pentahydrate: 160911
UNII	anhydrous: 4R459R54N0 pentahydrate: FO2ICY167B
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	anhydrous: DTXSID30883121
InChI anhydrous: InChI=1S/Bi.3NO3/c;32-1(3)4/q+3;3-1Key: PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES anhydrous: (=O)().(=O)().(=O)().
Properties
Chemical formula	Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O
Molar mass	485.07 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Appearance	colorless, white
Density	2.90 g/cm (pentahydrate)
Solubility in water	Decomposes to form bismuth oxynitrate
Solubility	Slightly soluble in acid
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-91.0·10 cm/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H272, H315, H319, H335, H411
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions. The most common solid form is the pentahydrate. It is used in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds. It is available commercially. It is the only nitrate salt formed by a group 15 element, indicative of bismuth's metallic nature.

Preparation and reactions

Bismuth nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth metal and concentrated nitric acid.

Bi + 4HNO₃ → Bi(NO₃)₃ + 2H₂O + NO

It dissolves in nitric acid but is readily hydrolysed to form a range of oxynitrates when the pH increases above 0.

It is also soluble in acetone, acetic acid and glycerol but practically insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate.

Some uses in organic synthesis have been reported for example the nitration of aromatic compounds and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.

Bismuth nitrate forms insoluble complexes with pyrogallol and cupferron and these have been the basis of gravimetric methods of determining bismuth content.

On heating bismuth nitrate can decompose forming nitrogen dioxide, NO₂.

Structure

The crystal form is triclinic, and contains 10 coordinate Bi, (three bidentate nitrate ions and four water molecules).

References

^ Lazarini, F. (15 August 1985). "Redetermination of the structure of bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3.5H2O". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 41 (8): 1144–1145. Bibcode:1985AcCrC..41.1144L. doi:10.1107/S0108270185006916.
^ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN 978-1138561632.
"Normal Bismuth Nitrate, Bi(NO₃)₃".
Mary Eagleson (1994). Concise encyclopedia chemistry. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-011451-8.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Rich, Ronald (2007). Inorganic Reactions in Water (e-book). Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-73962-3.
Lazarini, F. (1981). "Thermal dehydration of some basic bismuth nitrates". Thermochimica Acta. 46 (1): 53–55. Bibcode:1981TcAc...46...53L. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(81)85076-9. ISSN 0040-6031.
^ Suzuki, Hitomi, ed. (2001). Organobismuth Chemistry. Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-20528-4.
A.I. Vogel,(1951), Quantitative Inorganic analysis, (2d edition), Longmans Green and Co
Krabbe, S.W.; Mohan, R.S. (2012). "Environmentally friendly organic synthesis using Bi(III) compounds". In Ollevier, Thierry (ed.). Topics in Current chemistry 311, Bismuth-Mediated Organic Reactions. Springer. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-3-642-27239-4.