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Calorimetric Electron Telescope

Alternative names	CALET
Organization	JAXA
Telescope style	space telescope
[edit on Wikidata]

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space telescope being mainly used to perform high precision observations of electrons and gamma rays. It tracks the trajectory of electrons, protons, nuclei, and gamma rays and measures their direction, charge and energy, which may help understand the nature of dark matter or nearby sources of high-energy particle acceleration.

The mission was developed and sponsored by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), involving teams from Japan, Italy, and the United States. CALET was launched aboard JAXA's H-II Transfer Vehicle Kounotori 5 (HTV-5) on 19 August 2015, and was placed on the International Space Station's Japanese Kibo module.

Overview

CALET is an astrophysics mission that searches for signatures of dark matter and provides the highest energy direct measurements of the cosmic ray electron spectrum in order to observe discrete sources of high-energy particle acceleration in our local region of the galaxy. The mission was developed and sponsored by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), involving teams from Japan, Italy, and the United States. It seeks to understand the mechanisms of particle acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in our galaxy, to identify their sources of acceleration, their elemental composition as a function of energy, and possibly to unveil the nature of dark matter. Such sources seem to be able to accelerate particles to energies far higher than scientists can achieve on Earth using the largest accelerators. Understanding how nature does this is important to space travel and has possible applications here on Earth. The CALET Principal Investigator is Shoji Torii from the Waseda University, Japan; John Wefel is the co-principal investigator for the US team; Pier S. Marrocchesi, is the co-investigator from the Italy team.

Unlike optical telescopes, CALET operates in a scanning mode. It records each cosmic ray event that enters its field of view and triggers its detectors to take measurements of the cosmic ray in the extremely high energy region of teraelectronvolts (TeV, one trillion electronvolts). These measurements are recorded on the space station and sent to a ground station at Waseda University for analyses. CALET may also yield evidence of rare interactions between matter and dark matter by working in synergy with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) – also aboard the ISS – that is looking at positrons and antiprotons to identify dark matter. Observations will be carried out more than 5 years.

CALET contains a sub-payload CIRC (Compact Infrared Camera) to observe the Earth's surface in order to detect forest fires.

Objectives

The objectives are to understand the following:

1. origin and mechanisms of acceleration of high-energy cosmic rays and gamma rays
2. propagation mechanism of cosmic rays throughout the Galaxy
3. identity of dark matter

As a cosmic ray observatory, CALET aims to clarify high energy space phenomena and dark matter from two perspectives; one is particle creation and annihilation in the field of particle physics (or nuclear physics) and the other is particle acceleration and propagation in the field of space physics.

Results

CALET first published data on half a million electron and positron cosmic ray events in 2017, finding a spectral index of −3.152 ± 0.016 above 30 GeV.

See also

• List of X-ray space telescopes

References

1. "NASA - Fermi's Latest Gamma-ray Census Highlights Cosmic Mysteries". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-05-31.
2. ^ Dunn, Andrea (9 October 2014). "Dark Matter and Particle Acceleration in Near Space". NASA News. Archived from the original on 2016-09-12. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
3. "Hubble Maps the Cosmic Web of "Clumpy" Dark Matter in 3-D" (Press release). NASA. 7 January 2007.
4. "CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) – at NASA". Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency (JAXA). 27 August 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
5. ^ CALET aboard the ISS Kibo Started the First Direct Electron Observation in Tera Electron Volt Region. JAXA Press Release. 22 October 2015.
6. CALET USA. Waseda University (2015).
7. "CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET): Background". Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency (JAXA). 24 April 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
8. "Compact Infrared Camera(CIRC)". JAXA. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
9. "CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET): Background". Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency (JAXA). 24 April 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
10. CALET Collaboration; Adriani, O.; Akaike, Y.; Asano, K.; Asaoka, Y.; Bagliesi, M. G.; Bigongiari, G.; Binns, W. R.; Bonechi, S. (2017-11-01). "Energy Spectrum of Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron from 10 GeV to 3 TeV Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station". Physical Review Letters. 119 (18): 181101. arXiv:1712.01711. Bibcode:2017PhRvL.119r1101A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.181101. PMID 29219544. S2CID 206301476.
11. "First cosmic-ray results from CALET on the ISS – CERN Courier". cerncourier.com. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-17.

External links

• "Status and performance of the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station". (PDF) By Roberta Sparvoli.
• CALET brochure in English (PDF) at JAXA.

v t e Dark matter
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Hypothetical particles	Axino Axion Dark photon LSP Minicharged particle Neutralino Sterile neutrino SIMP WIMP WISP
Theories and objects	Cuspy halo problem Dark fluid Dark galaxy Dark globular cluster Dark matter halo Dark radiation Dark star Dwarf galaxy problem Halo mass function Mass dimension one fermions Massive compact halo object Mirror matter Navarro–Frenk–White profile Scalar field dark matter
Search experiments	Direct detection ADMX ANAIS ArDM CDEX CDMS CLEAN CoGeNT COSINE COSINUS COUPP CRESST CUORE D3 DAMA/LIBRA DAMA/NaI DAMIC DarkSide DARWIN DEAP DM-Ice DMTPC DRIFT EDELWEISS EURECA KIMS LUX LZ MACRO MIMAC NAIAD NEWAGE NEWS-G PandaX PICASSO PICO ROSEBUD SABRE SIMPLE TREX-DM UKDMC WARP XENON XMASS ZEPLIN Indirect detection AMS-02 ANTARES ATIC CALET CAST DAMPE Fermi HAWC HESS IceCube MAGIC MOA OGLE PAMELA VERITAS Other projects MultiDark PVLAS
Potential dark galaxies	HE0450-2958 HVC 127-41-330 Smith's Cloud VIRGOHI21
Related	Antimatter Dark energy Exotic matter Galaxy formation and evolution Illustris project Imaginary mass Negative mass UniverseMachine
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