| Cannabidiolic acid synthase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 1.21.3.8 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
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Cannabidiolic acid synthase (EC 1.21.3.8, CBDA synthase) is an enzyme with systematic name cannabigerolate:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing, cannabidiolate-forming). It is an oxidoreductase found in Cannabis sativa that catalyses the formation of cannabidiolate, a carboxylated precursor of cannabidiol.
Enzyme structure
Cannabidiolic acid synthase consists of a single protein with a molecular mass of 74 kDa. Its amino acid sequence is partly (40-50%) homologous to several other oxidoreductases, such as berberine bridge enzyme in Eschscholzia californica and Nectarin V in Nicotiana langsdorffii X N. sanderae.
CBDA synthase has four binding sites; two for FAD and two for the substrate.
Enzyme function
Cannabidiolic acid synthase catalyses the production of cannabidiolate predominantly from cannabigerolate by stereospecific oxidative cyclization of the geranyl group of cannabigerolic acid according to the following chemical reaction:
- cannabigerolate + O2 → cannabidiolate + H2O2
Cannabinerolate can also be used as a substrate, but with lower efficiency (KM=0.137 mM) than cannabigerolate (KM=0.206 mM). It covalently binds FAD, and does require coenzymes & molecular oxygen for the oxidocyclization reaction.
The optimum pH for CBDA synthase is 5.0.
References
- ^ Taura F, Morimoto S, Shoyama Y (July 1996). "Purification and characterization of cannabidiolic-acid synthase from Cannabis sativa L.. Biochemical analysis of a novel enzyme that catalyzes the oxidocyclization of cannabigerolic acid to cannabidiolic acid". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (29): 17411–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.29.17411. PMID 8663284.
- ^ Taura F, Sirikantaramas S, Shoyama Y, Yoshikai K, Shoyama Y, Morimoto S (June 2007). "Cannabidiolic-acid synthase, the chemotype-determining enzyme in the fiber-type Cannabis sativa". FEBS Letters. 581 (16): 2929–34. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.043. PMID 17544411.
- Kutchan TM, Dittrich H (October 1995). "Characterization and mechanism of the berberine bridge enzyme, a covalently flavinylated oxidase of benzophenanthridine alkaloid biosynthesis in plants". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (41): 24475–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.41.24475. PMID 7592663.
- Carter CJ, Thornburg RW (January 2004). "Tobacco nectarin V is a flavin-containing berberine bridge enzyme-like protein with glucose oxidase activity". Plant Physiology. 134 (1): 460–9. doi:10.1104/pp.103.027482. PMC 316325. PMID 14730073.
- "CBDAS - Cannabidiolic acid synthase precursor - Cannabis sativa (Hemp) - CBDAS gene & protein". UniProt. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
External links
- Cannabidiolic+acid+synthase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
| Other oxidoreductases (EC 1.15–1.21) | |
|---|---|
| 1.15: Acting on superoxide as acceptor | |
| 1.16: Oxidizing metal ions | |
| 1.17: Acting on CH or CH2 groups | |
| 1.18: Acting on iron–sulfur proteins as donors | |
| 1.19: Acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor | |
| 1.20: Acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors | |
| 1.21: Acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond | |
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