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Naturally occurring cadmium (₄₈Cd) is composed of 8 isotopes. For two of them, natural radioactivity was observed, and three others are predicted to be radioactive but their decays have not been observed, due to extremely long half-lives. The two natural radioactive isotopes are Cd (beta decay, half-life is 8.04 × 10 years) and Cd (two-neutrino double beta decay, half-life is 2.8 × 10 years). The other three are Cd, Cd (double electron capture), and Cd (double beta decay); only lower limits on their half-life times have been set. Three isotopes—Cd, Cd, and Cd—are theoretically stable. Among the isotopes absent in natural cadmium, the most long-lived are Cd with a half-life of 462.6 days, and Cd with a half-life of 53.46 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 2.5 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 5 minutes. This element also has 12 known meta states, with the most stable being Cd (t_1/2 14.1 years), Cd (t_1/2 44.6 days) and Cd (t_1/2 3.36 hours).

The known isotopes of cadmium range in atomic mass from 94.950 u (Cd) to 131.946 u (Cd). The primary decay mode before the second most abundant stable isotope, Cd, is electron capture and the primary modes after are beta emission and electron capture. The primary decay product before Cd is element 47 (silver) and the primary product after is element 49 (indium).

A 2021 study has shown at high ionic strengths, Cd isotope fractionation mainly depends on its complexation with carboxylic sites. At low ionic strengths, nonspecific Cd binding induced by electrostatic attractions plays a dominant role and promotes Cd isotope fractionation during complexation.

List of isotopes

1. Cd – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
5. Modes of decay:

   EC:	Electron capture
   IT:	Isomeric transition
   n:	Neutron emission
   p:	Proton emission

6. Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. ^ # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
10. Believed to decay by ββ to Pd with a half-life over 4.1×10 years
11. Believed to decay by ββ to Pd with a half-life over 4.1×10 years
12. ^ Fission product
13. ^ Primordial radionuclide
14. Believed to undergo ββ decay to Sn with a half-life over 6.4×10 years

• Hyperdeformation is predicted to be found in Cd.

Cadmium-113m

Cadmium-113m is a cadmium radioisotope and nuclear isomer with a half-life of 14.1 years. In a normal thermal reactor, it has a very low fission product yield, plus its large neutron capture cross section means that most of even the small amount produced is destroyed in the course of the nuclear fuel's burnup; thus, this isotope is not a significant contributor to nuclear waste.

Fast fission or fission of some heavier actinides will produce Cd at higher yields.

References

1. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
2. "Standard Atomic Weights: Cadmium". CIAAW. 2013.
3. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
4. Ratié, Gildas; Chrastný, Vladislav; Guinoiseau, Damien; Marsac, Rémi; Vaňková, Zuzana; Komárek, Michael (2021-06-01). "Cadmium Isotope Fractionation during Complexation with Humic Acid". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (11): 7430–7444. Bibcode:2021EnST...55.7430R. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00646. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 33970606. S2CID 234361430.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
• "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

v t e Isotopes of the chemical elements
Group 1 2   3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Period Hydrogen and alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Pnicto­gens Chal­co­gens Halo­gens Noble gases ① Isotopes § ListH1 Isotopes § ListHe2 ② Isotopes § ListLi3 Isotopes § ListBe4 Isotopes § ListB5 Isotopes § ListC6 Isotopes § ListN7 Isotopes § ListO8 Isotopes § ListF9 Isotopes § ListNe10 ③ Isotopes § ListNa11 Isotopes § ListMg12 Isotopes § ListAl13 Isotopes § ListSi14 Isotopes § ListP15 Isotopes § ListS16 Isotopes § ListCl17 Isotopes § ListAr18 ④ Isotopes § ListK19 Isotopes § ListCa20 Isotopes § ListSc21 Isotopes § ListTi22 Isotopes § ListV23 Isotopes § ListCr24 Isotopes § ListMn25 Isotopes § ListFe26 Isotopes § ListCo27 Isotopes § ListNi28 Isotopes § ListCu29 Isotopes § ListZn30 Isotopes § ListGa31 Isotopes § ListGe32 Isotopes § ListAs33 Isotopes § ListSe34 Isotopes § ListBr35 Isotopes § ListKr36 ⑤ Isotopes § ListRb37 Isotopes § ListSr38 Isotopes § ListY39 Isotopes § ListZr40 Isotopes § ListNb41 Isotopes § ListMo42 Isotopes § ListTc43 Isotopes § ListRu44 Isotopes § ListRh45 Isotopes § ListPd46 Isotopes § ListAg47 Isotopes § ListCd48 Isotopes § ListIn49 Isotopes § ListSn50 Isotopes § ListSb51 Isotopes § ListTe52 Isotopes § ListI53 Isotopes § ListXe54 ⑥ Isotopes § ListCs55 Isotopes § ListBa56 Isotopes § ListLu71 Isotopes § ListHf72 Isotopes § ListTa73 Isotopes § ListW74 Isotopes § ListRe75 Isotopes § ListOs76 Isotopes § ListIr77 Isotopes § ListPt78 Isotopes § ListAu79 Isotopes § ListHg80 Isotopes § ListTl81 Isotopes § ListPb82 Isotopes § ListBi83 Isotopes § ListPo84 Isotopes § ListAt85 Isotopes § ListRn86 ⑦ Isotopes § ListFr87 Isotopes § ListRa88 Isotopes § ListLr103 Isotopes § ListRf104 Isotopes § ListDb105 Isotopes § ListSg106 Isotopes § ListBh107 Isotopes § ListHs108 Isotopes § ListMt109 Isotopes § ListDs110 Isotopes § ListRg111 Isotopes § ListCn112 Isotopes § ListNh113 Isotopes § ListFl114 Isotopes § ListMc115 Isotopes § ListLv116 Isotopes § ListTs117 Isotopes § ListOg118 ⑧ Isotopes § ListUue119 Isotopes § ListUbn120 Isotopes § ListLa57 Isotopes § ListCe58 Isotopes § ListPr59 Isotopes § ListNd60 Isotopes § ListPm61 Isotopes § ListSm62 Isotopes § ListEu63 Isotopes § ListGd64 Isotopes § ListTb65 Isotopes § ListDy66 Isotopes § ListHo67 Isotopes § ListEr68 Isotopes § ListTm69 Isotopes § ListYb70   Isotopes § ListAc89 Isotopes § ListTh90 Isotopes § ListPa91 Isotopes § ListU92 Isotopes § ListNp93 Isotopes § ListPu94 Isotopes § ListAm95 Isotopes § ListCm96 Isotopes § ListBk97 Isotopes § ListCf98 Isotopes § ListEs99 Isotopes § ListFm100 Isotopes § ListMd101 Isotopes § ListNo102
Table of nuclides Categories: Isotopes Tables of nuclides Metastable isotopes Isotopes by element

• Isotopes of cadmium
• Cadmium
• Lists of isotopes by element