Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park

(Redirected from Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park) Preserved battlefields of the American Civil War in Georgia and Tennessee, United States

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Cannon Row
Location in TennesseeShow map of TennesseeLocation in United StatesShow map of the United States
Location	Catoosa, Dade, & Walker County, Georgia & Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States
Nearest city	Chattanooga, Tennessee
Coordinates	34°56′24″N 85°15′36″W / 34.94000°N 85.26000°W / 34.94000; -85.26000
Area	9,523 acres (38.54 km)
Established	August 19, 1890
Visitors	1,021,822 (in 2023)
Governing body	National Park Service
Website	Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district

Location	S of Chattanooga on U.S. 27, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
Built	1890
Built by	United States War Department, National Park Service
Architectural style	Bungalow/Craftsman, Single-pen log cabin
NRHP reference No.	66000274
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, located in northern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee, preserves the sites of two major battles of the American Civil War: the Battle of Chickamauga and the Siege of Chattanooga. A detailed history of the park's development was provided by the National Park Service in 1998.

History

Starting in 1890, during the decade, the Congress of the United States authorized the establishment of the first four national military parks: Chickamauga and Chattanooga, Shiloh, Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

The first and largest of these (5,300 acres or 2,145 ha), and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based, was authorized in 1890 at Chickamauga, Georgia and Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was officially dedicated in September 1895. It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals Henry V. Boynton and Ferdinand Van Derveer, both veterans of the Union Army of the Cumberland, who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields. Another early proponent and driving force behind the park's creation was Ohio General Henry M. Cist, who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888. Franklin Guest Smith, a former Union officer still on active duty, served as secretary and member of the board of commissioners from 1893 until his 1903 military retirement, and served in the same role as a civilian until 1908. Another former Union officer, Charles H. Grosvenor, was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917. During the Park's early years, it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial. The National Park Service took over site management in 1933.

Use during the Spanish–American War

The newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was used during the Spanish–American War as a major training center for troops in the southern states. The park was temporarily renamed "Camp George H. Thomas" in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site. The park's proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south.

Park areas

The military park consists of four main areas, and a few small isolated reservations, around Chattanooga.

Chickamauga Battlefield
Missionary Ridge
Lookout Mountain Battlefield and Point Park
Moccasin Bend

On October 15, 1966, as with all historic areas already administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

On February 20, 2003, Public Law No: 108-7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park. Moccasin Bend Archaeological District, designated a National Historic Landmark on September 8, 1986, is directly across the Tennessee River from Lookout Mountain. It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement. There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend, including two hiking trails (the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road) and a ten-acre meadow. Each of these areas is open to the public. The park anticipates further development, land restoration, and visitor services in the years to come.

References

"Listing of acreage – December 31, 2020" (XLSX). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved August 15, 2021. (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
"NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved September 23, 2024.
"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
Jill K. Hanson and Robert W. Blvthe (February 10, 1998). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park". National Park Service. and more than 100 accompanying photos
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) <http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/LSU_CNP>
"Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, pages 14-15.
Suter, J. L., ed. (1908). District of Columbia: Concise Biographies of Its Prominent and Representative Contemporary Citizens. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Press. p. 434 – via Google Books.
"Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, page 15.
"The Troops at Chickamauga, Park now called Camp George H. Thomas". The New York Times. April 23, 1898. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
"Spanish–American War". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
"Visit". Friends of Moccasin Bend. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.

External links

Official website
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_CNP
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation:
- HAER No. GA-95, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Fort Oglethorpe, Catoosa County, GA", 54 photos, 15 measured drawings, 9 data pages, 4 photo caption pages
- HAER No. GA-95-A, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Alexander's Bridge", 10 photos, 2 measured drawings, 15 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- HAER No. GA-95-B, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Connecting Roadway", 4 photos, 2 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- HAER No. GA-95-C, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Gordon's Slough Bridge", 4 photos, 2 measured drawings, 9 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- HAER No. TN-36, "Chattanooga National Military Park Tour Roads, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN", 32 photos, 2 data pages, 3 photo caption pages

Chattanooga, Tennessee area landmarks

Current

Bridges/dams	Chickamauga Dam Market Street Bridge Olgiati Bridge Tenbridge Veterans Memorial Bridge Walnut Street Bridge Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge
Commercial	Chattanooga Choo-Choo Hotel Chattanooga Market Delta Queen Eastgate Towne Center Enterprise South Industrial Park Hamilton Place Mall Northgate Mall The Read House Hotel Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant
Educational	Chattanooga School for the Arts & Sciences Clarence T. Jones Observatory First Baptist Church Education Building
Governmental	Chattanooga State Office Building Solomon Federal Building
Historic districts	Ferger Place Historic District Fort Wood Historic District Market Street Warehouse Historic District Moccasin Bend St. Elmo Historic District
Monuments	Chattanooga National Cemetery Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Ross's Landing
Museums	Creative Discovery Museum Hunter Museum of American Art International Towing Museum Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
Parks and wildlife	Bonny Oaks Arboretum Chattanooga Zoo at Warner Park Cherokee Arboretum at Audubon Acres Chickamauga Lake Cloudland Canyon State Park Nickajack Lake Reflection Riding Arboretum and Nature Center Tennessee Aquarium Tennessee River Tennessee River Blueway Tennessee Riverwalk
Performing arts	Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Auditorium Tivoli Theatre
Religious	Asbury United Methodist Church First Baptist Church First Presbyterian Church Mizpah Congregation Northside Presbyterian Church Saints Peter and Paul Basilica Second Presbyterian Church St. Paul's Episcopal Church Wiley United Methodist Church
Residential (former)	Seamour and Gerte Shavin House
Tourist attractions	Lake Winnepesaukah Lookout Mountain Incline Railway Raccoon Mountain Caverns Rock City Ruby Falls

Former

Protected areas of Georgia

Federal

National Historical Parks, historic sites and military parks	Andersonville NHS Jimmy Carter NHP Martin Luther King Jr. NHP Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Ocmulgee Mounds NHP
National monuments	Fort Frederica Fort Pulaski
National forests	Chattahoochee–Oconee
National wildlife refuges	Banks Lake Blackbeard Island Bond Swamp Eufaula Harris Neck Okefenokee Piedmont Savannah Wassaw Wolf Island
National Natural Landmarks	Heggie's Rock Marshall Forest Okefenokee Swamp Panola Mountain Wassaw Island
Wilderness areas	Big Frog Wilderness Blood Mountain Wilderness Brasstown Wilderness Cohutta Wilderness Cumberland Island National Seashore Ellicott Rock Wilderness Mark Trail Wilderness Okefenokee Wilderness Raven Cliffs Wilderness Rich Mountain Wilderness Southern Nantahala Wilderness Tray Mountain Wilderness
Wild and scenic rivers	Chattooga River
National trails	Appalachian Trail Pinhoti National Recreation Trail
Other protected areas	Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area Cumberland Island National Seashore Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve

State

Parks	Amicalola Falls Black Rock Mountain Chattahoochee Bend Cloudland Canyon Crooked River Don Carter Elijah Clark F.D. Roosevelt Florence Marina Fort Mountain Fort Yargo General Coffee George L. Smith George T. Bagby Georgia Veterans Hamburg Hard Labor Creek High Falls Indian Springs Jack Hill James H. "Sloppy" Floyd Laura S. Walker Little Ocmulgee Magnolia Springs Mistletoe Moccasin Creek Panola Mountain Providence Canyon Red Top Mountain Reed Bingham Richard B. Russell Sapelo Island Seminole Skidaway Island Smithgall Woods Sprewell Bluff Stephen C. Foster Sweetwater Creek Tallulah Gorge Tugaloo Unicoi Victoria Bryant Vogel Watson Mill Bridge
Historic parks and sites	A. H. Stephens Chief Vann House Dahlonega Gold Museum Etowah Indian Mounds Fort McAllister Fort King George Fort Morris Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation Jarrell Plantation Jefferson Davis Memorial Kolomoki Mounds Lapham–Patterson House Lebanon Plantation Little White House New Echota Pickett's Mill Battlefield Robert Toombs House Travelers Rest Wormsloe
Forests	Bartram Broxton Rocks Dawson Dixon Memorial Hightower Paulding Spirit Creek
Other	Centennial Olympic Park Charlie Elliott Wildlife Center Jekyll Island Len Foote Hike Inn Radium Springs Sapelo Island Stone Mountain Park

County,
municipal
and other

Parks	Bobby Brown Park Chehaw Park Cobb County Parks Hartwell Lakeside John Tanner McIntosh Reserve Murphey Candler Park Okefenokee Swamp Park Robert G. Hunter Memorial Park Roswell Recreation and Parks Seaborn Jones Memorial Park Shaking Rock Park Standing Boy Creek Park
Forests and nature preserves	Autrey Mill Nature Preserve & Heritage Center Fernbank Forest Marshall Forest Morningside Nature Preserve Phinizy Swamp Nature Park Reynolds Nature Preserve
Nature and environmental education centers	Birdsong Nature Center Charlie Elliott Wildlife Center Chattahoochee Nature Center Cochran Mill Nature Center Dauset Trails Nature Center Dunwoody Nature Center Elachee Nature Science Center Georgia Nature Center Grand Bay Wetland Education Center Melvin L. Newman Wetlands Center Oatland Island Wildlife Center Oxbow Meadows Environmental Learning Center Panola Mountain State Park Nature Center Sandy Creek Nature Center Savannah-Ogeechee Canal Museum & Nature Center Tidelands Nature Center Tybee Island Marine Science Center West Atlanta Watershed Alliance Outdoor Activity Center

Protected areas of Tennessee

Federal

National parks	Great Smoky Mountains National Park
National historical parks and sites	Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Manhattan Project National Historical Park
National Military Parks	Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Fort Donelson National Battlefield Shiloh National Military Park Stones River National Battlefield
National recreation areas	Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area
National Trails System	Appalachian National Scenic Trail Natchez Trace National Scenic Trail Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail Trail of Tears National Historic Trail
National forests	Cherokee National Forest
National Wild and Scenic Rivers	Obed River
National Wildlife Refuges	Chickasaw Cross Creeks Hatchie Lake Isom Lower Hatchie Reelfoot Tennessee
Wilderness areas	Bald River Gorge Big Frog Big Laurel Branch Citico Creek Cohutta Gee Creek Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Little Frog Mountain Pond Mountain Sampson Mountain Unaka Mountain
Other protected areas	Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area Foothills Parkway Gatlinburg Bypass Natchez Trace Parkway

State

East Tennessee state parks	Big Ridge Booker T. Washington Cove Lake Cumberland Mountain David Crockett Birthplace Fall Creek Falls Fort Loudoun Frozen Head Harrison Bay Hiwassee/Ocoee Indian Mountain Justin P. Wilson Cumberland Trail Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork Norris Dam Panther Creek Red Clay Roan Mountain Seven Islands Sycamore Shoals Warriors' Path
Middle Tennessee state parks	Bicentennial Capitol Mall Bledsoe Creek Burgess Falls Cedars Of Lebanon Cordell Hull Birthplace Cummins Falls David Crockett Dunbar Cave Edgar Evins Fall Creek Falls Harpeth River Henry Horton Johnsonville Long Hunter Montgomery Bell Mousetail Landing Old Stone Fort Pickett Port Royal Radnor Lake Rock Island Sgt. Alvin C. York South Cumberland Standing Stone Tims Ford
West Tennessee state parks	Big Cypress Tree Big Hill Pond Chickasaw Fort Pillow Meeman-Shelby Forest Natchez Trace Nathan Bedford Forrest Paris Landing Pickwick Landing Pinson Mounds Reelfoot Lake T. O. Fuller
State forests	Bledsoe Cedars of Lebanon Chickasaw Chuck Swan Franklin John Tully Lewis Lone Mountain Martha Sundquist Natchez Trace Pickett Prentice Cooper Scott Standing Stone Stewart
State natural areas	Auntney Hollow Barnett's Woods Bays Mountain Beaman Park Big Bone Cave Campbell Bend Barrens Carroll Cabin Barrens Glade Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lee Carter Chimneys Colditz Cove Couchville Cedar Glade Crowder Cemetery Barrens Devils Backbone Dry Branch Duck River Complex Elsie Quarterman Cedar Glade Falling Water Falls Fate Sanders Barrens Flat Rock Cedar Glade & Barrens Gattinger’s Cedar Glade & Barrens Ghost River Grundy Forest Hampton Creek Cove Hawkins Cove Hicks Gap Hill Forest Honey Creek House Mountain Hubbard’s Cave John & Hester Lane Cedar Glades John Noel at Bon Aqua Langford Branch Laurel-Snow Lost Creek Lucius Burch Jr. Forest Manus Road Cedar Glade May Prairie North Chickamauga Creek Gorge Old Forest Overbridge Ozone Falls Piney Falls Pogue Creek Powell River Preserve Radnor Lake Riverwoods Roundtop Mountain Rugby Savage Gulf Sequatchie Cave Short Mountain Short Springs Sneed Road Cedar Glade Stillhouse Hollow Falls Stinging Fork Falls Stones River Cedar Glade & Barrens Sunk Lake Sunnybell Cedar Glade Taylor Hollow Twin Arches Vesta Cedar Glade Vine Cedar Glade Virgin Falls Walker Branch Walls of Jericho Walterhill Floodplain Washmorgan Hollow Watauga River Bluffs William B. Clark William R. Davenport Refuge Wilson School Road Window Cliffs
Other	Buffalo Ridge Refuge Catoosa Wildlife Management Area

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