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A Chikungunya vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against the chikungunya virus.

The most commonly reported side effects include headache, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, fever, nausea and tenderness at the injection site.

The first chikungunya vaccine was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2023.

Medical uses

The chikungunya vaccine is indicated for the prevention of disease caused by chikungunya virus in individuals 18 years of age and older who are at high risk of exposure to the chikungunya virus.

History

The safety of the chikungunya vaccine was evaluated in two clinical studies conducted in North America in which about 3,500 participants 18 years of age and older received a dose of the vaccine with one study including about 1,000 participants who received a placebo. The effectiveness of the chikungunya vaccine is based on immune response data from a clinical study conducted in the United States in individuals 18 years of age and older. In this study, the immune response of 266 participants who received the vaccine was compared to the immune response of 96 participants who received placebo. The level of antibody evaluated in study participants was based on a level shown to be protective in non-human primates that had received blood from people who had been vaccinated. Almost all vaccine study participants achieved this antibody level.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for the chikungunya vaccine fast track, breakthrough therapy, and priority review designations. The FDA granted approval of Ixchiq to Valneva Austria GmbH.

Society and culture

Legal status

In May 2024, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Ixchiq, intended for the prevention of chikungunya disease in adults. The applicant for this medicinal product is Valneva Austria GmbH. Ixchiq was reviewed under EMA's accelerated assessment program. It contains the live attenuated chikungunya virus (CHIKV) Δ5nsP3 strain of the ECSA/IOL genotype. Ixchiq was approved for medical use in the European Union in June 2024.

Research

A phase-II vaccine trial used a live, attenuated virus, to develop viral resistance in 98% of those tested after 28 days and 85% still showed resistance after one year. However, 8% of people reported transient joint pain, and attenuation was found to be due to only two mutations in the E2 glycoprotein. Alternative vaccine strategies have been developed, and show efficacy in mouse models.

In August 2014, researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the USA tested an experimental vaccine using virus-like particles (VLPs) instead of attenuated virus. All of the 25 people participating in this phase I trial developed strong immune responses.

As of 2015, a phase II trial was planned, using 400 adults aged 18 to 60 and to take place at six locations in the Caribbean. In 2021, two vaccine manufacturers, one in France, the other in the United States, reported successful completion of phase II clinical trials.

References

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5. ^ "Ixchiq EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
6. ^ "Ixchiq PI". European Medicines Agency. 30 May 2024. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
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8. Malhi S (10 November 2023). "FDA approves first vaccine against mosquito-borne virus chikungunya". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
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10. "First vaccine to protect adults from Chikungunya". European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Press release). 31 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
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13. Plante K, Wang E, Partidos CD, Weger J, Gorchakov R, Tsetsarkin K, et al. (July 2011). "Novel chikungunya vaccine candidate with an IRES-based attenuation and host range alteration mechanism". PLOS Pathogens. 7 (7): e1002142. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002142. PMC 3145802. PMID 21829348.
14. Hallengärd D, Kakoulidou M, Lulla A, Kümmerer BM, Johansson DX, Mutso M, et al. (March 2014). "Novel attenuated Chikungunya vaccine candidates elicit protective immunity in C57BL/6 mice". Journal of Virology. 88 (5): 2858–66. doi:10.1128/JVI.03453-13. PMC 3958085. PMID 24371047.
15. "Experimental chikungunya vaccine passes first test". NPR. 15 August 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
16. Al Idrus, Amirah (2 December 2015). "NIAID to bring Chikungunya vaccine into Phase II". fiercevaccines.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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• Drugs not assigned an ATC code
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