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The International Commission on Illumination (usually abbreviated CIE for its French name Commission internationale de l'éclairage) is the international authority on light, illumination, colour, and colour spaces. It was established in 1913 as a successor to the Commission Internationale de Photométrie, which was founded in 1900, and is today based in Vienna, Austria.
Organization
The CIE has six active divisions, each of which establishes technical committees to carry out its program:
Division 1: Vision and Colour
Division 2: Physical Measurement of Light and Radiation
Division 3: Interior Environment and Lighting Design
Division 4: Transportation and Exterior Applications
Division 6: Photobiology and Photochemistry
Division 8: Image Technology
Two divisions are no longer active.
Division 5: Exterior Lighting and Other Applications
Division 7: General Aspects of Lighting
The President of the CIE from 2023 is Jennifer Veitch from Canada.
CIE publishes Technical Reports (TRs), International Standards (ISs) and Technical Notes (TNs). International Standards (ISs) are often further developed as dual standards with the ISO or IEC.
In 1964 the 10° CIE standard observer and its corresponding color matching functions as well as the new standard daylight illuminant D6500 were added, as well as a method for calculating daylight illuminants at correlated color temperatures other than 6500 kelvins.
In 1976, the commission developed the CIELAB and CIELUV color spaces, which are widely used today.
Based on CIELAB, color difference formulas CIEDE94 and CIEDE2000 were recommended in the corresponding years.
Troland, L. T. (August 1922). "Report of Committee on Colorimetry for 1920–21". Journal of the Optical Society of America. 6 (6): 527–96. Bibcode:1922JOSA....6..527T. doi:10.1364/JOSA.6.000527. The report defined colour as follows: "Color is the general name for all sensations arising from the activity of the retina of the eye and its attached nervous mechanisms, this activity being, in nearly every case in the normal individual, a specific response to radiant energy of certain wave-lengths and intensities."
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