| Kayagar | |
|---|---|
| Cook River | |
| Geographic distribution | South Papua |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | kaya1327 |
 Map: The Kayagar languages of New Guinea
The Kayagar languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The Kayagar languages are a small family of four closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around the Cook River in Province of South Papua, Indonesia:
- Atohwaim (Kaugat)
- Gondu River
Proto-language
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:
Gondu River Atohwaim sg pl sg pl 1 *nax *nep naxa nipi, neβi 2 *ax *akan axa aʔani 3 *ek *wep – –
Basic vocabulary
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:
gloss Proto-Gondu River head *toxom hair *upm ear *itipaːm eye *sakam nose *jup tooth *oom tongue *maetap foot/leg *apit blood *jes bone *nomop skin/bark *pip breast *etum louse *num dog *epe pig *wakum bird *suopam egg *map-jaxam tree/wood *wom man/person *jo woman *enop sun *taːm moon *xaatam water *oom fire *atu stone *maitn path *kamein name *na eat *xapti one *paamo two *tousiki
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970) and Voorhoeve (1971, 1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. tikem, toxom for “head”) or not (e.g. icoxop, iripam for “ear”).
gloss Atohwaim Kayagar Tamagario head tikem toxom tokom hair upm owpm upm ear icoxop iripam ipiram eye saam saxam sakam nose opom jup jup tooth ukoxom oxom ukom tongue menaxaram marap marap leg apir apir apir louse numu soːm dog upoc epere; epe(re) epe pig wakum wakum wakum bird wakem səpam towpam egg mapiam mapiaxam mapiakam blood wis jes; yes jet; yet bone nömöp namop; nəmop nomop skin piep pip pip breast ötöm erem tree wim wom wom man mapirie jo; yo jo; yo woman enepe onop onop sun teme taam taam moon kaʔaram xaxaram kakaram water oxom oxom okom fire acu aru aru stone iki kakup maitu road, path sepmop xami kame eat owp xapri kapri one papriaxap paxamu pakamok two coopm tosigi totigi
References
- ^ New Guinea World, Gondu River
- New Guinea World, Atohwaim
- McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B16
- Voorhoeve, C.L. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea". In Dutton, T., Voorhoeve, C. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 14. A-28:47-114. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. doi:10.15144/PL-A28.47
- Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
- Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Gondu River
- (ibid.) Atohwaim
| Papuan language families (Palmer 2018 classification) | |||||||||||
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| Trans-New Guinea subgroups |
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| Eastern Nusantara families and isolates | |||||||||||
| Bird's Head Peninsula families and isolates | |||||||||||
| Northern Western New Guinea families and isolates | |||||||||||
| Central Western New Guinea families and isolates | |||||||||||
| Sepik-Ramu basin families and isolates |
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| Gulf of Papua and southern New Guinea families and isolates | |||||||||||
| Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands families and isolates | |||||||||||
| Rossel Island isolate | |||||||||||
| Proposed groupings |
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| Proto-language | |||||||||||