Ethnic group
 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Assam, Arunachal Pradesh | |
| Languages | |
| Assamese, Deori | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism, Folk religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Boros, Morans, Sonowal Kacharis, Chutias |
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The Deori people are one of the major Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group of the Northeast Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. They refer to themselves as "Jimochayan" which means children's of Sun and Moon in their native language ( Jimo meaning "seed/child", cha/sã meaning "sun" and Ya meaning "moon"). They historically lived in the area of Sadiya, Joidaam, Patkai foothills and in the upper plains or also called as the hinterland of the Brahmaputra Valley.
Scanty information was found in few books and official records. The Deori language belongs to the Boro-Garo branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family. The community has maintained their racial traits, language, religion, folktales and traditional beliefs through the centuries. They were divided into Dibang-goñya(Dibongiya), Midoñya/Tengapaniya, Luitgoñya/Borgoñya,Patorgoñya. The native language is retained only by the Dibongiya group. They call themselves Jimochãya (literally: Children of the Sun).
History
Homeland
The homeland of the Deoris was in the eastern regions of undivided Assam. As per the folklore of the Deori people, they are settlers of the area of Joidaam and Patkai foothills and upper valley of Brahmaputra. Recorded Data and songs from the people dates back them as an early settlers in Sadiya where their oldest and most sacred temple is situated. During Burmese (Maan as called by Deoris) aggression (1817–1826) deoris lost a lot of lives. Many slaughtered and many taken as captive. Again the destructive earthquake of 1869 devastated the whole community. The uncertainty about future prevailed amongst those who floated down in the river using bamboo and banana plant made raft. They migrated to different places alongside the rivers they floated down. As they entered and landed in their new territory, they took the name of that particular river as their clan name. Deoris under the ruler of the new land had followed the law of the land. Those Deoris who migrated to places with less interest and influence of the outside rulers had followed their culture and traditions and continued their dialect.
Some experts, like Bishnu Prasad Rabha, claim that the Pator-goya clan assimilated with the Tiwa people in central Assam but there has been no scientific evidence to support the claim, which prompted a section of Deoris to begin a search. A preliminary investigation from 30 September to 5 October under the aegis of Jimachaya Giyan Aru Juktibadi Samaj has given a positive indication of the presence of Deori people in Kachin province and near Yangon in Myanmar. A team of researchers has decided to visit Myanmar in search of the lost clan. Most of the people of Dibongiya class can speak their own mother tongue along with Assamese, but the rest of the 3 other classes/clans ( except few elderly persons) only understand and speak Assamese as their mother tongue. The three classes of Deoris live in the districts mentioned above.
Language
The Deori language is one of the languages of the Tibeto-Burman languages family. Deori language is mainly spoken in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Over the years, Deori speakers, barring the Dibongia clan which uses it rigorously, have shifted to speaking the Assamese language, which can be attributed to the Language shift phenomenon.
Religion
Traditionally Deori people follow Kundism (also Deori religion), is the Folk religion of the Deori tribe. Its a animistic, Shamanic and Ancestor worshiping type Polytheistic religion named after the Deity Kundi-mama, one of the main deity of Deori tribe. Kundi-gira (the father) and Kundi-girasi (the mother) together known as kundi-mama or Gira-Girasi (the old ones). The other main deities worshipped by the people are Pisa-dema (the eldest son) also known as Baliya-baba or Baliya-hemta and Pishasi (the daughter) also known as Tamreswari or Kechakati. Deori's are very religious people and due to the influence of Hinduism, they also worship and believe in Hindu deities.
Miduku/kundiku (abode of deity)
Miduku or kundiku (also, Than/dauhal) are the site of worshiping for the people.
Tradition
Clans
The Deori ethnic group are mainly divided into four clans, namely Dibongia, Borgoya, Tengaponiya and Pator-goya. The entire people of each main clan or main group are again subdivided into several sub-clans or sub-groups. The word "sub-clan" or "sub-group" is called "Boja" or "Bahor" in Deori language. Some of the commonly known sub-clan are like Ariya, Kumota, Bihiya, Naroda, Sundhariya, Patriya, Dupiya, Marangya, Chariya, Lagasu, Chitiga, Meheda, Kuliya, Khutiya/Buruk, Machiya, Bikomiya, Phaporiya, Fagimegia, Senaboriya, Chakucharu, Ekacharul/Busaru, Simocharu, Hizaru, Popharu, Gucharu etc. Each Deori people wants to know or wants to inform about their main clan and sub-clan (sub-group) in their first introduction. Otherwise, their introduction remains incomplete.
Priesthood
Deoris are known to serve as priest in three temples: the Tamreswari Temple, the Bura-Buri Than, the Boliya-hemata Temple and also in Malinithan.
The temple of Kecaikhaiti called Tamreswari Temple near Paya and Malinithan in Likabali of Arunachal Pradesh was worshipped by the Borgoya khel of the Deoris.
The Bura-Bura Than was worshipped by the Dibongia khel, while Boliya-hemanta Temple or Pisadema was worshipped by the Tengapania khel of the Deoris located on the Tengapani River.
Notes
- "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- "639 Identifier Documentation: aho – ISO 639-3". SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics). SIL International. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
Ahom
- "Population by Religious Communities". Census India – 2001. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
Census Data Finder/C Series/Population by Religious Communities
- "Population by religion community – 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01 MDDS.XLS
- Sharma, S.K. Discovery of Northeast India: Volume 2. Mittal Publications,2005, p. 81.
- "Deoram, L.D.,Study of Mishing and Deori Community,p. 50" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- Talukdar, Sushanta (9 October 2014). "To Myanmar, in search of a lost clan of the Deoris tribe of Assam". The Hindu.
- "Social Life". Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.
- (Shin 2023:70–71)
- (Shin 2023:70–71)
- (Shin 2023:70–71)
References
- Shin, Jae-Eun (2023), Kecaikhaiti, Eater of Raw Flesh: A Profile of the Multifaceted Goddess in the North-East, Manohar Publishers & Distributors
| Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh | |
|---|---|
| Major tribes | |
| Scheduled tribes (Recognised by government) |
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| Other tribes (Not recognised by government) | |
| Hill tribes of Northeast India | ||
|---|---|---|
| Mizoram |
|  Naga woman |
| Nagaland | ||
| Meghalaya |
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| Arunachal Pradesh |
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| Manipur | ||
| Tripura | ||
| Assam |
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| Sikkim | ||
| Kuki tribes including: |
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| Naga tribes including: | ||
| See also List of Scheduled Tribes in India | ||