Epoicotheriidae - Misplaced Pages

Extinct family of mammals

Epoicotheriidae Temporal range: 57.8–30.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N late Paleocene - early Oligocene

Artist reconstruction of Xenocranium pileorivale compared to the size of a human hand.

skull of Pentapassalus pearcei
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Palaeanodonta
Family:	†Epoicotheriidae Simpson, 1927
Type genus
†Epoicotherium Simpson, 1927
Genera

Epoicotheriidae ("strange beasts") is an extinct paraphyletic family of insectivorous placental mammals within extinct order Palaeanodonta, that lived in North America, Asia and Europe from the late Paleocene to early Oligocene. Epoicotheriids were fossorial mammals. Late Eocene/early Oligocene genera were highly specialized animals that were convergent with the talpids, golden moles and marsupial mole in the structure of their skulls and forelimbs, and would have had a similar lifestyle as subterranean burrowers.

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

Epoicotheriidae was named by Simpson in 1927. It was assigned to the Palaeanodonta by Rose (1978) and Carroll (1988).

Classification

Family: †Epoicotheriidae (Simpson, 1927)
- Genus: †Alocodontulum (Rose, 1978)
  - †Alocodontulum atopum (Rose, 1977)
- Genus: †Amelotabes (Rose, 1978)
  - †Amelotabes simpsoni (Rose, 1978)
- Genus: †Auroratherium (Tong & Wang, 1997)
  - †Auroratherium sinense (Tong & Wang, 1997)
- Genus: †Dipassalus (Rose, 1991)
  - †Dipassalus oryctes (Rose, 1991)
- Genus: †Tubulodon (Jepsen, 1932)
  - †Tubulodon taylori (Jepsen, 1932)
- Subfamily: †Epoicotheriinae (Simpson, 1927)
  - Genus: †Pentapassalus (Gazin, 1952)
    - †Pentapassalus pearcei (Gazin, 1952)
    - †Pentapassalus woodi (Guthrie, 1967)
  - Genus: †Tetrapassalus (Simpson, 1959)
    - †Tetrapassalus mckennai (Simpson, 1959)
    - †Tetrapassalus proius (West, 1973)
    - †Tetrapassalus sp. A (Rose, 1978)
    - †Tetrapassalus sp. B (Robinson, 1963)
  - (unranked): †Epoicotherium/Xenocranium clade
    - Genus: †Epoicotherium (Simpson, 1927)
      - †Epoicotherium unicum (Douglass, 1905)
    - Genus: †Molaetherium (Storch & Rummel, 1999)
      - †Molaetherium heissigi (Storch & Rummel, 1999)
    - Genus: †Xenocranium (Colbert, 1942)
      - †Xenocranium pileorivale (Colbert, 1942)

Phylogenetic tree

The phylogenetic relationships of family Epoicotheriidae are shown in the following cladogram:

Ferae

Pan-Carnivora

Pholidotamorpha

Pholidota (sensu stricto)

†Palaeanodonta

†Escavadodontidae

†Melaniella

	†Ernanodontidae

	†Metacheiromys

†Metacheiromyinae

†Palaeanodon

†Brachianodon

†Mylanodon

†Propalaeanodontinae

†Arcticanodon

†Pentapassalus

	†Pentapassalus pearcei

	†Pentapassalus woodi

†Alocodontulum

†Alocodontulum atopum

†Auroratherium

†Auroratherium sinensis

†Tubulodon

†Tubulodon taylori

†Dipassalus	†Dipassalus oryctes

†Epoicotheriinae

†Tetrapassalus

	†Tetrapassalus mckennai

	†Tetrapassalus proius

	†Tetrapassalus sp. A (AMNH 10215)

	†Tetrapassalus sp. B

†Xenocranium	†Xenocranium pileorivale

†Epoicotherium	†Epoicotherium unicum

†Molaetherium	†Molaetherium heissigi

†Epoicotheriidae

†Amelotabes	†Amelotabes simpsoni

(Pholidota )

†Metacheiromyidae†Epoicotherium/Xenocranium clade

References

G. G. Simpson (1927.) "In North American Oligocene edentate." Annals of Carnegie Museum 17 (2): 283-299
^ "Classification of the family Epoicotheriidae". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
Kenneth D. Rose, Robert J. Emry (1983) "Extraordinary fossorial adaptations in the oligocene palaeanodonts Epoicotherium and Xenocranium (Mammalia)" Journal of Morphology 175(1):33 - 56
Rose, Kenneth D. (1978). "A New Paleocene Epoicotheriid (Mammalia), with Comments on the Palaeanodonta". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (3): 658–674. JSTOR 1303970.
Kenneth D. Rose (2008). "Palaeanodonta and Pholidota". In Janis, Christine M; Gunnell, Gregg F; Uhen, Mark D (eds.). 9 - Palaeanodonta and Pholidota. pp. 135–146. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511541438.010. ISBN 9780511541438.
Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.

Mammals of clade Pholidotamorpha

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Ferae
Clade: Pholidotamorpha

Pholidotamorpha

Order:
Pholidota

Suborder:
Eupholidota

Superfamily:
Manoidea

Family: Manidae	See in template: Manidae
Family: †Patriomanidae	†Cryptomanis †Patriomanis
Incertae sedis	†Necromanis

Superfamily:
†Eomanoidea

Family: †Eomanidae	†Eomanis

Family:
†Eurotamanduidae

†Eurotamandua

other
representatives

†Euromanis
Incertae sedis	†Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

Order:
†Palaeanodonta

Family:
†Epoicotheriidae
(paraphyletic family)

Subfamily:
†Epoicotheriinae
(paraphyletic subfamily)

†Pentapassalus †Tetrapassalus
†Epoicotherium/Xenocranium clade	†Epoicotherium †Molaetherium †Xenocranium

Family:
†Ernanodontidae

†Asiabradypus
†Ernanodon

Family:
†Escavadodontidae

†Escavadodon

Family:
†Metacheiromyidae
(paraphyletic family)

†Brachianodon †Mylanodon
Subfamily: †Metacheiromyinae (paraphyletic subfamily)	†Metacheiromys †Palaeanodon
Subfamily: †Propalaeanodontinae	†Propalaeanodon

Incertae sedis

†Arcticanodon
†Melaniella

Taxon identifiers
Epoicotheriidae	Wikidata: Q4179279 GBIF: 3239938 IRMNG: 102275 Open Tree of Life: 4945116 Paleobiology Database: 43669

Categories:

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy

Classification

Phylogenetic tree

See also

References