Misplaced Pages

First Benazir Bhutto Government
29th Cabinet of Pakistan
Date formed	2 December 1988
Date dissolved	6 August 1990
People and organisations
Head of state	Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Head of government	Benazir Bhutto
Total no. of members	58
Member party	Pakistan People's Party
Status in legislature	Minority (Plurality)
Opposition party	Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
Opposition leader	Nawaz Sharif
History
Election	1988 general elections
Outgoing election	1990 general elections
Outgoing formation	Jatoi caretaker government
Predecessor	Zia government
Successor	First Nawaz Sharif government

Politics of Pakistan
Federalism Federal government Provincial governments: Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan Governors: Sardar Saleem Haider Kamran Tessori Faisal Karim Kundi Sheikh Jaffar Khan Syed Mehdi Shah Chief Ministers: Maryam Nawaz Murad Ali Shah Ali Amin Gandapur Sarfraz Bugti Gulbar Khan Provincial assemblies of Pakistan: Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan Gilgi-Baltistan Azad Kashmir government President: Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry Prime Minister: Chaudhry Anwarul Haq Legislative Assembly Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Local government Divisions Districts Tehsil UCs
Parliament legislature Senate (Upper House) Chairman: Yousaf Raza Gillani Deputy Chairman: Syedaal Khan Nasar (PML(N)) Leader of the House: Ishaq Dar (PML(N)) Opposition leader: Shibli Faraz (PTI) National Assembly (Lower House) Leader of the House: Shehbaz Sharif (PML(N)) Speaker: Ayaz Sadiq (PML(N)) Deputy speaker: Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah (PPP) Leader of the Opposition: Omar Ayub Khan Constitution of Pakistan Previous constitutions:1956 1962 1973 Annex (written 1949, incorporated 1985) Amendments Law Pakistan Penal Code Human rights
Executive President of Pakistan: Asif Ali Zardari (PPP) List of presidents of Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan: Shahbaz Sharif (PML-N) List of prime ministers of Pakistan Cabinet of Pakistan Cabinet Secretary
Judiciary Supreme Court of Pakistan Chief Justice: Yahya Afridi List of justices Judges appointment body: Supreme Judicial Council and Judicial Commission High courts: Islamabad, Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan, Shariat Court Territorial courts: AJK supreme court, AJK High court, Gilgit-Baltistan supreme court, Gilgit-Baltistan High Court Special courts: Anti Terrorism Courts, Accountability Courts District Courts
Elections Election Commission of Pakistan Chief Election Commissioner: Sikandar Sultan Raja Electoral College Territorial election commission AJK Election Commission Chief Election Commissioner of AJK: Abdul Rashid Sulehria Gilgit-Baltistan Election Commission Chief Election Commissioner of Gilgit-Baltistan: Raja Shah Baz Khan Elections Presidential: 2008 2013 2018 2024 General: 1970 1977 1985 1988 1990 1993 1997 2002 2008 2013 2018 2024 Provincial elections Punjab: 2002 2008 2013 2018 2024 Sindh: 2002 2008 2013 2018 2024 KPK: 2002 2008 2013 2018 2024 Balochistan: 2013 2018 2024 Territorial elections Azad Kashmir: 1970 1975 1985 1990 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Gilgit-Baltistan: 2009 2015 2020 Political parties Pakistan Muslim League (N) Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Pakistan Peoples Party Complete list
Administrative unitsCapital territory Islamabad Provinces Balochistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh Autonomous region Azad Kashmir Gilgit-Baltistan
Foreign relationsDiplomacy Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister of Foreign Affairs Foreign Secretary Diplomatic missions of / in Pakistan Customs Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Regional topics Kashmir conflict India China United States
Pakistan portal
v t e

This article is part of a series aboutBenazir Bhutto
Early life Political career Burial Political views Social democracy Charter of Democracy Elections 1988 1990 1993 1997 Prime Minister of Pakistan (First Government Second Government) First Women Bank Midnight Jackal Mehrangate Karachi affair Repression in Karachi Coup d'état attempt Seventh Five-Year Plan Murder of Murtaza Bhutto Corruption scandals Books written Daughter of Destiny: An Autobiography Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy, and the West Assassination Assassination attempt Assassination (reactions) Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video
v t e

The first Benazir Bhutto government was formed on 2 December 1988 following general elections held in 1988. Due to the PPP only securing a plurality, the new government forged a coalition alliance with the MQM, ANP, JUI(FR) and other additional independents. Following elections President Ghulam Ishaq Khan called upon Benazir Bhutto, later announcing the formation of a new government. Benazir promised while taking oath on 2 December to eradicate illiteracy, poverty, restore student unions, liberate political prisoners, provide equal rights to women and free the media. However, the Army's continued influence and lack of a legislative majority led to her later declaring her government's freedom of action was "institutionally, economically, politically (and) structurally" constrained. Later during Presidential elections the same year, Benazir Bhutto solidified her alliance with President Ishaq Khan through supporting his bid for re-election. However later the two came into conflict, over the division of powers between the two offices and as the President continued to support Bhutto's opponent Nawaz Sharif. Eventually on 6 August 1990 Ghulam Ishaq Khan issued an order under Article 58(2)(b) dissolving the National Assembly causing the Prime Minister and the cabinet to cease holding office. The stated charges of dismissal for the Bhutto government were corruption and the deteriorating law and order situation in Sindh.

History

Formative Period

Following the 1988 elections, the PPP did not gain a majority but emerged as the largest single party with 93 seats, 11 seats short to form a majority. The second largest party in the National assembly being the IJI and its 55 seats. Independents had secured 23 seats, MQM 13 seats, and JUI (Fazlur-Rehman Group) 7 seats. Nawaz Sharif the following day announced that the IJI would form a government, according to Hamid Khan, Sharif intended to make up for his lack of an electoral plurality through the support of the President Ghulam Ishaq Khan. Following MQM and ANP alliance with the PPP, the President instead decided to call upon Benazir to meet with him, and shortly later it was announced that the first civilian-led government in eleven years was to be formed. According to Lawrence Ziring, Ishaq Khan pursued this path in order to establish stability "as quickly as possible" and because he was disinclined to see the army under Aslam Beg take control of the government following Zia's death. Hamid Khan claims that Ghulam Ishaq Khan sought a full five-year term as President, so after "delivering a majority in the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab to the IJI" to counterbalance Bhutto he sought a deal with the PPP for his election. In the later Presidential elections that year, the PPP ignored its old ally Nawabzada Nasrullah for Ishaq Khan, who won with 603 votes out of 752.

Formation Provincial Governments

Punjab

The Islami Jamhoori Ittehad in Punjab would be able to secure 34.98% of the vote. Despite the PPP (52 seats) securing more seats than the IJI (45 seats) in the National Assembly, in the Provincial Assembly the IJI secured got 108 seats compared to the PPP's 94. With the help of most of the independents the IJI would be able to form a government with Nawaz Sharif as Chief Minister. Punjab would provide the main power base of the IJI, comprising both Nawaz Sharif and Junejo Muslim leagues and eight other allied parties held together by opposition to the PPP. According to Muhammad Waseem, the incumbent caretaker Chief Ministers used public funds to finance its candidates during the election. According to Ian Talbot, the requirement that voters produce identity cards also strengthened the IJI.

Sindh

In Sindh the PPP had won 67 out of a 100 general seats in the Provincial Assembly, securing a majority. Out of 31 independents in the Assembly, 26 belonged to the MQM but ran on independent tickets. On 20 March, the period until with which Governors could appoint Chief Ministers had lapsed, hence Qaim Ali Shah of the PPP was elected by the Provincial Assembly as Chief Minister of Sindh.

North West Frontier Province (NWFP)

In the NWFP no single political party had won an absolute majority. Out of 80 general seats the IJI had won the highest (28 seats), followed by the PPP (22 seats), ANP (13 seats) and as many as 15 independents. In order to form a government, Benazir approached Wali Khan head of the ANP to form a coalition, with the offer being accepted. Several independents also joined the PPP-ANP in NWFP. Aftab Sherpao would form the government as Chief Minister. Later when the PPP-ANP coalition broke down he would remain as CM.

Balochistan

In Balochistan, out of 40 general seats, 11 went to JUI(FR), 10 to the Balochistan National Alliance (BNA), 8 to the IJI, 4 to the PPP and the remaining seven to minor political parties and independents. The Provincial Assembly met on 2 December to elect the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the assembly and later to elect the Chief Minister of the province. Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali received 21 votes for and 21 votes against his bid for Chief Ministership. The Speaker issued a certificate declaring him elected by 22 votes including the casting vote of the speaker.

Cabinet

Head of State and Government

President of Pakistan		Prime Minister of Pakistan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan 1988-1993			Benazir Bhutto 1988-1990

Federal Ministers

Ministers of State

References

1. Held Defense and Finance portfolios and headed the Cabinet Secretariat.

1. Weintraub, Richard (2 December 1988). "BHUTTO TAKES POWER IN PAKISTAN". The Washington Post.
2. ^ Khan, Hamid (2017). Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199406098.
3. ^ Ziring, Lawrence (2005). Pakistan: at the crosscurrent of history. New Delhi: Manas Publ. ISBN 978-81-7049-223-8.
4. ^ Talbot, Ian (15 January 2010). Pakistan: A Modern History (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230623040.
5. ^ "Ist term FEDERAL CABINET UNDER THE PREMIERSHIP OF MOHTRAMA BENAZIR BHUTTOO FROM 2. 12. 1988 TO 6. 8. 1990" (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat (Pakistan).
6. Archives, L.A. Times (5 December 1988). "Bhutto Installs Her Cabinet : She Takes 2 Posts, Keeps Zia's Foreign Minister". www.latimes.com.

v t e Federal governments of Pakistan
20th century	Liaquat Nazimuddin Bogra (Ministry of Talents) Muhammad Ali Suhrawardy Chundrigar Noon Ayub (Martial Law) Ayub (Presidency) Yahya Zulfikar (President's Council) Zulfikar I Zulfikar II Zia (Martial Law) Zia (Presidency) (Junejo) Benazir I Jatoi Nawaz I Mazari Qureshi Benazir II Khalid Nawaz II Musharraf (Martial Law)
21st century	Musharraf (Presidency) (Jamali Hussain Aziz) Soomro Gillani Ashraf Khoso Nawaz III Abbasi Mulk Imran Shehbaz I Kakar Shehbaz II
Italics indicate caretaker governments bold indicates the incumbent government ( Brackets ) indicate civilian governments under military rulers

v t e Bhuttoism
History of Pakistan (timeline: 1947–present)
Ideology and initiatives	Socialism in Pakistan Pakistan khappay
Organizations and parties	Pakistan People's Party Factions Parliamentarians Bhuttoist Sherpoaist Proletariat Patriotic Military wings Al-Zulfiqar Peace Committee Student wings National Students Federation Peoples Students Federation
Key personalities	Faiz Ahmad Faiz Mubashir Hassan J A Rahim Bhutto family S. N. Bhutto Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Nusrat Bhutto Shahnawaz Bhutto Murtaza Bhutto Fatima Bhutto Benazir Bhutto Asif Zardari Fahmida Mirza Sharmila Farooqi Raza Rabbani Taj Haider Kausar Niazi Hayat Sherpao Naseerullah Babar Malik Mirage Mirage Muhammad Yousaf Raza Gillani
Governments	Bhutto ministry Benazir I Benazir II Gillani ministry
Literature	Jochona O Jononir Golpo Songs of Blood and Sword

• Benazir Bhutto
• Pakistani federal ministries
• 1988 establishments in Pakistan
• Government of Benazir Bhutto
• Government of Benazir Bhutto staffers and personnel
• Cabinets established in 1988