Misplaced Pages

G with circumflex
Ĝ ĝ
Gx gx, Gh gh
Usage
Writing system	Latin
Type	alphabetic
Language of origin	Esperanto, Aleut language, Khinalug language, Toba Qom language
Sound values	[dʒ] [dʐ] [ɖʐ] [g] [ŋ] [ʁ] [gː]
In Unicode	U+011C, U+011D
History
Development	(speculated origin) Γ γ 𐌂 C c G g Ĝ ĝ
Transliterations	Г̑ г̑, Ӷ ӷ, Гг гг
Variations	Gx gx, Gh gh
Other
Writing direction	Left to right
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Part of a series on
Esperanto
Language Grammar Phonology Orthography (Braille) Vocabulary Etymology
History Zamenhof Proto-Esperanto Unua Libro Dua Libro La Esperantisto Fundamento de Esperanto Declaration of Boulogne Montevideo Resolution Manifesto of Rauma Manifesto of Prague Modern evolution of Esperanto
Culture Esperanto movement Esperantist Esperantujo Literature Music Film La Espero Libera Folio Literatura Mondo Native speakers Libraries Pop culture references Publications Symbols Profanity Zamenhof Day
Organizations and services World Esperanto Congress Akademio de Esperanto Universal Esperanto Association World Esperanto Youth Organization International Youth Congress Esperanto Youth Week World Anational Association Encyclopedia Pasporta Servo Plouézec Meetings European Esperanto Union Europe–Democracy–Esperanto Panamerican Congress Skolta Esperanto Ligo
By country Austria Bulgaria China‎ Czech Republic‎ Hungary Japan Korea Malaysia Poland Romania Slovakia Soviet Union
Related topics Auxiliary language Constructed language Ido Homaranismo Linguistic discrimination
Wikimedia Constructed languages portal Task force Outline Esperanto Misplaced Pages (Vikipedio) Vikivortaro Vikicitaro Vikifontaro Vikilibroj Vikikomunejo Vikispecoj Vikinovaĵoj Vikivojaĵo
v t e

Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/ or a voiced retroflex affricate /dʐ/.

While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ (Serbo-Croatian) or dž would.

Ĝ is the ninth letter in Esperanto orthography. Although it is written as gx and gh respectively in the x-system and h-system workarounds, it is normally written as G with a circumflex: ĝ.

Uses of Ĝ in other languages

In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative /ʕ/.

In Aleut, an Eskaleut language, ĝ represents a voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.

In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive [ɡ], because g is pronounced as a fricative /ɣ/ in Dutch.

In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal /ŋ/.

Character mappings

See also

• Ĉ
• Ĥ
• Ĵ
• Ŝ
• Ŭ

References

1. "Unicode Character "Ĝ" (U+011C)". Compart. Oak Brook, IL: Compart AG. 2021. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

This Esperanto-related article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

• v
• t
• e

This article related to the Latin script is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

• v
• t
• e

• Letters with circumflex
• Aleut language
• Esperanto letters with diacritics
• Latin letters with diacritics
• Esperanto stubs
• Latin script stubs