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Galactosyltransferase is a type of glycosyltransferase which catalyzes the transfer of galactose. An example is B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase.

The biosynthesis of disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides involves the action of hundreds of different glycosyltransferases. These enzymes catalyse the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. A classification of glycosyltransferases using nucleotide diphospho-sugar, nucleotide monophospho-sugar and sugar phosphates (EC 2.4.1.-) and related proteins into distinct sequence based families has been described. This classification is available on the CAZy (Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site. The same three-dimensional fold is expected to occur within each of the families. Because 3-D structures are better conserved than sequences, several of the families defined on the basis of sequence similarities may have similar 3-D structures and therefore form 'clans'.

Glycosyltransferase family 31 (CAZY GH_31) comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.149); beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1); fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1); globotriosylceramide beta-1,3-GalNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.79).

Human galactosyltransferases

B3GALNT1; B3GALNT2; B3GALT1; B3GALT2; B3GALT4; B3GALT5; B3GALT6; B3GNT2; B3GNT3; B3GNT4; B3GNT5; B3GNT6; B3GNT7; B3GNT8;

B4GALNT1; B4GALNT2; B4GALNT3; B4GALNT4;

B4GALT1; B4GALT2; B4GALT3; B4GALT4; B4GALT5; B4GALT6; B4GALT7;

GALNT1; GALNT2; GALNT3; GALNT4; GALNT5; GALNT6; GALNT7; GALNT8; GALNT9; GALNT10; GALNT11; GALNT12; GALNT13; GALNT14;

GALNTL1; GALNTL2; GALNTL4; GALNTL5; GALNTL6;

References

1. Henrissat B, Davies GJ, Campbell JA, Bulone V (1997). "A classification of nucleotide-diphospho-sugar glycosyltransferases based on amino acid sequence similarities". Biochem. J. 326 (3): 929–939. doi:10.1042/bj3260929u. PMC 1218753. PMID 9334165.
2. Henrissat B, Coutinho PM (1999). "Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes server". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
3. Kolbinger F, Streiff MB, Katopodis AG (1998). "Cloning of a human UDP-galactose:2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 3beta-galactosyltransferase catalyzing the formation of type 1 chains". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1): 433–440. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.1.433. PMID 9417100.
4. Hennet T, Dinter A, Kuhnert P, Mattu TS, Rudd PM, Berger EG (1998). "Genomic cloning and expression of three murine UDP-galactose: beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta1,3-galactosyltransferase genes". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1): 58–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.1.58. PMID 9417047.

External links

• Galactosyltransferases at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

• Biology

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• Transferases
• EC 2.4.1
• EC 2.4 stubs