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The Geographical Society of Lima (Spanish: Sociedad Geográfica de Lima, SGL) is a scientific institution and geographical society based in Lima, Peru, founded in 1888. It has a library of ancient works and publishes works of geographical significance. It was founded with the purpose of collecting materials to support the defense of territorial rights disputed by neighbouring countries, something of great importance at the time of its foundation, and currently studies national geography and natural resources, determining the best routes for the construction of land roads and promoting immigration, as well as forming and preserving a geographical library, and maintaining correspondence with analogous societies in the world. It awards decorations to those who make significant contributions to the knowledge of the reality of Peru.

History

It was created by supreme decree of February 22, 1888, given by the first government of Andrés Avelino Cáceres. This, in one of his messages to the National Congress, stated:

In order to achieve goals of obvious importance, the Government has organized a geographical society destined to constitute a center of useful enlightenment for the country, which will contribute not only to administrative efficiency and regularity with the study of the appropriate demarcation of the republic, but to also seek the necessary and fruitful flow of immigration, exhibiting with the testimony of respectable authority, the exuberant riches of our extensive and varied territory...

The newspaper El Comercio, in its edition of February 24, 1888, outlined the importance of its foundation:

The decree of the 22nd fills a need that has been claimed for a long time; Its importance is proven by more than one treaty that Peru has concluded with neighboring states, in which the incredible ignorance of our signatory ministers has caused the country to lose vast and rich territories for not having been aware of the limits of the Republic.

It was Luis Carranza, a prominent doctor, journalist and politician from Ayacucho, who promoted its creation, being its second director, a position he held for ten years.

Among its founding members were illustrious personalities such as Eduardo de Habich, Antonio Raimondi, Ernest Malinowski, Camilo Carrillo, Pedro Paz Soldán y Unanue [es], Aurelio García y García, Modesto Basadre [es], Guillermo Billinghurst, José Granda Esquivel [es], Ernst Middendorf [es], José Toribio Polo [es], Teodorico Olaechea [es], among others. Ex officio members were the senior officer of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the director of the School of Engineers, the general director of Telegraphs, the director of the Naval School and the professor of Geography of the Guadalupe School.

It emerged as dependent on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its statutes were approved by supreme resolution of July 20, 1892. It operated on the upper floors of the National Library of Peru in Abancay Avenue, suffering serious damage during the fire of 1943.

Because at that time there were almost no scientific centres in Peru, the Society absorbed the activity of a few men of science and attracted the most select cultivators of the study of the various geographical disciplines, thus concentrating within it the most select intellectuality of the country.

Directors

Since its founding, the Society has had well-known intellectuals from various specialties as presidents.

• Leonardo Pflucker y Rico (1888)
• Luis Carranza (1889–1898)
• Ricardo Flores Gaviño [es] (1898–1899)
• Counter admiral Melitón Carvajal Ambulodegui (1899–1900, 1919–1935)
• Eulogio Delgado (1900–1913)
• José Balta Paz [es] (1913–1918)
• Manuel Montero y Tirado (1918–1919)
• Horacio H. Urteaga [es] (1935–1943)
• Carlos Morales Macedo (1943–1945)
• Emilio Romero Padilla [es] (1945–1948, 1958–1979)
• Counter admiral Felipe Rotalde (1949)
• Óscar Miró Quesada de la Guerra (1950–1955)
• Aurelio Miró Quesada Sosa [es] (1955–1957)
• Counter admiral Manuel R. Nieto (1957–1958)
• General Bernardino G. Vallenas (1980–1982)
• Gustavo Lama Arredondo (1982–1986)
• Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo Rynning [es] (1986–1992)
• Ernesto Paredes Arana (1993–1998)
• Eduardo Bedoya Lazarte (1999–2001)
• Counter admiral (r) Raúl Parra Maza (2001–2007)
• Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo Rynning (2008–2012)
• Zaniel Novoa Goicochea (2012–2016)
• Nicole Bernex Weiss (2016–2022)
• María del Carmen Carrasco Coello (2022–present)

See also

• National Geographic Institute (Peru)

References

1. ^ Tauro del Pino, Alberto (2001). Enciclopedia ilustrada del Perú (in Spanish). Lima: Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A. pp. 2464–2465. ISBN 9972401499.
2. ^ Basadre Grohmann, Jorge (2005). Historia de la República del Perú (1822-1933) (in Spanish). Vol. 10 (9th ed.). Lima: Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A. p. 289. ISBN 9972-205-72-X.
3. ^ "Más de 100 años dedicados al desarrollo científico del Perú". El Comercio. 2002-05-01.

v t e Lima landmarks
Pre-Columbian buildings	Huaca Huallamarca Huaca Pucllana Huaca Santa Catalina Pachacamac Puruchuco
Colonial buildings	Balconies of Lima Basilica and Convent of Nuestra Señora de la Merced Monument Plazoleta Basilica and Convent of San Francisco Catacombs Basilica and Convent of San Pedro Basilica of Santo Domingo Plazuela Casa de Aliaga Casa de Divorciadas Casa de Osambela Casa de Pilatos Casa del Oidor Casa Goyeneche Casa Hacienda Punchauca Casa Matusita Casa O'Higgins Casa Riva-Agüero Casona of the National University of San Marcos Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Museum of Art Theatre Cathedral Basilica of Lima Sanctuary Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro Cripta de los Héroes Church of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph Church of Saint Catherine of Siena Church of Saint Lazarus Church of the Good Death Church of the Holy Christ of Wonders Church of the Orphans Church of Our Lady of Copacabana Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church of Our Lady of Patronage Church of Saint Anne Church of Saint Augustine Church of Saint Liberata Church of Saint Mary Magdalene Convent of Our Lady of the Angels Cuartel Barbones Fort of Santa Catalina Iglesia de la Recoleta Mogrovejo Hospital Monastery of Saint Rose of Lima National Mint of Peru Palacio de la Magdalena Palacio de Torre Tagle Panteón de los Próceres Plaza de toros de Acho Real Felipe Fortress Royal College of the University of San Marcos Royal Hospital of Saint Andrew Sanctuary and Monastery of Las Nazarenas Sanctuary of Saint Rose of Lima Seminario de Lima St. Clare's Monastery Mill St. Sebastian's Church Trinitarian Church Walls of Lima
Other touristic buildings	Archbishop's Palace Association of Amateur Artists Atlas Building Bar Cordano BBVA Building Begonias Tower Casa Arenas Loayza Casa de Correos y Telégrafos Casa de las Trece Monedas Casa del Pueblo Casa Fernandini, Lima Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar Casa Roosevelt Casa Rusa Casa Sal y Rosas Casa Suárez Chinatown Arch Chocavento Tower Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken Club de la Unión Club Nacional Country Club Lima Hotel Cristo del Pacífico Delfines Hotel & Convention Center Desamparados station Diez de Octubre School Eduardo Dibos Colosseum El Ángel Cemetery Gamarra Government Palace Obelisk Gran Hotel Bolívar Gran Hotel Maury Guadalupe College Hermitage of Barranco Hospital Civil de la Misericordia Hotel Crillón Immaculate Heart of Mary Church Monument Institute of Hygiene Interbank Building Javier Alzamora Valdez Building La Atarjea La Colmena Building La Rosa Náutica Larcomar Teatro La Plaza Library of Congress Lima Civic Center Legislative Palace Lima Convention Center Lima Stock Exchange Building Luis Gálvez Chipoco Stadium Mesa Redonda Monumental Stadium Morro Solar War Monument Mosque of Lima National Geographic Institute National Library of Peru National Maternal Perinatal Institute National Stadium of Peru Palacio de la Exposición Palacio de Miraflores Palacio Municipal Palace of Justice Petroperú Building Public Ministry of Peru Quinta Heeren Quinta Leuro Quinta Presa Rospigliosi Castle Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus Church Sheraton Lima Historic Center Stone of Taulichusco The Westin Lima Hotel & Convention Center Torre Banco de la Nación
Museums and theatres	Aeronautical Museum Bodega y Quadra Museum Canout Theatre Casa Grau Naval Museum Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum DIRCOTE Museum Gold Museum of Peru and Arms of the World Gran Teatro Nacional José Carlos Mariátegui Museum Larco Museum Lima Art Museum Metropolitan Museum Morro Solar Planetarium Municipal Theatre Museum Museum of Congress and the Inquisition Museum of Contemporary Art Museum of the Brain Museum of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru Museum of Elections and Democracy Museum of Italian Art Museum of Natural History National Afro-Peruvian Museum National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History National Museum National Museum of Peruvian Culture Naval Museum Pinacotheca of Lima Teatro Colón Teatro Municipal Teatro Peruano Japonés Teatro Segura
Squares and promenades	Cinco esquinas Jirón de la Unión Pasaje Olaya Monument Paseo de los Héroes Navales Las llamas La yunta Paseo Colón Columbus Statue Pizza Blvd. Plaza de la Bandera Plaza Bolívar Plaza Bolognesi Plaza de la Democracia Plaza Dos de Mayo Plaza Francia Statue of Liberty Plaza Grau Monument Plaza Italia Plaza José Faustino Sánchez Carrión Plaza Manco Cápac Monument Plaza Mayor Fountain Plaza Perú Plaza Ramón Castilla Monument Plaza San Martín Lamp of the Three Graces Plazuela de las Artes Plazuela del Teatro Monument
Parks and zoos	Alameda Chabuca Granda Alameda de los Descalzos Museum Bridge of Sighs Campo de Marte Monument Costa Verde Pan-American Complex El Olivar Friendship Park Cultural Centre Museum Heroes of Independence Park Huachipa Zoo Malecón de Miraflores Love Park Villena Bridge Medicinal Botanical Garden Kennedy Park Lachay National Reserve Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge Parque de la Exposición Fountain Parque de La Muralla Pizarro statue Parque de la Reserva Parque de las Leyendas Paseo de Aguas Plazuela Chabuca Granda Monument Reducto № 2 Museum University Park Clock
Education	Antonio Ruiz de Montoya University Cayetano Heredia University Federico Villarreal National University National Superior Autonomous School of Fine Arts Cultural Centre National University of Engineering National University of San Marcos Officers' School of the National Police of Peru Peruvian University of Applied Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Peru Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute Ricardo Palma University Technological University of Peru University of Engineering and Technology Campus University of Lima
Health	Archbishop Loayza National Hospital Dos de Mayo National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital San Bartolomé National Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera Hospital
Nearby areas with beaches	Ancón Callao Base Port Chancay Port Chorrillos La Herradura Miraflores La Pampilla Pucusana
Former	Banco Comercial Barranco Lake Barranco Zoo Cabildo of Lima Casa Alcántara Casa Marcionelli Casa Oechsle Casa Tenaud Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken Church of Saint Mary of Charity Cine Tauro El Sexto Prison Gate of Lima Giacoletti Building Great Clock of Lima Hipódromo de San Felipe Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz Lima Penitentiary Limatambo Airport Limatambo Building Marsano Palace Moorish Arch Museo de la Nación National Stadium San Jorge Prison San Martín barracks Venetian Palace Saint Paul's College Viceregal Palace

• Geography of Peru
• Organisations based in Lima
• Geographic societies