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Haplogroup Z

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(Redirected from Haplogroup Z (mtDNA)) Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Z
Possible time of origin21,661.6 ybp

24,900 ybp

25,300 (95% CI 20,300 <-> 31,200) ybp
Possible place of originCentral Asia
AncestorCZ
Defining mutations152 6752 9090 15784 16185 16260

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroup Z in Eurasia

Origin

Haplogroup Z is believed to have arisen in Central Asia, and is a descendant of haplogroup CZ.

Distribution

The greatest clade diversity of haplogroup Z is found in East Asia and Central Asia. However, its greatest frequency appears in some peoples of Russia, such as Evens from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total) and from Berezovka, Srednekolymsky District, Sakha Republic (3/15 Z1a3, 1/15 Z1a2a, 4/15 = 26.7% Z total), and among the Saami people of northern Scandinavia. With the exception of three Khakasses who belong to Z4, two Yakut who belong to Z3a1, two Yakut, a Yakutian Evenk, a Buryat, and an Altai Kizhi who belong to Z3(xZ3a, Z3c), and the presence of the Z3c clade among populations of Altai Republic, nearly all members of haplogroup Z in North Asia and Europe belong to subclades of Z1. The TMRCA of Z1 is 20,400 ybp according to Sukernik et al. 2012, 20,400 ybp according to Fedorova et al. 2013, or 19,600 ybp according to YFull. Among the members (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z7) of haplogroup Z, Nepalese populations were characterized by rare clades Z3a1a and Z7, of which Z3a1a was the most frequent sub-clade in Newar, with a frequency of 16.5%. Z3, found in East Asia, North Asia, and MSEA, is the oldest member of haplogroup Z with an estimated age of ~ 25.4 Kya. Haplogroup Z3a1a is also detected in other Nepalese populations, such as Magar (5.4%), Tharu, Kathmandu (mixed population) and Nepali-other (mixed population from Kathmandu and Eastern Nepal). S6). Z3a1a1 detected in Tibet, Myanmar, Nepal, India, Thai-Laos and Vietnam trace their ancestral roots to China with a coalescent age of ~ 8.4 Kya

Fedorova et al. 2013 have reported finding Z* (xZ1a, Z3, Z4) in 1/388 Turks and 1/491 Kazakhs. These individuals should belong to Z1* (elsewhere observed in a Tofalar), Z2 (observed in Japanese), Z7 (observed in the Himalaya), Z5 (observed in Japanese), or basal Z* (observed in a Blang individual in Northern Thailand).

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup Z subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.

  • Z
    • Z* – Thailand (Blang in Chiang Rai Province)
    • Z-T152C! (TMRCA 24,300 ybp)
      • Z-T152C!* – Hong Kong
      • Z1 (TMRCA 18,600 ybp)
        • Z1a – Koryak, Buryat, Kalmyk, Mongol (Hinggan, Hulunbuir, Xilingol), Khakas, Shor, Altai Kizhi, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Turk, Arab (Uzbekistan) (TMRCA 7,600 ybp)
          • Z1a1 – Italy, Hungary (ancient Avar), Germany, Sweden, Kazakh, Uyghur, Buryat (TMRCA 5,600 ybp)
          • Z1a2 (TMRCA 5,400 ybp)
            • Z1a2* – Ulchi (lower Amur River basin)
            • Z1a2a – Itelmen, Koryak
              • Z1a2a* – Even (Kamchatka), Yukaghir (upper Anadyr River basin)
              • Z1a2a1
                • Z1a2a1* – Even (Kamchatka, Berezovka)
                • Z1a2a1a – Even (Kamchatka), Evenk (village of Nelkan by the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region)
          • Z1a3 (TMRCA 3,600 ybp)
            • Z1a3* – Yukaghir (upper Anadyr River basin), Even (Tompo District, Eveno-Bytantaysky National district or Momsky district of Sakha Republic), Evenk (Nyukzha River basin), Yakut (central Yakutia)
            • Z1a3a
              • Z1a3a* – Even (Kamchatka)
              • Z1a3a1 – Yukaghir (lower Kolyma River basin), Even (Berezovka)
            • Z1a3b – Even (Berezovka), Yakut
          • Z1a4 (TMRCA 5,500 ybp)
            • Z1a4* – Uyghur, Tubalar, Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast)
            • Z1a4a – Uyghur
        • Z1b – Tofalar
          • Z1b1 (G251A) - Tofalar (Karagas) from Alygdzher, Barghut
      • Z2 – Japan (Tokyo, Aichi, etc.) (TMRCA 3,900 ybp)
      • Z3 – China (Shanghai, Dengba, Xinjiang Uyghur, etc.), Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand (Lao Isan in Chaiyaphum Province), Vietnam, Uyghur, Evenk (Sakha Republic), Mongol (Hohhot, Tongliao, Chaoyang, Chifeng, Jiangsu), Buryat, Kalmyk, Altai Kizhi, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Tajik, Azerbaijan, North Ossetian, Romania, USA (TMRCA 15,836 ybp)
        • Z3a – China (Mongol, Xibo, Deng, etc.), Kazakh (TMRCA 12,900 ybp)
        • Z3b – Deng, Gallong (TMRCA 8,400 ybp)
        • Z3-G709A – Yakut, China (Han from Henan)
          • Z3c – Altaian, Altai Kizhi, Iran, China (Kyrgyz from Tashkurgan, Mongol from Tongliao, etc.), Cambodia (Siem Reap), Vietnam
          • Z3d – China (Han from Beijing, etc.), Taiwan (Minnan, etc.), Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Korea
        • Z3+G11696A – China, Korea
          • Z3+G11696A+C16380T - China
          • Z3+G11696A+T454C - China
        • Z3+T8227C – China
          • Z3+T8227C+A13629G - China
          • Z3+T8227C+T4363C - Korea
            • Z3+T8227C+T4363C+A12996G - China (HGDP She people)
              • Z3+T8227C+T4363C+A12996G+T773C - Pakistan (HGDP Hazara)
        • Z3+G7337A - Japan (Tokyo), Kazakhstan (Jetisuu)
        • Z3+A13105G! - China (Barghut from Inner Mongolia)
          • Z3+A13105G!+A13434G - China (Han from Henan, etc.)
      • Z4 – China (Suzhou, Mongol in Shandong, etc.), Thailand (Phuan in Suphan Buri Province), Philippines, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kalmyk, Khakas, Karanogai (TMRCA 14,900 ybp)
        • Z4a – China (Han from Hunan and Denver, Mongol from Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, etc.), Uyghur, Daur, Japan (Tokyo)
          • Z4a1 – China (Han from Wuhan, Mongol from Baotou and Xilingol)
            • Z4a1a – China (Han from Hunan and Yunnan), Vietnam
              • Z4a1a1 – Japan (Tokyo, etc.), South Korea
      • Z7 – Dirang Monpa, Tibet (Tingri, Shannan) (TMRCA 1,750 ybp), Nepal (Newar)
      • Z8* – Nepal (Newar)
    • Z5 – Japan (Aichi)

See also

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

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  2. ^ Rem I. Sukernik, Natalia V. Volodko, Ilya O. Mazunin, Nikolai P. Eltsov, Stanislav V. Dryomov, and Elena B. Starikovskaya, "Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in the Tubalar, Even, and Ulchi: Contribution to Prehistory of Native Siberians and Their Affinities to Native Americans." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 148:123–138 (2012). DOI 10.1002/ajpa.22050
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