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Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى, romanized: ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā, lit. 'Feast of Sacrifice') is the second of the two main holidays in Islam alongside Eid al-Fitr. It falls on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijja, the twelfth and final month of the Islamic calendar. Celebrations and observances are generally carried forward to the three following days, known as the Tashreeq days.

Eid al-Adha is also sometimes called Eid II or "Greater Eid" (Arabic: العيد الكبير, romanized: al-ʿĪd al-Kabīr). As with Eid al-Fitr, the Eid prayer is performed on the morning of Eid al-Adha, after which udhiyah, or the ritual sacrifice of sheep, may be performed. In Islamic tradition, it honours the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God's command. Depending on the narrative, either Ishmael or Isaac are referred to with the honorific title "Sacrifice of God". Pilgrims performing the Hajj typically perform the tawaf and saee of Hajj on Eid al-Adha, along with the ritual Stoning of the Devil on the Eid day and the following days.

Etymology

The Arabic word عيد (ʿīd) means 'festival', 'celebration', 'feast day', or 'holiday'. The word عيد is a triliteral root (ʕ-y-d), with associated root meanings of "to go back, to rescind, to accrue, to be accustomed, habits, to repeat, to be experienced; appointed time or place, anniversary, feast day". Arthur Jeffery contests this etymology, and believes the term to have been borrowed into Arabic from Syriac, or less likely Targumic Aramaic.

The holiday is called عيد الأضحى (Eid-al-Adha) or العيد الكبير (Eid-al-Kabir) in Arabic. The words أضحى (aḍḥā) and قربان (qurbān) are synonymous in meaning 'sacrifice' (animal sacrifice), 'offering' or 'oblation'. The first word comes from the triliteral root ضحى (ḍaḥḥā) with the associated meanings "immolate; offer up; sacrifice; victimize". No occurrence of this root with a meaning related to sacrifice occurs in the Qur'an but in the Hadith literature. Assyrians and other Middle Eastern Christians use the term to mean the Eucharistic host. The second word derives from the triliteral root ‏‏قرب‎‎ (qaraba) with associated meanings of "closeness, proximity... to moderate; kinship...; to hurry; ...to seek, to seek water sources...; scabbard, sheath; small boat; sacrifice". Arthur Jeffery recognizes the same Semitic root, but believes the sense of the term to have entered Arabic through Aramaic.

Eid al-Adha is pronounced Eid al-Azha and Eidul Azha, primarily in Iran and influenced by the Persian language like the Indian subcontinent; /ˌiːd əl ˈɑːdə, - ˈɑːdhɑː/ EED əl AH-də, -⁠ AHD-hah; Arabic: عيد الأضحى, romanized: ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā, IPA: [ʕiːd al ˈʔadˤħaː].

Origin

One of the main trials of Abraham's life was to receive and obey the command of God to slaughter his beloved son Ishmael. According to the narrative, Abraham kept having dreams that he was sacrificing his son. Abraham knew that this was a command from God and he told his son, as stated in the Quran,

"Oh son, I keep dreaming that I am slaughtering you". he replied, "Father, do what you are ordered to do."

— Surah As-Saaffat 37:102

Abraham prepared to submit to the will of God and to slaughter his son as an act of faith and obedience to God. During the preparation, Iblis (Satan) tempted Abraham and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God's commandment, and Abraham drove Iblis away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of their rejection of Iblis, stones are thrown during Hajj rites at symbolic pillars, symbolising the place at which Iblis tried to dissuade Abraham.

Acknowledging that Abraham was willing to sacrifice what is dear to him, God honoured both Abraham and his son. Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) called Abraham, "O' Ibrahim, you have fulfilled the revelations," and a ram from heaven was offered by Angel Gabriel to prophet Abraham to slaughter instead of his son. Many Muslims celebrate Eid al-Adha to commemorate both the devotion of Abraham and the survival of his son Ishmael.

This story is known as the Akedah in Judaism (Binding of Isaac) and originates in the Torah, in the first book of Moses (Genesis, Ch. 22). The Akedah is referred to in the Quran in its 37th surah, As-Saaffat.

The word "Eid" appears once in Al-Ma'ida, the fifth surah of the Quran, with the meaning "a festival or a feast".

Observances

In the days preceding Eid al-Adha and during the Eid and Tashreeq days, Muslims recite the takbir. Like on Eid al-Fitr, the Eid prayer is performed on Eid al-Adha any time after sunrise and before the Zuhr prayer. In the event of a force majeure, the prayer may be delayed to the day after, or the second day after Eid. The Eid prayer is followed by a khutbah (sermon). At the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, Muslims embrace and exchange gifts and greetings with one another, such as the phrase Eid Mubarak. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to invite their friends, neighbours and colleagues to the festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.

Udhiyah

After the Eid prayer, udhiyah, or the ritual sacrifice of cattle, may be performed. Affluent Muslims who can afford it sacrifice halal cattle, usually a camel, goat, sheep, or ram, as a symbol of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his only son. The animals have to meet certain age and quality standards to be considered for sacrifice. In Pakistan alone, roughly 7.5 million animals, costing an estimated $3 billion (equivalent to $4.16 billion in 2023), were sacrificed in 2011. The meat from the sacrificed animal is generally divided into three parts: the family performing the udhiyah retains a third; while the remainder is equally divided between friends and relatives, and the poor.

The tradition for Eid al-Adha involves slaughtering an animal and sharing the meat in three equal parts – for family, for relatives and friends, and for poor people. The goal is to make sure every Muslim gets to eat meat. However, there is a dissent among Muslim scholars regarding the obligatory nature of this sacrifice. While some scholars, such as Al-Kasani, categorise the sacrifice as obligatory (wāǧib), others regard it only as an "established custom" (sunna mu'akkada). Alternatives such as charitable donations or fasting have been suggested to be permissible by several fuqaha.

Muslims are expected to dress in their finest clothing to perform Eid prayer in a large congregation in an open waqf ("stopping") field called Eidgah or mosque. Cuisine traditionally associated with Eid al-Adha includes ma'amoul and samosas.

In the Gregorian calendar

While Eid al-Adha is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Gregorian calendar varies from year to year since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. The lunar calendar is approximately eleven days shorter than the solar calendar. Each year, Eid al-Adha (like other Islamic holidays) falls on one of about two to four Gregorian dates in parts of the world, because the boundary of crescent visibility is different from the International Date Line.

The following list shows the official dates of Eid al-Adha for Saudi Arabia as announced by the Supreme Judicial Council. Future dates are estimated according to the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia. The Umm al-Qura calendar is just a guide for planning purposes and not the absolute determinant or fixer of dates. Confirmations of actual dates by moon sighting are applied on the 29th day of the lunar month prior to Dhu al-Hijja to announce the specific dates for both Hajj rituals and the subsequent Eid festival. The three days after the listed date are also part of the festival. The time before the listed date the pilgrims visit Mount Arafat and descend from it after sunrise of the listed day.

In many countries, the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on the observation of new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.

Environmental impact

The celebration of Eid al-Adha is noted for causing pollution. Activist groups in countries like Indonesia have opted for an eco-friendly celebration of the festival.

Explanatory notes

1. Because the Hijri year differs by about 11 days from the AD year, Eid al-Adha can occur twice a year, in the year 1029, 1062, 1094, 1127, 1159, 1192, 1224, 1257, 1290, 1322, 1355, 1387, 1420, 1452, 1485, 1518, 1550, 1583, 1615, 1648, 1681, 1713, 1746, 1778, 1811, 1844, 1876, 1909, 1941, 1974, 2007, 2039, 2072, 2104, 2137, 2169, 2202, 2235, 2267 and 2300 (will continue to occur every 32 or 33 years).

References

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31. Quran 5:114 — Jesus, son of Mary, prayed, "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a table spread with food as a feast for us—the first and last of us—and as a sign from You. Provide for us! You are indeed the Best Provider." Quran 5:114 — Said Jesus, the son of Mary, "O Allāh, our Lord, send down to us a table from the heaven to be for us a festival for the first of us and the last of us and a sign from You. And provide for us, and You are the best of providers."
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External links

• Media related to Eid al-Adha at Wikimedia Commons
• Muttaqi, Shahid ‘Ali. "The Sacrifice of 'Eid al-Adha'".

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New Year's Day (1–2 January) Day of Nationwide Sorrow (20 January) Khojaly massacre commemoration day (26 February) International Women's Day (8 March) Day of Genocide of Azerbaijanis (31 March) Victory Day over Fascism (9 May) Independence Day (28 May) National Salvation Day of Azerbaijanis (15 June) Day of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan (26 June) Memorial Day (27 September) Day of Restoration of Independence (18 October) Victory Day (8 November) State Flag Day (9 November) Constitution Day (12 November) National Revival Day (17 November) International Solidarity Day of Azerbaijanis (31 December) Novruz (variable) Ramadan Feast (variable) Sacrifice Feast (variable)

v t e Days of importance to Bangladesh
National holidays	Bangabandhu's birthday Independence Day Mourning Day Victory Day
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v t e Public holidays in India
National holidays	Republic Day Independence Day Gandhi Jayanti
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Joint holiday New Year's Day Chinese New Year Day of Silence Good Friday Easter Labour Day Ascension Day Vesak Pancasila Day Independence Day Christmas Islamic New Year The Prophet's Birthday Isra' and Mi'raj Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha

v t e Public holidays in Malaysia
National holidays	Chinese New Year Labour Day Wesak Day Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha Islamic New Year Merdeka Day Muharram Agong's Birthday Malaysia Day Muhammad's Birthday Christmas
State holidays (differ by states)	New Year's Day Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sembilan's Birthday Sultan of Kedah's Birthday Thaipusam Federal Territory Day Anniversary of Installation of the Sultan of Terengganu Sultan of Johor's Birthday Isra and Mi'raj Declaration of Malacca City as Historical City Good Friday Sultan of Terengganu's Birthday First Day of Ramadan Day of Nuzul Al-Quran Tadau Kaamatan Gawai Dayak Declaration of George Town as World Heritage Site Penang State Governor's Birthday Raja of Perlis's Birthday Sarawak Day Hol Day of Sultan Iskandar of Johor Sabah State Governor's Birthday Malacca State Governor's Birthday Sarawak State Governor's Birthday Sultan of Pahang's Birthday Deepavali Sultan of Perak's Birthday Sultan of Kelantan's Birthday Sultan of Selangor's Birthday Christmas Eve

v t e Public holidays in Myanmar
National holidays	New Year's Day Independence Day Union Day Peasants' Day Full Moon Day of Tabaung Armed Forces Day Thingyan Labour Day Full Moon Day of Kason Martyrs' Day Full Moon Day of Kason Full Moon Day of Thadingyut Full Moon Day of Tazaungmon National Day Christmas Eid al-Adha Diwali
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v t e Public holidays in Pakistan
Kashmir Solidarity Day Pakistan Day Labour Day Independence Day Quaid-e-Azam Day Eid ul-Adha Eid-ul-Fitr Eid Milad-un-Nabi Defence Day Youm-e-Takbir Eid-e-Milad an-Nabi

v t e Public holidays in the Philippines
Regular holidays	New Year's Day Maundy Thursday Good Friday Day of Valor Labor Day Independence Day Eid'l Fitr National Heroes Day Eid'l Adha Bonifacio Day Christmas Rizal Day
Special non-working days	Chinese New Year EDSA Revolution Anniversary Black Saturday Ninoy Aquino Day All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day Feast of the Immaculate Conception Christmas Eve Last day of the year
Italicized: Movable holiday See also: Holiday economics

Public holidays in Singapore
National holidays (fixed)	New Year's Day (1 January) Labour Day (1 May) National Day (9 August) Christmas Day (25 December)
National holidays (moveable)	Chinese New Year (2 days) Good Friday Vesak Day Hari Raya Puasa Hari Raya Haji Deepavali
Removed holidays	Thaipusam Easter Monday Holy Saturday Boxing Day Birthday of Prophet Mohamed Second day of Hari Raya Puasa

v t e Public holidays in Sri Lanka
Jan–Mar	Thai Pongal Duruthu Poya Day Independence Day Navam Poya Day Maha Shivratri Madin Poya Day
Apr–Jun	Sinhala and Tamil New Year Day eve Sinhalese New Year/Tamil New Year Bak Poya Day Good Friday May Day Vesak Poya Day Day following Vesak Poya Day Id-Ul-Fitr (Ramazan Festival Day) Poson
Jul–Sep	Esala Poya Day Id-Ul-Alha (Hadji Festival Day) Nikini Poya Day Binara Poya Day
Oct–Dec	Vap Poya Day Deepavali Festival Day Milad-Un-Nabi (Holy Prophet’s Birthday) Ill Poya Day Unduvap Poya Day Christmas Day

v t e Public holidays in Thailand
National holidays	New Year's Day Magha Puja Chakri Memorial Day Songkran Labour Day Royal Ploughing Ceremony and Farmer's Day Vesak King Vajiralongkorn's Birthday Asalha Puja Vassa Queen Sirikit's Birthday King Bhumibol Adulyadej's Memorial Day King Chulalongkorn Day King Bhumibol Adulyadej's Birthday Constitution Day New Year's Eve
Region-based holidays	Chinese New Year Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha Christmas

v t e Public holidays in Turkey
Current	New Year's Day (1 January) National Sovereignty and Children's Day (23 April) Labour and Solidarity Day (1 May) Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day (19 May) Democracy and National Unity Day (15 July) Victory Day (30 August) Republic Day (29 October) Ramadan Feast (variable) Sacrifice Feast (variable)
Former	Freedom and Constitution Day (27 May) İyd-i Millî (23 July)

v t e Hajj
Every year, from the eighth to the twelfth day of Dhu al-Hijjah.
Preparation	Ihram Miqat Al-Juhfah Dhu'l-Hulayfah Masjid 'A'ishah, At-Tan'im Qarnul-Manazil, As-Sayl Yalamlam
Sequence	Tawaf Zamzam Well Safa and Marwa Mina Mount Arafat Muzdalifah Rami al-Jamarat Eid al-Adha Tawaf al-Ifadah Tawaf al-Wida
Mosques	Great Mosque of Mecca Prophet's Mosque Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah Rabigh
Related	Mahmal Road to Makkah
History

• Abraham in Islam
• Animal festival or ritual
• Druze festivals and holy days
• Eid (Islam)
• Hajj
• Islamic holy days
• Islamic terminology
• Public holidays in Algeria
• Public holidays in Azerbaijan
• Public holidays in India
• Public holidays in Pakistan
• Public holidays in Bangladesh
• Public holidays in Myanmar
• Public holidays in Singapore
• Public holidays in Sri Lanka
• Public holidays in Turkey
• Public holidays in Malaysia