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Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
U.S. National Historical Park
Honokōhau Hālau
Location	Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States
Nearest city	Kailua Kona, Hawaii
Coordinates	19°40′43.32″N 156°01′19.20″W / 19.6787000°N 156.0220000°W / 19.6787000; -156.0220000
Area	1,161 acres (470 ha)
Architectural style	Dry stack masonry
Visitation	153,584 (2012)
Website	Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park
NRHP reference No.	78003148
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	November 10, 1978
Designated NHL	December 29, 1962

Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located in the Kona District on the Big island of Hawaiʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi. It includes the National Historic Landmarked archaeological site known as the Honokōhau Settlement. The park was established on November 10, 1978, for the preservation, protection and interpretation of traditional native Hawaiian activities and culture.

History

Kaloko and Honokōhau are the names of two of the four different ahupuaʻa, or traditional mountain-to-sea land divisions encompassed by the park. Although in ancient times this arid area of lava rock was called kekaha ʻaʻole wai (lands without water), the abundant sea life attracted settlement for hundreds of years.

Kaloko

Kaloko (meaning "the pond" in the Hawaiian language) is a site of fishponds used in ancient Hawaii is on the North end of the park. The first reference to the pond comes from the story of Kamalalawalu, about 300 years ago. The kuapā (seawall) is over 30 feet wide and 6 feet high, stretching for 750 feet. Constructed by hand without mortar, the angle and gaps between the stones deflected the surf better than many modern concrete seawalls.

ʻAimakapā fishpond is an important wetland area protecting native birds including the koloa maoli (Hawaiian duck, Anas wyvilliana), ʻalae keʻokeʻo (Hawaiian coot, Fulica alai), āeʻo (Hawaiian stilt, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), auʻkuʻu (black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax), among others. The area is currently under reforestation, after the removal of non-native invasive plants. It was added to the Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Honokōhau

Honokōhau means "bay drawing dew" and refers to the ancient settlement on the south part of the park. This area can be reached via trails from the park visitor center, or from the small boat harbor access road on Kealakehe Parkway. Features include loko iʻa (Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture fishponds), kahua (house site platforms), kiʻi pōhaku (petroglyphs), hōlua (stone slides) and heiau (religious sites). The ʻAiʻopio Fishtrap is a 1.7-acre (0.69 ha) pond, with a stone wall forming an artificial enclosure along the naturally curved shoreline of a bay. Small openings allowed young fish to enter from the sea, but as they grew larger (or at low tide) they were easily caught with nets inside the trap as needed. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.

Recreation

Several restored trails include about one mile of the Māmalahoa Trail. It was built in the mid-19th century, and evolved over the years into the Hawaii Belt Road which encircles the entire island. The coastal trail is part of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail. The Honokōhau boat harbor provides a launching area for traditional canoes, fishing boats, Scuba diving and snorkeling tours of the area.

Gallery

• ʻAiʻopio Fish trap at Honokōhau viewed from the beach
• Honokōhau small boat harbor
• Heiau on the beach
• Partially restored Kaloko Fish Pond
• Maliu Point, Honokohau bay, Park Big island, Hawaii
• Entrance of the Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Big island, Hawaii
• Kaloko Honokōhau National Historical Park, Big island, Hawaii

References

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
2. "National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics". National Park Service. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
3. "Honokōhau Settlement". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
4. Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of loko". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press.
5. Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of kuapā". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press.
6. The Spirit of Kaloko brochure from National Park Service
7. Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Hoyt Elbert; Esther T. Mookini (2004). "lookup of ʻAimakapā". in Place Names of Hawai'i. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press.
8. TREE Hawaii reforestation web site
9. Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park on National Park Service official web site
10. Mary Kawena Pukui; Samuel Hoyt Elbert; Esther T. Mookini (2004). "lookup of Māmalahoa". in Place Names of Hawai'i. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press.

External links

• Official website of the National Park Service
• U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park

v t e National Historical Parks of the United States
Abraham Lincoln Birthplace Adams Appomattox Court House Blackstone River Valley Boston Brown v. Board of Education Cane River Creole Cedar Creek and Belle Grove Chaco Culture Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Colonial Cumberland Gap Dayton Aviation Heritage First State Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie George Rogers Clark Golden Spike Harpers Ferry Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Homestead Hopewell Culture Independence Jean Lafitte Jimmy Carter Kalaupapa Kaloko-Honokōhau Keweenaw Klondike Gold Rush Lewis and Clark Lowell Lyndon B. Johnson Manhattan Project Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller Martin Luther King Jr. Minute Man Morristown Natchez New Bedford Whaling New Orleans Jazz Nez Perce Ocmulgee Mounds Palo Alto Battlefield Paterson Great Falls Pecos Pullman Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau Reconstruction Era Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front Saint-Gaudens Salt River Bay San Antonio Missions San Francisco Maritime San Juan Island Saratoga Sitka Ste. Genevieve Thomas Edison Tumacácori Valley Forge War in the Pacific Weir Farm Women's Rights
Full alphabetical list

v t e National Register of Historic Places on Hawaii island, Hawaii
National Historic Landmarks	Honokohau Settlement Kamakahonu, Residence Of King Kamehameha I Keauhou Holua Slide Mauna Kea Adz Quarry Mookini Heiau Pu'ukohola Heiau South Point Complex
National Historic Sites	Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park Pu'uhonua O Honaunau National Historical Park Pu'ukohola Heiau National Historic Site
Historic districts	Ahole Holua Complex Anna Ranch Bond District Chee Ying Society Hilina Pali Road Holualoa 4 Archeological District (State Site No. 50-10-37-23.661) Kahaluu Historic District Kealakekua Bay Historical District Lapakahi Complex Mauna Loa Road Puako Petroglyph Archeological District Puna-Ka'u Historic District
Buildings	Ainahou Ranch Bank of Hawaiʻi, Ltd. M.S. Botelho Building and Garage Francis H. Ii Brown House Daifukuji Soto Zen Mission District Courthouse and Police Station Ferreira Building First Bank of Hilo, Ltd. Matsujiro Fujino Property Greenwell Store Thomas Guard House Hale Halawai O Holualoa S. Hata Building International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) Jack Wayne Hall Building Walter Irving and Jean Henderson House W.H. Hill House Hilo Masonic Lodge Hall–Bishop Trust Building James M. Hind House Honokaʻa Hongwanji Buddhist Mission Honokaa People's Theatre Honoka'a Public Library Honoka'a United Methodist Church Hotel Honokaa Club Huliheʻe Palace Imiola Church Kahikolu Church Kamehameha Hall Kohala District Courthouse Kamekichi and Mika Kotake Store Property Levi and Netti Lyman House Rev. D.B. Lyman House Mokuaikaua Church Edward H. and Claire Moses House A. Nanbu Hotel-Holy's Bakery Old Volcano House No. 42 Palace Theater James and Catherine Parker House St. Benedict's Catholic Church Masaaki Sakata Property W.H. Shipman House John Dias Souza Property Star of the Sea Church-Kalapana Painted Church Tong Wo Society Building Herbert Austin Truslow House U.S. Post Office and Office Building Uchida Coffee Farm Volcano Block Building Waiakea Mission Station-Hilo Station Waimea Elementary School Whitney Seismograph Vault No. 29 A.J. Williamson House Kojiro Yamato Store and Garage Teiji Yamatsuka Store
Object	Kamehameha III's Birthplace
Sites	1790 Footprints Ala Loa Bobcat Trail Habitation Cave (50-10-30-5004) Heiau in Kukuipahu Kalaoa Permanent House Site 10,205 Kamoa Point Complex Kii Petroglyphs Kilauea Crater Kuamo'o Burials Mahana Archeological District (50HA10230) Manuka Bay Petroglyphs Puaʻa-2 Agricultural Fields Archeological District Wilkes Campsite
Structures	Ahu A Umi Heiau Ainapo Trail
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings on Hawaii island, Hawaii and List of National Historic Landmarks in Hawaii

• History of Hawaii (island)
• Kailua-Kona, Hawaii
• National Park Service areas in Hawaii
• Wetlands of Hawaii
• Archaeological sites in Hawaii
• Hawaii culture
• National historical parks of the United States
• National Historic Landmarks in Hawaii
• Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii
• Protected areas established in 1978
• Protected areas of Hawaii (island)
• Landforms of Hawaii (island)
• 1978 establishments in Hawaii
• Beaches of Hawaii (island)
• National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii County, Hawaii
• Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii