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Kaloeng (Kalerng, Kaleung) is a Southwestern Tai language of Thailand and Laos.

Distribution

In Thailand, Kaloeng is spoken in Sakon Nakhon Province, Nakhon Phanom Province, and Mukdahan Province (Trongdee 2016). In Laos, it is spoken in Khammouan Province.

External classification

Mudjalin Luksanawong classifies the Kaloeng language as part of the Sakon Nakhon subbranch of the Southwestern Tai.

• Nakhon Phanom
  • Nakhon Phanom
• Sakon Nakhon
  • Yoy-Yooy-Kalööng
    • Yoy
    • Yooy
    • Kalööng

In the Sakon Nakhon languages, Proto-Tai *hw- and *w- (Pittayaporn 2009:134-135) became /ph/- (Trongdee 2016:55). Also, the Sakon Nakhon languages display the uncommon labiovelar initial clusters thw-, cw-, sw-, hw-, ŋw-, lw-, ʔw- (Trongdee 2016:56).

Internal classification

Thananan Trongdee classifies the Kaloeng dialects as follows according to the evolution of the Proto-Kaloeng diphthong *-aɯ.

• Group 1: *-aɯ > -aɯ (all spoken in Laos)
  • Hinboun District: Pha Wang; Nong Hoi
  • Yommalath District: Phon Bok
  • Nong Bok District: Nong Bok
  • Boualapha District: Kha Yu
  • Kounkham District: Kong Lo
• (branch)
  • Group 2: *-aɯ > -əi
    • Mueang Sakon Nakhon District: Muanglai ม่วงลาย
    • Kut Bak District: Ban Bua บ้านบัว
    • Kusuman District: Saen Phan แสนพัน
    • Khamcha-i District: Non Sang Si
  • Group 3: *-aɯ > -ai
    • Mueang Sakon Nakhon District: Na Yo นายอ; Dong Mafai ดงมะไฟ
    • Phanna Nikhom District: Choeng Chum เชิงชุม
    • Mueang Nakhon Phanom District: Kurukhu กุรุคุ; Khamtoei คำเตย
    • Phon Sawan District: Phon Bok โพนบก
    • Tha Uthen District: Na Sok นาโสก
    • Pla Pak District: Kutakai ปลาปาก
    • Na Kae District: Phra Song พระซอง
    • Yommalath District, Laos: Don Pueai
    • Nong Bok District, Laos: Dong Phak Pue

References

1. Lawalee, Banjong; Yodmalee, Boonsom; Champadaeng, Sitthisak (2014-09-24). "Boon Phawet: A Comparative Study of a Phu Tai, Tai-Lao and Kaleung Religious Ceremony in North-eastern Thailand". Asian Culture and History. 7 (1). doi:10.5539/ach.v7n1p24. ISSN 1916-9663.
2. Trongdee, Thananan (2014). "The Lao-Speaking Nyo in Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia". Manusya. 17 (3): 69–85. doi:10.1163/26659077-01703005. ISSN 0859-9920.

v t e Languages of Thailand
Official language	Thai
Other Thais	Lao–Phutai Isan Phu Thai Chiang Saen Northern Thai Tai Lü Phuan Thai Song Sukhothai Southern Thai Northwestern Khün Shan Tai Nüa
Minority by languages groups	Austroasiatic Bru Chong Chung Jahai Kensiu Khmer Northern Western Kintaq Kuy Mlabri Mon Nyah Kur Palaung Ten'edn Thavung Vietnamese Austronesian Cham Malay Bangkok Malay Pattani Malay Satun Malay Moken Moklen Urak Lawoi’ Hmong-Mien Hmong Iu Mien Sino-Tibetan Akha Eastern Pwo Lisu Sinitic Cantonese Teochew Hakka Hokkien Hainanese Hokchew Nuosu Mpi Northern Pwo Phrae Pwo Red Karen (Eastern Kayah) S'gaw Karen Ugong
Non-Indigenous	Immigrant language Burmese Hindi Punjabi Russian Southwestern Mandarin Working language English Japanese Korean
Sign languages	Thai Sign Language Ban Khor Sign

• Languages of Thailand
• Languages of Laos
• Southwestern Tai languages