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Razavi Khorasan Province Persian: استان خراسان رضوی
Province
From top to bottom and from left to right: Mashhad, Nishapur, Kalat, Chenaran, Sabzevar, Sarakhs, and Kashmar
Location of Khorasan-e Razavi province within Iran
Coordinates: 35°47′N 58°42′E / 35.783°N 58.700°E / 35.783; 58.700
Country	Iran
Region	Region 5
Capital	Mashhad
Counties	34
Government
• Governor-general	Gholam Hossein Mozaffari
Area
• Total	118,884 km (45,901 sq mi)
Highest elevation	3,211 m (10,535 ft)
Lowest elevation	299 m (981 ft)
Population
• Total	6,434,501
• Estimate	6,871,000
• Density	54/km (140/sq mi)
Demonym	Khorasani (Persian: خراسانی)
Time zone	UTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code	051
ISO 3166 code	IR-09
Main language(s)	Persian
HDI (2017)	0.781 high · 19th
Website	http://ostandari.khorasan.ir/

Razavi Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان رضوی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in northeastern Iran. Its capital is the city of Mashhad, the second-most-populous city in Iran.

Razavi Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan Province in 2004. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5 with Mashhad as the location of the region's secretariat.

History

The Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of the Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkmens brought changes to the region time and time again.

Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran ("Ērānshahr") into eight segments of which the most flourishing and largest was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one of the focal points for residence of the Aryan tribes after entering Iran.

The Parthian Empire was based near Merv in Khorasan for many years. During the Sassanid dynasty, the province was governed by a Spahbod (Lieutenant General) called "Padgošban" and four margraves, each commander of one of the four parts of the province.

Khorasan was divided into four parts during the Muslim conquest of Persia, each section being named after one of the four largest cities, Nishapur, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.

In the year 651, the army of the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Khorasan. The territory remained under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian Tahirid dynasty until 873, and the Samanid dynasty in 900.

Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Khorasan-e Razavi, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan.

Demographics

Ethnicity

The major ethnic group in this region are Persians, there are other sizeable communities such as Khorasani Kurds, Khorasani Turks, Turkmens and Khorasani Baloch.

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 5,515,980 in 1,426,187 households. The following census in 2011 counted 5,994,402 people in 1,716,314 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 6,434,501 in 1,938,703 households.

Administrative divisions

The population history and structural changes of Razavi Khorasan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Cities

According to the 2016 census, 4,700,924 people (over 72% of the population of Razavi Khorasan province) live in the following cities:

The following sorted table lists the most populous cities in Razavi Khorasan according to 2016 Census results announced by Statistical Center of Iran. After Mashhad, Nishapur, Sabzevar, and Torbat-e Heydarieh are the most populous cities of the province.

Archaeological sites

The main archeological sites discovered in this province include:

Kohandezh hills

Excavations conducted by an American team between 1935 and 1940 in Nishapur discovered museum-worthy objects, which were shared with the government of the Shah. The Metropolitan Museum of Art's publications document its own Nishapur ceramics from those excavations. For half a century after 1945 the site of Nishapur was ransacked to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art. Nowadays, the Kohandezh hills reveal the remains from those excavations.

Shadiyakh

Shadiyakh was an important palace in old Nishapur up to the 7th century, and became more important and populated after that. The palace was completely ruined in the 13th century. It was the home of notables such as Farid al-Din Attar, whose tomb is found in Shadiyakh.

Attractions

This province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves and protected regions, and various hiking areas.

Besides these, Khorasan encompasses numerous religious buildings and places of pilgrimage, including the shrine of Imam Reza, Goharshad mosque and many other mausoleums and Imamzadehs which attract visitors to this province.

The Cultural Heritage of Iran lists 1179 sites of historical and cultural significance in all three provinces of Khorasan.

Some of the popular attractions of Khorasan-e Razavi are:

Mashhad

• Imam Reza Shrine
• Goharshad Mosque
• Tomb of Nader Shah
• Tomb of Khajeh Rabie
• Tomb of Ferdowsi
• Haruniyeh Dome

Nishapur

• Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur
• Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám
• Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk
• Tomb of Heydar Yaghma
• Shadiyakh
• Jameh Mosque of Nishapur

Sabzevar

• Khosrogerd Minaret
• Pamenar Mosque, Sabzevar
• Jameh Mosque of Sabzevar
• Tomb of Hadi Sabzevari
• Tomb of Boghrat

Kashmar

• Arg of Kashmar
• Tomb of Hassan Modarres
• Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza
• Imamzadeh Hamzeh, Kashmar
• Imamzadeh Mohammad
• Grave of Pir Quzhd
• Jameh Mosque of Kashmar
• Haj Soltan Religious School
• Haji Jalal Mosque
• Atashgah Manmade-Cave
• Atashgah Castle
• Kohneh Castle, Zendeh Jan
• Rig Castle
• Amin al-tojar Caravansarai
• Talaabad Watermill
• Yakhchāl of Kashmar

Khalilabad

• Jameh Mosque of Khalilabad
• Kondor castle
• Kondor Ab anbars

Torbat-e Jam

• Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami mausoleum complex

Gonabad

• Forud castle
• Qanats of Gonabad
• Kūh-Zibad

Sarakhs

• Ribat-i Sharaf
• Tomb of Baba Loghman

Bardaskan

• Tomb of Abdolabad
• Aliabad Tower
• Firuzabad Tower
• Firuzabad area
• Seyyed Bagher Ab anbar
• Darone Cave
• Sir Cave
• Rahmanniyeh Castle
• Qal'eh Dokhtar, Khooshab
• Qal'eh Dokhtar, Doruneh

Bajestan

• Jameh Mosque of Marandiz

Taybad

• Abbasabad Complex Taybad
• Karat Minaret

Rivash

• Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh
• Nameq Village
• Shahi Dam
• Gabar Hesar castle
• Baghdasht Peak
• Band-e Qara Bathhouse
• Natural Yakhchāl of Band-e Qara

Colleges and universities

• Asrar Institute of Higher Education
• Bahar Institute of Higher Education
• Comprehensive University of Applied and Practical Sciences, Khorasan
• Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
• Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
• Hakim-e Sabzevari University of Sabzevar
• Imam Reza University
• Islamic Azad University of Bardaskan [fa]
• Islamic Azad University of Ghoochan
• Islamic Azad University of Gonabad
• Islamic Azad University of Mashhad
• Islamic Azad University of Neishabur
• Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar
• Islamic Azad University of Torbat e Jam
• Islamic Azad University of Torbat Heidariyeh
• Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
• Payame Noor University of Bardaskan [fa]
• Payame Noor University of Mashhad
• Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
• Sadjad University of Technology
• Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran

Gallery

• Mashhad
• Mashhad
• Mashhad
• Kashmar
• Kashmar
• Kashmar
• Nishapur
• Nishapur
• Nishapur
• Sabzevar
• Sabzevar
• Sabzevar
• Khalilabad
• Khalilabad
• Ferdows
• Torbat-e Heydarieh
• Sarakhs
• Bardaskan

See also

• Greater Khorasan
• Khorasan Province
• South Khorasan Province
• North Khorasan Province

Media related to Razavi Khorasan Province at Wikimedia Commons

Notes

1. Also romanized as Ostân-e Xorâsân-e Razavi; also خراسان مرکزی, romanized as Xorâsân-e Markazi {English: Central Khorasan Province
2. Separated from Gonabad County after the 2006 census
3. Separated from Taybad County after the 2006 census
4. Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2011 census
5. Separated from Nishapur County after the 2006 census; established as Takht-e Jolgeh County
6. Separated from Chenaran County after the 2016 census
7. ^ Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census
8. Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census
9. Separated from Kashmar County after the 2016 census
10. Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census
11. Separated from Torbat-e Jam County after the 2016 census
12. Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2016 census
13. Separated from Mashhad County after the 2006 census
14. Formerly Binalud County
15. Separated from Torbat-e Heydarieh County after the 2006 census
16. Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census

References

1. OpenStreetMap contributors (28 October 2024). "Razavi Khorasan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 28 October 2024.
2. "جمعیت". amar.org.ir.
3. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Razavi Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
4. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
5. Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
6. همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions). Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
7. "CSKK - Kurds in Khorasan". Retrieved 24 October 2024.
8. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
9. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Razavi Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
10. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Razavi Khorasan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
11. Davodi, Parviz (29 October 2019) . Approval letter regarding reforms of national divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Gonabad County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Notification 161409/T38028K. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
12. Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (14 August 2019) . Letter of approval regarding divisional reforms in Razavi Khorasan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 203213/42/1/4/1; Notification 105111/T44362. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
13. Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (30 June 2012). "Davarzan County was added to the map of national divisions; with some changes in the geography map of Razavi Khorasan province". isna.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023 – via Iranian Students' News Agency.
14. Davodi, Parviz (26 November 2014) . Approval letter regarding reforms of national divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Nishapur County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Notification 161416/T35368K. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
15. Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) . Changes in national divisions in the case of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 68717. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
16. Davodi, Parviz (c. 2014) . Approval letter regarding the reforms of national divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Sabzevar County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 130413/42/4/1; Notification 161474/T32507K. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
17. Rahimi, Mohammadreza (28 February 2013) . Approval letter regarding definitions and national divisions in Sabzevar County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 29266/42/1/4/1; Notification 149133/T44704H. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
18. "Notification of the establishment of Kuhsorkh County in Razavi Khorasan province". cabinetoffice.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. 23 December 2018 . Letter 56248/120511. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023 – via Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board.
19. Mokhbar, Mohammad (c. 2023) . Changing the center of Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province to Raisi village and the center of Belharat Rural District to Rigi village. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 51670. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
20. Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) . Letter of approval regarding reforms and divisional changes in Razavi Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 75509. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
21. Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2020) . Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Razavi Khorasan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 129353; Notification 17279/T55048H. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
22. Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding the reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Mashhad County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
23. Rahimian, Hamid Reza (8 June 2022) . "The county of Binalud was renamed Torqabeh and Shandiz". isna.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024 – via Iranian Students' News Agency.
24. Davodi, Parviz (28 October 2019) . Approval letter regarding the creation of Zaveh County with the center of Dowlatabad city under the citizenship of Razavi Khorasan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 78561/42/1/4; Notification 141605/T31734H. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
25. Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2020) . Approval letter regarding the establishment of Heshmatiyeh Rural District in Zeberkhan District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 159040. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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External links

• The text of the law for division of Khorasan into three provinces (in Persian)
• Cultural Heritage Foundation of Khorasan
• Khorasan-e Razavi Province cooprative office
• Khorasan-e Razavi Province cooprative office (in Persian)
• Khorasan-e Razavi Province Department of Education (in Persian)
• Imam Reza Shrine Official website
• Mashad Mayor's Office
• Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi Official website

v t e Places adjacent to Razavi Khorasan province
North Khorasan Province Ahal Province,  Turkmenistan Semnan Province Khorasan-e Razavi Province Yazd Province South Khorasan Province Herat Province,  Afghanistan

v t e Provinces of Iran
Alborz Ardabil Bushehr Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari East Azerbaijan Fars Gilan Golestan Hamadan Hormozgan Ilam Isfahan Kerman Kermanshah Khuzestan Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Kurdistan Lorestan Markazi Mazandaran North Khorasan Qazvin Qom Razavi Khorasan Semnan Sistan and Baluchestan South Khorasan Tehran West Azerbaijan Yazd Zanjan

v t e Razavi Khorasan province
Capital	Mashhad
Counties and cities	Bajestan County Bajestan Yunesi Bakharz County Bakharz Bardaskan County Bardaskan Anabad Shahrabad Chenaran County Chenaran Dargaz County Dargaz Chapeshlu Lotfabad Now Khandan Davarzan County Davarzan Fariman County Fariman Farhadgerd Qalandarabad Sefid Sang Firuzeh County Firuzeh Hemmatabad Golbahar County Shahr Jadid-e Golbahar Golmakan Gonabad County Gonabad Bidokht Kakhk Joghatai County Joghatai Joveyn County Neqab Kalat County Kalat Shahr-e Zow Kashmar County Kashmar Farg Qaleh Khalilabad County Khalilabad Kondor Khoshab County Soltanabad Khaf County Khvaf Nashtifan Qasemabad Salami Sangan Kuhsorkh County Rivash Mahvelat County Feyzabad Shadmehr Mashhad County Mashhad Malekabad Razaviyeh Nishapur County Nishapur Chekneh Darrud Kharv Eshqabad Qadamgah Quchan County Quchan Bajgiran Roshtkhar County Rashtkhvar Jangal Sabzevar County Sabzevar Rud Ab Salehabad County Salehabad Sarakhs County Sarakhs Mazdavand Sheshtamad County Sheshtomad Taybad County Taybad Kariz Mashhad Rizeh Torbat-e Heydarieh County Torbat-e Heydarieh Bayg Kadkan Robat-e Sang Torbat-e Jam County Torbat-e Jam Nasrabad Nilshahr Samiabad-e Arbab Din Mohammad Torqabeh and Shandiz County Torqabeh Shandiz Zaveh County Dowlatabad Zeberkhan County Darrud Kharv Qadamgah
Landmarks	Abbasabad Complex Tomb of Abdolabad Aliabad Tower Amin al-tojar Caravansarai Atashgah Manmade-Cave Atashgah Castle Firuzabad area Firuzabad Tower Goharshad Mosque Haj Soltan Religious School Haji Jalal Mosque Haruniyeh Dome Imam Reza shrine Imamzadeh Hamzeh, Kashmar Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza Jameh Mosque of Kashmar Jameh Mosque of Marandiz Jameh Mosque of Nishapur Jameh Mosque of Sabzevar Karat Minaret Khosrogerd Minaret Kondor Ab anbars Kūh-e Tīr Māhī Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám Khalilabad Hot Spring Pamenar Mosque, Sabzevar Qanats of Ghasabeh Ribat of Kabudan Ribat of Sharaf Rig castle Shahi Dam Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami mausoleum complex Seyyed Bagher Ab anbar Shadiyakh Sir Cave Tandooreh National Park Tomb of Baba Loghman Tomb of Boghrat Tomb of Ferdowsi Tomb of Hadi Sabzevari Tomb of Hassan Modarres Tomb of Heydar Yaghma Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk Tomb of Khajeh Rabie Tomb of Nader Shah Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh
General	List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province

• Razavi Khorasan province
• Provinces of Iran