The Lanikaz (Arabic: Nilqāz) was a Turkic tribe or clan. They were one of seven original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation. They originated from the Central Asian steppes.
The Lanikaz were one of seven original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation, along with the Imur/Imi, Imak Tatar, Kipchak, Bayandur, and Ajlad. The Kimek tribes originated in the Central Asian steppes and had migrated to the territory of present-day Kazakhstan. The Lanikaz, as part of the Kimek, were mentioned by Gardizi. Their ethnonym may be derived from alan-i-kaz(ar) meaning "Khazar Alans". V. F. Minorsky rendered the name as Nilkaz, S. Agajanov as Nilkar. S. M. Akhindjanov connected the name Nilkaz to the Nilkan clan of the Mongolian tribe of Djalayir. S. Divitçioğlu rendered it Nilqas.
Y. Zuev calls the spelling "Lanikaz" an 'obviously distorted name of the Kimek tribe in the Gardizi list', and corrects it to Laktan, which Zuev further links to Middle Chinese 駱駝 *lɑk̚ dɑ "camel". The location of the Kimek Laktan 落坦 (Luotan < MC: *lɑk̚-tʰɑn), before the Kimek's return to the area of Black Irtysh, in the Chinese annals is described as east from the lake Külün on the northern left bank of the river Argun. Zuev observes that Chinese annals contain a 'number of messages about congratulatory visits of Kimeks-Laktans to Chang'an, attesting to the political importance of this tribe. They do not contain any other information.'
Note
- also known as 落俎 Luozu < MC: *lɑk̚-t͡ʃɨʌ & included among with the Shiwei people
References
- Akerov 2005, p. 132, Róna-Tas 1997, p. 194, Kimball 1994
- ^ Agajanov 1992, p. 69.
- ^ Kimball 1994.
- See Agajanov 1992, p. 69 and Kimball 1994
- Bosworth 2017.
- Róna-Tas 1997, p. 194.
- ^ Akerov 2005, p. 132.
- Divitçioğlu 2008, p. 60.
- Yu. Zuev, "Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology" (2002), p. 135
- Ouyang Xiu et al. Xin Tangshu "vol. 219", section "Shiwei" quote: "北有大山，山外曰大室韋，瀕於室建河，河出俱倫，迆而東；河南有蒙瓦部，其北落坦部". translation: "In the north there are great mountains, beyond the mountains are the Great Shiwei, they are situated next to the river Shijian; the river flows from Julun, windingly eastwards; south of the river are the Mengwa tribe, north of them were the Luotan tribe."
- Jiu Tangshu, "vol. 199b", section Shiwei quote: "其北大山之北有大室韋部落，其部落傍望建河居。其河源出突厥東北界俱輪泊，屈曲東流，經西室韋界，又東經大室韋界，又東經蒙兀室韋之北，落俎室韋之南". Translation: "In the north, there are great mountains, north of which there is the Great Shiwei tribe; that tribe dwells next to the Wangjian river. That river's originates from Lake Julun north-east of the Tujue's boundary, flowing windingly eastwards; it borders the West Shiwei, further east it borders the Great Shiwei, further east it flows north of the Mengwu Shiwei south of the Luozu Shiwei."
- Zuev, Yu. (2002) p. 135
Sources
- Zuev Yu.A., "Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology", Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, ISBN 9985-4-4152-9 (In Russian)
- Agajanov, S. G. (1992). "The States of the Oghuz, the Kimek and the Kipchak". History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV: The Age of Achievement AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 61–76. ISBN 978-81-208-1595-7.
- Bosworth, C. Edmund (15 May 2017). The Turks in the Early Islamic World. Taylor & Francis. pp. 192–. ISBN 978-1-351-88087-9.
- Pletneva S.A., "Kipchaks", Moscow, "Science", 1990, p. 74, ISBN 5-02-009542-7
- Kimball, Linda Amy (1994). "The Vanished Kimak Empire" (PDF). In Kaplan, Edward H.; Whisenhunt, Donald W. (eds.). Opuscula Altaica : Essays Presented in Honor of Henry Schwarz. Studies on East Asia. Vol. 18. Bellingham, Washington: East Asian Studies Press, Western Washington University. pp. 371–392. ISBN 0-914584-19-7.
- Divitçioğlu, Sencer (2008). Meta history: Egean beyliks. Eren. p. 74. ISBN 978-975-6372-40-1.
- Róna-Tas, András (1997). A honfoglaló magyar nép: bevezetés a korai magyar történelem ismeretébe. Balassi Kiadó. ISBN 9789635061402.
- Akerov, Tabyldy Abdramanovich (2005). Ancient Kyrgyz and the Great Steppe: following in the tracks of ancient Kyrgyz civilizations. Biyiktik. ISBN 978-9967-13-151-4.
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