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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.

Definitions

City proper (administrative)

A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper. UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government. Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.

The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives. Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly from the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the core urban area into suburban and rural areas. The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are agricultural workers living in a rural setting.

Urban area

A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF defines urban area as follows:

The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).

According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.

Metropolitan area

A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:

A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).

In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which manages Manila metropolitan area. Similar agencies exist in Indonesia, such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.

List

There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2018 estimates by the United Nations. The UN figures include a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area.

City	Country	UN 2018 population estimates	City proper				Urban area			Metropolitan area
			Definition	Population	Area (km)	Density (/km)	Population	Area (km)	Density (/km)	Population	Area (km)	Density (/km)
Tokyo	Japan	37,468,000	Metropolis prefecture	13,515,271	2,191	6,169	37,732,000	8,231	4,584	37,274,000	13,452	2,771
Delhi	India	28,514,000	Municipal corporation	16,753,235	1,484	11,289	32,226,000	2,344	13,748	29,000,000	3,483	8,326
Shanghai	China	25,582,000	Municipality	24,870,895	6,341	3,922	24,073,000	4,333	5,556	—	—	—
São Paulo	Brazil	21,650,000	Municipality	12,252,023	1,521	8,055	23,086,000	3,649	6,327	21,734,682	7,947	2,735
Mexico City	Mexico	21,581,000	City-state	9,209,944	1,485	6,202	21,804,000	2,530	8,618	21,804,515	7,866	2,772
Cairo	Egypt	20,076,000	Urban governorate	10,044,894	3,085	3,256	20,296,000	2,010	10,098	—	—	—
Mumbai	India	19,980,000	Municipal corporation	12,478,447	603	20,694	24,973,000	976	25,587	23,598,000	6,328	3,729
Beijing	China	19,618,000	Municipality	21,893,095	16,411	1,334	18,522,000	4,284	4,324	—	—	—
Dhaka	Bangladesh	19,578,000	Capital city	10,295,407	338	30,460	18,627,000	619	30,092	14,543,124	—	—
Osaka	Japan	19,281,000	Designated city	2,725,006	225	12,111	15,126,000	3,020	5,009	19,303,000	13,228	1,459
New York City	United States	18,819,000	City	8,804,190	778	11,316	21,509,000	12,093	1,779	MSA: 19,557,311; CSA: 23,143,097	12,093	1,665
Tehran	Iran	16,896,000	Capital city	9,033,003	751	12,028	14,148,000	1,704	8,303	—	—	—
Karachi	Pakistan	15,400,000	Metropolitan city	20,382,881	3,530	5,774	15,738,000	1,124	14,002	20,382,000	3,780	5,392
Buenos Aires	Argentina	14,967,000	Autonomous city	3,054,300	203	15,046	16,710,000	3,437	4,862	12,806,866	—	—
Chongqing	China	14,838,000	Municipality	32,054,159	82,403	389	12,135,000	1,580	7,680	—	—	—
Istanbul	Turkey	14,751,000	Metropolitan municipality	15,519,267	5,196	2,987	14,441,000	1,471	9,817	—	—	—
Kolkata	India	15,333,000	Municipal corporation	4,496,694	206	21,829	21,747,000	1,352	16,085	15,333,000	1,887	8,126
Manila	Philippines	13,482,000	Capital city	1,780,148	43	41,399	24,922,000	1,911	13,041	12,877,253	620	20,770
Lagos	Nigeria	13,463,000	Metropolitan city	—	—	—	16,637,000	1,966	8,462	21,000,000	1,171	17,933
Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	13,293,000	Municipality	6,520,000	1,221	5,340	12,592,000	2,020	6,234	12,644,321	5,327	2,374
Tianjin	China	13,215,000	Municipality	13,866,009	11,920	1,163	10,368,000	2,813	3,686	—	—	—
Kinshasa	DR Congo	13,171,000	City-province	17,071,000	9,965	1,713	12,836,000	474	27,080	—	—	—
Guangzhou	China	12,638,000	City (sub-provincial)	18,676,605	7,434	2,512	26,940,000	4,535	5,940	—	—	—
Los Angeles	United States	12,458,000	City	3,990,456	1,214	3,287	15,204,000	6,351	2,394	MSA: 13,291,486; CSA: 18,372,485	12,559	1,058
Moscow	Russia	12,410,000	Federal city	13,200,000	2,511	5,257	17,332,000	6,154	2,816	20,004,462	—	—
Shenzhen	China	11,908,000	City (sub-provincial)	17,494,398	2,050	8,534	17,619,000	1,803	9,772	—	—	—
Lahore	Pakistan	11,738,000	Metropolitan city	13,004,135	1,772	7,339	12,306,000	945	13,022	—	—	—
Bengaluru	India	11,440,000	Municipal corporation	8,443,675	709	11,909	15,386,000	1,401	10,982	—	—	—
Paris	France	10,901,000	Commune	2,148,271	105	20,460	11,060,000	2,853	3,877	12,244,807	18,941	646
Bogotá	Colombia	10,574,000	Capital District	7,963,000	1,587	5,018	10,085,000	562	17,945	12,545,272	5,934	2,114
Jakarta	Indonesia	10,517,000	Special region	10,154,134	664	15,292	33,756,000	3,546	9,519	33,430,285	7,063	4,733
Chennai	India	10,456,000	Municipal corporation	6,727,000	426	15,791	12,395,000	1,085	11,424	11,564,000	2,280	5,072
Lima	Peru	10,391,000	Metropolitan municipality	8,894,000	2,672	3,329	10,320,000	891	11,582	9,569,468	2,819	3,395
Bangkok	Thailand	10,156,000	Special administrative area	8,305,218	1,569	5,293	18,007,000	3,199	5,629	16,255,900	7,762	2,094
Seoul	South Korea	9,963,000	Special city	10,013,781	605	16,552	23,016,000	2,769	8,312	25,514,000	11,704	2,180
Nagoya	Japan	9,507,000	Designated city	2,320,361	326	7,118	9,197,000	3,704	2,483	9,363,000	7,271	1,288
Hyderabad	India	9,482,000	Municipal corporation	6,993,262	650	10,759	10,494,000	1,404	7,474	—	—	—
London	United Kingdom	9,046,000	Capital city	8,825,001	1,572	5,614	11,262,000	1,738	6,480	14,372,596	8,382	1,715
Chicago	United States	8,864,000	City	2,746,388	589	4,663	9,057,000	7,006	1,293	MSA: 9,618,502; CSA: 9,806,184	18,640	516
Chengdu	China	8,813,000	City (sub-provincial)	20,937,757	14,378	1,456	20,937,757	1,935	10,821	—	—	—
Nanjing	China	8,245,000	City (sub-provincial)	9,314,685	6,582	1,415	8,422,000	1,614	5,218	—	—	—
Wuhan	China	8,176,000	City (sub-provincial)	12,447,718	8,494	1,465	12,447,718	1,722	7,229	—	—	—
Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	8,145,000	Municipality	7,431,000	2,061	3,606	15,136,000	2,165	6,991	—	—	—
Luanda	Angola	7,774,000	Municipality	2,165,867	116	18,671	9,051,000	1,005	9,006	—	—	—
Ahmedabad	India	7,681,000	Municipal corporation	5,570,585	464	12,006	8,009,000	404	19,824	6,300,000	—	—
Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	7,564,000	City	1,768,000	243	7,276	8,911,000	2,163	4,120	7,200,000	2,793	2,578
Xi'an	China	7,444,000	City (sub-provincial)	12,183,280	10,135	1,202	12,328,000	1,826	6,751	—	—	—
Hong Kong	Hong Kong	7,429,000	Special administrative region	7,298,600	1,104	6,611	7,450,000	290	25,690	—	—	—
Dongguan	China	7,360,000	Prefecture-level city	10,466,625	2,465	4,246	10,646,000	1,759	6,052	—	—	—
Hangzhou	China	7,236,000	City (sub-provincial)	11,936,010	16,596	719	9,523,000	1,344	7,086	—	—	—
Foshan	China	7,236,000	Prefecture-level city	9,498,863	3,848	2,469	—	—	—	—	—	—
Shenyang	China	6,921,000	City (sub-provincial)	8,294,000	12,980	639	7,964,000	1,551	5,135	—	—	—
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	6,907,000	Municipality	6,694,000	1,913	3,499	7,237,000	1,673	4,326	—	—	—
Baghdad	Iraq	6,812,000	Urban governorate	8,126,755	5,200	1,563	6,183,000	694	8,909	—	—	—
Santiago	Chile	6,680,000	City (commune)	236,453	22	10,748	7,171,000	1,147	6,252	7,112,808	15,403	462
Surat	India	6,564,000	Municipal corporation	4,466,826	327	13,660	6,538,000	238	27,471	—	—	—
Madrid	Spain	6,497,000	Municipality	3,266,126	606	5,390	6,211,000	1,365	4,550	6,641,649	—	—
Suzhou	China	6,339,000	Prefecture-level city	12,748,262	8,488	1,502	6,031,000	1,386	4,351	—	—	—
Pune	India	6,276,000	Municipal corporation	3,124,458	485	6,447	8,231,000	650	12,663	7,276,000	7,256	1,003
Harbin	China	6,115,000	City (sub-provincial)	10,635,971	53,068	200	3,830,000	671	5,708	—	—	—
Houston	United States	6,115,000	City	2,325,502	1,553	1,497	6,500,000	4,931	1,318	6,997,384	21,395	327
Dallas	United States	6,099,000	City	1,345,047	882	1,525	6,950,000	5,278	1,317	7,470,158	22,463	333
Toronto	Canada	6,082,000	City	2,731,571	630	4,336	6,771,000	2,344	2,889	5,928,040	5,906	1,004
Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	6,048,000	City	5,383,728	1,393	3,865	7,962,000	961	8,285	—	—	—
Miami	United States	6,036,000	City	470,914	93	5,069	6,058,000	3,313	1,829	6,158,824	15,890	388
Belo Horizonte	Brazil	5,972,000	City	2,502,557	331	7,563	5,328,000	1,287	4,140	5,156,217	9,459	545
Singapore	Singapore	5,792,000	Country	5,638,700	726	7,770	5,983,000	523	11,440	—	—	—
Philadelphia	United States	5,695,000	Consolidated city-county	1,526,006	370	4,129	5,799,000	5,429	1,068	MSA: 6,096,120; CSA: 7,381,187	—	—
Atlanta	United States	5,572,000	City	498,715	354	1,408	5,478,000	7,400	740	5,949,951	21,690	274
Fukuoka	Japan	5,551,000	Designated city	1,588,924	343	4,627	2,286,000	505	4,527	—	—	—
Khartoum	Sudan	5,534,000	—	1,410,858	—	—	7,869,000	1,031	7,632	—	—	—
Barcelona	Spain	5,494,000	Municipality	1,620,343	101	15,980	4,800,000	1,072	4,478	5,474,482	—	—
Johannesburg	South Africa	5,486,000	Metropolitan municipality	4,803,262	1,643	2,924	14,586,000	4,040	3,610	—	—	—
Saint Petersburg	Russia	5,383,000	Federal city	5,601,911	1,400	4,001	5,445,000	1,510	3,606	—	—	—
Qingdao	China	5,381,000	City (sub-provincial)	10,071,722	11,229	897	6,229,000	1,759	3,541	—	—	—
Dalian	China	5,300,000	City (sub-provincial)	7,450,785	13,742	542	4,135,000	1,044	3,961	—	—	—
Washington	United States	5,207,000	Federal district	702,455	177	3,969	7,631,000	5,501	1,387	6,263,245	17,009	368
Yangon	Myanmar	5,157,000	City	4,728,524	—	—	6,874,000	666	10,321	—	—	—
Alexandria	Egypt	5,086,000	Urban governorate	5,441,866	2,300	2,366	4,712,000	293	16,082	—	—	—
Jinan	China	5,052,000	City (sub-provincial)	9,202,432	10,244	898	4,017,000	932	4,310	—	—	—
Guadalajara	Mexico	5,023,000	Municipality	1,385,621	151	9,176	5,525,000	816	6,771	5,286,642	3,560	1,485

Gallery

• Tokyo, Japan: 39.1 million people (urban area)
• Jakarta, Indonesia: 34.5 million people (urban area)
• Delhi, India: 32.2 million people (urban area)
• Manila, Philippines: 28 million people (metropolitan area)
• Seoul, South Korea: 26 million people (metropolitan area)
• Shanghai, China: 24.8 million people (municipal area)
• São Paulo, Brazil: 22 million people (metropolitan area)
• Beijing, China: 21.9 million people (municipal area)
• Mexico City, Mexico: 21.8 million people (metropolitan area)
• Mumbai, India: 20.7 million people (metropolitan area)
• Cairo, Egypt: 20.3 million people (urban area)
• New York City, U.S.: 19.4 million people (urban area)
• Bangalore, India: 15 million people (metropolitan area)

See also

• Historical urban community sizes
• List of largest cities throughout history
• List of cities with over one million inhabitants
• List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants
• List of largest cities by area

Notes

1. For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
2. UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.
3. Figures taken from official census when possible
4. Figures taken from official census when possible
5. Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
6. Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
7. Includes Taicang
8. Includes Francisco Morato
9. Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
10. Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
11. Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
12. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
13. Includes the city of Foshan.
14. Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
15. Included in Guangzhou
16. Includes the city of Fushun.
17. Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
18. Includes Pretoria
19. Includes the city of Baltimore.

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