Misplaced Pages

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Lee Shuang-tze" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Li Shuang-tze (Chinese: 李雙澤; pinyin: Lǐ Shuāng-zé; July 14, 1949 – September 10, 1977) graduated from National Taiwan Normal University High School and Tamkang University. He was a painter, composer, and folk singer, and is respected as the catalyst of the campus folk song movement in Taiwan, together with Parangalan [zh] (胡德夫) and Yang Xian (楊弦).

Biography

Li Shuang-ze was a young composer and artist known as the "Chinese Bobby Dylan." His father was of Filipino-Chinese descent, and he came to Taiwan via Hong Kong with his mother when he was in elementary school. He enrolled in the mathematics department at Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences (now Tamkang University) in 1968 but eventually found his calling in the architecture  department and even considered abandoning his math studies and switching his major to architecture. Art critic Gu Xian-liang (顧獻樑) became head of the architecture department, which inspired Li to develop his skills in the arts. He took almost all of the art-related courses offered by the department, and was particularly inspired by the watercolor classes taught by Xi Dezhen. Although he was unable to switch departments due to a lack of credits in his undergraduate degree in mathematics, this experience laid the groundwork for his future work in art and literature.

In 1972, Li began working in Taipei to make a living and frequented the Embassy of Colombia's café, where young people like him, including Parangalan, Yang Xian, Han Zhenghao, Wu Chu-chu, and others, would gather. About the café, Li said, “I had never had the chance to enter such a glamorous place when I was abroad: it had mahogany carved tables and chairs, floor-to-ceiling windows with bright red carpets; elegant ladies and dapper gentlemen, jeweled and glamorous; the sizzling steaks, interlaced with the sound of forks and knives against plates, and Parangalan was behind the piano, which spun on a revolving base.”

It was a time of gradual international decline in Taiwan's international standing, since the Republic of China had just broken off diplomatic relations with Japan and withdrawn from the United Nations. Still, young people in Taiwan were mainly interested in Western music and had little interest in songs in their own language. Because of this, Li felt the urge to "sing own songs."

At the time, Parangalan was working as a singer in the restaurant to earn money to pay for his father's surgery.  Li asked him, "You're Puyuma, don't your people have their own songs? Sing one of your own songs!" Parangalan's mind went blank and he couldn't think of a song that was "his own" to sing. After a while, he remembered a song his father had sung to him as a child, "Beautiful Ears of Rice." He sang it and taught everybody to sing it with him. This experience was the inspiration for Li to later travel to different colleges and encourage people to "sing their own songs."

In 1973, Li and Parangalan arranged a folk song concert at the International House of Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences, and the following year, Li held his first solo exhibition at the United States Information Agency in Taiwan. He also worked in the publication department of Tamkang College as an editor for the campus magazine, The World of Tomorrow. In 1975, Li dropped out of the math department and traveled abroad to study painting. During his travels to Spain, the UK, France, Germany, and the United States, Li witnessed social inequality and racial discrimination, which he likened to "the dark shadows of a bright world." As a result of his travels, he began to write extensively about his observations and views.

Tamkang incident

On December 3, 1976, Tamkang College of Arts and Sciences held a "Western Folk Music Concert" on campus, hosted by Tao Xiaoqing. After the first singer, Huang Huaqin (黃華勤) finished performing, Li went on stage with a bottle of Coca-Cola in his hand and a guitar on his back. He sang four Taiwanese folk songs, Póo Phuà Bāng (補破網), Hîng-Tshun Tsi-ko (恆春之歌), "The Torment of a Flower" (雨夜花), and Bāng Chhun-hong (望春風). After the first verse of the fifth song, "Ode to Sun Yat-sen" (國父紀念歌), he stopped and asked why the audience wasn't singing along. Then, he sang Bob Dylan’s song "Blowin' in the Wind" and left the stage, asking "Why did you spend twenty dollars to come hear Chinese people sing Western songs?"

Tao Xiaoqing attempted to calm the setting by saying, "Thank you, Mr. Li, for giving us the first highlight of the concert so far. He also raised a very serious question that's important for us to consider, but this is not the appropriate time or place for such a discussion. When we leave here tonight, it wouldn't hurt to think hard about this question, write down your thoughts, and discuss them in the school newspaper. We came here tonight to hear a concert, though, so let's keep the mood light and continue with the performance." This ignited a debate over "modern Chinese folk songs," which was published in the next article of Tamkang Weekly. This event came to be known as the "Tamkang Incident."

Death and posthumous legacy

On September 10, 1977, Li Shuang-ze drowned at the age of 28 while saving a foreign tourist from drowning at Xinghuadian Beach in Danshui Township, Taipei County (now Danshui District, New Taipei City).

After the Tamkang Incident and before his death, Li composed prolifically in his own language to realize his goal of singing " own songs."  This led to the explosion of folk songs on campuses throughout Taiwan in the 1970s and 1980s.

In 1994, Paiwan poet Maljaljaves Mulaneng recalled that when he saw Li's swollen corpse in the morgue, he remembered the days when "I used to watch him paint, he would sing his folk songs, and I would Paiwan folk songs." “I was overcome with grief and I started to loudly sing an aboriginal mourning song for deceased spirits to his body. The administrator froze in shock when did this, but stopped me when I was about to sing a second song."

Works

Li Shuang-ze completed a total of nine pieces with his contemporaries, listed below:

Li Shuang-ze never released the song "The Beautiful Island" before his death, and it was only first performed at his memorial ceremony. The night before, Yang Zujun and Parangalan stayed up all night organizing his handwritten notes and recording the song. "The Beautiful Island" and "Young China" had both been submitted to the Government Information Office for approval but had been denied; "The Beautiful Island" was denied on the grounds that it was sung by members of the tangwai movement, and was declared to have pro-Taiwan Independence ideology; "Young China" was declared to be a pro-communist song because it was sung by those who favored unification with the CCP. For two of his songs to be used by both pro-unification and pro-independence activists was ironic for Li, who had no specific political stance of his own.

In 1978, Li's novella Post-war Compensation (終戰的賠償) won the Wu Zhuoliu Literature Prize. His collection of writings, Zai Jian, Shang Guo (再見，上國) was published by Chang Qiao Publishing. In 1979, tangwai activists wanted to establish their own political party and chose the name "The Beautiful Island" as the name of their official publication. On September 8, 1979, a gala for The Beautiful Island was interrupted by people from Ji Feng Magazine (疾風雜誌) and others who described themselves as "patriots". Amidst the pushing and shoving, Yang Zujun started singing Li Shuang-ze's apolitical, nonviolent song "The Beautiful Island". On December 10, 1979, the government began a crackdown on those present, an event which would later be known as the "Kaohsiung Incident" or the "Meilidao Incident."

In 1987, The Beautiful Island and Young China, a collection of writings on the tenth anniversary of Li Shuang-ze's death was published. On October 1, 2007, Tamkang University dedicated a memorial plaque to Li Shuang-ze, donated by his friend Jiang Xun, on the campus's Shepherd's Meadow. On October 4, 2007, Tamkang University organized "Sing Our Songs," a Li Shuangze memorial concert, sponsored by Wild Fire Music, hosted by Tao Xiaoqing, the host of the original concert. Parangalan and Yang Zujun collaborated once more to sing "The Beautiful Island" in Li's memory.

On June 27, 2009, the Li Shuang-ze memorial album, "Salute! Sing Our Own Songs" produced by Thirty-Seven Degrees Productions won the 20th Golden Melody Award in the pop music category.

References

1. "在綠島，思想起「臺灣的Bob Dylan」李雙澤--「陋室．(6231088)". catalog.digitalarchives.tw. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
2. "唱自己的歌 還原真實的李雙澤 – D2 溝通平台 – 20170915 – 旺報". 工商時報 (in Twi). Retrieved 2023-11-04.
3. "李雙澤". nrch.culture.tw (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via 台灣大百科全書.
4. 邱祖胤 (2015-09-10). "莫忘來時路／9月10日－溺斃的民歌手". 中國時報.
5. 精選書摘 (2018-03-31). "蔣勳：李雙澤對我來說是島嶼開始思考的起點". The News Lens 關鍵評論網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
6. ^ "「唱自己的歌」！英年早逝的李雙澤影響好幾代創作人！紀念專輯獲金曲獎首座「評審團獎」實至名歸". 放言Fount Media. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
7. "紀錄片重溫李雙澤民歌精神". tkutimes.tku.edu.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
8. "印刻舒讀網路書店 – 《印刻文學生活誌》2009‧三月號：李雙澤──橫流忍問安身處". www.inksudu.com.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
9. "訊息公告 – 淡江大學 秘書處". www.ac.tku.edu.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
10. 鄭淳予 (2015-04-04). "他30年前摔破可樂瓶，點燃民歌火". 中時新聞網.
11. "一瓶可樂、一首民謠 開啟台灣校園民歌--媒體報導--淡江大小事 淡江大小事". events.tku.edu.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
12. 陶曉清 (February 1977). "流水集—從"洋奴"說起". 音樂與音響 (45): 20–21.
13. ^ 姜振豐 (June 2008). "從校園民歌的興衰探討八○年代台灣的社會文化" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-22. Retrieved 2018-03-26. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
14. ^ "楊祖珺／李雙澤逝世40週年──〈再．見 美麗島〉 – 報導者 The Reporter". www.twreporter.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
15. "歌從哪裡來——台北紀念李雙澤--台灣頻道--人民網". tw.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
16. 翟啟豪 (2017-03-02). "台灣如何唱自己的歌？《四十年》導演侯季然：傳承那一種精神". 香港01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
17. "顧爾德專欄：42年前台灣人見證加泰隆尼亞苦難". Yahoo News (in Chinese). 2017-11-01. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
18. 莫那能 (2000-12-26). "被射倒的紅蕃". 祖靈之邦. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-07-11.此文由莫那能口述、盧思岳採訪整理，收錄於楊澤主編《七○年代懺情錄》（時報文化1994年12月出版，ISBN 9571314749）。
19. Storm.mg (2021-02-03). "他譜出黨外神曲《美麗島》，卻28歲英年早逝…揭台灣人不該遺忘的傳奇民歌作曲家-風傳媒". www.storm.mg (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
20. "美麗島的歲月：新總統的就職選曲，曾是不能在臺灣傳唱的禁歌". 故事 StoryStudio. 2016-05-17. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
21. "政治立場對立的〈美麗島〉與〈少年中國〉作者同一人？". www.cmmedia.com.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
22. "台灣作家作品目錄資料庫". db.nmtl.gov.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
23. "【美麗島40週年】我所親身經歷的美麗島事件：回憶黨外運動家蘇慶黎和蘇媽媽蕭不纏 – 報導者 The Reporter". www.twreporter.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
24. "財團法人淡水文化基金會". www.tamsui.org.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
25. "公告：「唱自己的歌」的精神永遠傳承下去 – 淡江大學 秘書處". www.ac.tku.edu.tw. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
26. Chen, Melody. "唱自己的歌 | JIBAO – 洞悉教材的趨勢". JIBAO (in Chinese). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
27. TTV. "第26屆金曲獎頒獎典禮 – 歷屆得獎名單". 金曲26 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
28. TVBS. "20屆金曲獎／〈快訊〉第20屆金曲獎 音樂得獎名單速報│TVBS新聞網". TVBS (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-10-18.

• 1949 births
• 1977 deaths
• Tamkang University alumni
• Male composers
• Taiwanese composers
• 20th-century composers
• 20th-century Taiwanese painters
• Male folk singers
• 20th-century folk singers
• 20th-century Taiwanese male singers
• Artists from Taipei
• Accidental deaths in Taiwan
• Deaths by drowning