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The legislative districts of Mountain Province are the representations of Mountain Province in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its lone congressional district.

The present-day provinces of Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao and Kalinga, as well as the highly urbanized city of Baguio, formed part of the old (pre-division) Mountain Province's representation until 1969. Since 1969, the representation of Mountain Province has been confined only to the limits of the former sub-province of Bontoc.

History

As the undivided Mountain Province (1908–1966)

Initially being excluded from representation in the lower house of the Philippine Legislature in 1907, the then non-Christian-majority areas of the Philippines — which included the undivided Mountain Province — were finally extended legislative representation with the passage of the Philippine Autonomy Act in 1916 by the United States Congress. The Revised Administrative Code (Act No. 2711) enacted on March 10, 1917, further elaborated on the manner by which these areas would be represented. The non-Christian areas were to be collectively represented in the upper house's 12th senatorial district by two senators, both appointed by the Governor-General. Three assembly members, also appointed by the Governor-General, were to represent the Mountain Province and the chartered city of Baguio in the lower house as a single at-large district. The appointment of these members of the Legislature did not require the consent of the upper house; the appointive legislators were also not necessarily required to be residents of the areas they represented. For example, Assemblyman Pedro Aunario, a resident of Manila, and Senator Lope K. Santos, a resident of Rizal, were among the representatives of the Mountain Province.

Despite several of the Mountain Province's municipalities and municipal districts being annexed to the neighboring provinces of Ilocos Sur (in 1920), La Union (in 1920) and Cagayan (in 1922 and 1928), voters in these areas were still represented by the three assembly members of the Mountain Province, and two senators of the twelfth senatorial district. Only starting in 1935 were these voters extended the right to participate in electing representatives of their respective new provinces, when Act No. 4203 assigned them to specific districts for the purposes of electing members of the unicameral National Assembly of the Philippines.

Act No. 4203 also abolished the senatorial district system and made the Mountain Province's representation to the National Assembly elective through popular vote; the law divided the province into three districts with definite territorial composition. The only sub-province which belonged to more than one district was Bontoc: the eastern portion consisting of the present-day municipalities of Barlig, Bontoc, Paracelis, Natonin, Sabangan, Sadanga and Sagada were represented as part of the undivided province's first district, while the western portion which formerly belonged to the now-defunct Lepanto sub-province (Bauko, Besao and Tadian) were represented as part of the third district.

During the Second World War, the Mountain Province sent two delegates to the National Assembly of the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic: one was the provincial governor (an ex officio member), while the other was elected through a provincial assembly of KALIBAPI members during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. Baguio, being a chartered city, was represented separately in this short-lived legislative body. Upon the restoration of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1945, district representation was restored to the pre-war setup: the sub-province of Bontoc remained split between the first and third districts, and the independent city of Baguio remained part of the second district.

As the reduced Mountain Province (1966–present)

The enactment of Republic Act No. 4695 on June 18, 1966, made the sub-province of Bontoc into a full-fledged province that retained the name "Mountain Province." Per Section 10 of R.A. 4695 the three incumbent representatives of pre-division Mountain Province continued to serve their respective districts until the end of the 6th Congress.

The new (post-division) Mountain Province began electing its lone representative in 1969. The province was represented as part of Region I from 1978 to 1984, and returned one representative, elected at-large, to the Regular Batasang Pambansa in 1984.

Under the new Constitution which was proclaimed on February 11, 1987, Mountain Province constituted a lone congressional district, and elected its member to the restored House of Representatives starting that same year.

Lone District

• Population (2015): 154,590

Notes

1. Died on February 8, 2008; seat remained vacant until the end of the 14th Congress.
2. Kalinga Representative Manuel Agyao was the designated Legislative Caretaker of the district.
3. Died on June 3, 2017; seat remained vacant until the end of the 17th Congress.
4. Kalinga Representative Allen Jesse Mangaoang was designated as Legislative Caretaker of the district on July 5, 2017.

1st District (defunct)

• Sub-province of Apayao: Calanasan (Bayag), Conner, Kabugao, Luna, Namaltugan (annexed to Calanasan 1936), Tauit (annexed to Luna 1936), Pudtol (established 1959), Flora (established 1963), Santa Marcela (established 1967)
• part of Sub-province of Bontoc: Barlig, Bontoc, Natonin, Sabangan, Sadanga, Sagada, Paracales (Paracelis) (established 1962)
• Sub-province of Kalinga: Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pinukpuk, Tabuk, Tanudan, Tinglayan (transferred from Bontoc sub-province 1922), Liwan (established 1965), Pasil (established 1966)

Notes

1. Unseated in January 1964 after losing electoral protest to Juan M. Duyan.
2. Replaced Alfredo G. Lamen after winning electoral protest; took oath of office on January 27, 1964 and served for the remainder of the 5th Congress. Was elected in 1965 to the 6th Congress, but halfway through his term vacated his seat after being elected governor of Kalinga-Apayao on November 14, 1967; seat remained vacant until the end of the 6th Congress.

2nd District (defunct)

• City: Baguio
• Sub-province of Benguet: Ampusungan (annexed to Bakun 1936), Atok, Bakun, Bokod, Buguias, Itogon, Kabayan, Kapangan, Kibungan, La Trinidad, Mankayan, Sablan, Tuba, Tublay

Notes

1. Independent from the province and does not vote for provincial officials since 1909 by virtue of Act No. 1964. Only voted as part of Mountain Province for congressional representation.
2. Unseated after losing electoral protest to Ramon P. Mitra.
3. Replaced Dennis Molintas after winning electoral protest on October 12, 1951; took oath of office on January 28, 1952 and served for the remainder of the 2nd Congress.

3rd District (defunct)

• Sub-province of Ifugao: Banaue, Lagawe (Burnay), Hungduan, Kiangan, Mayoyao, Potia (established as municipal district 1955), Lamut (established as municipal district 1959)
• part of Sub-province of Bontoc (annexed from Lepanto 1920): Banaao (annexed to Kayan 1935), Bauko, Besao, Tadian (Kayan)

Notes

1. Took oath of office on June 11, 1945.

At-Large (defunct)

1917–1935

• includes the independent city of Baguio, and the sub-provinces of Amburayan (abolished 1920), Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga and Lepanto (abolished 1920)
• also includes municipalities and municipal districts that had been transferred to other provinces:
  • Cagayan: Allacapan (1928), Langangan (1922)
  • Ilocos Sur: Alilem (1920), Angaki (1920), Cervantes (1920), Concepcion (1920), San Emilio (1920), Sigay (1920), Sugpon (1920), Suyo (1920), Tagudin (1920)
  • La Union: Bagulin (1920), Disdis (1920), Pugo (1920), Santol (1920), San Gabriel (1920), Sudipen (1920)

Notes

1. Independent from the province and does not vote for provincial officials since 1909 by virtue of Act No. 1964. Only voted as part of Mountain Province for congressional representation.
2. Representatives only assumed office in 1917 after appointment by the Governor-General, pursuant to the provisions of Act No. 2711.
3. Removed from office by Governor-General on October 6, 1925 after being convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for assaulting an American.
4. Appointed by the Governor-General in October 1925 to fill the vacated seat of Miguel Cornejo.

1943–1944

• includes the sub-provinces of Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Ifugao and Kalinga; excludes the independent city of Baguio

1984–1986

See also

• Legislative district of Benguet
  • Legislative district of Baguio
• Legislative district of Ifugao
• Legislative district of Kalinga-Apayao
  • Legislative district of Apayao
  • Legislative district of Kalinga

References

1. ^ Philippine Legislature (1917). Revised Administrative Code of the Philippine Islands of 1917 (Act No. 2711) (Digitized Revised Administrative Code of the Philippine Islands of 1917 from the Presidential Museum and Library Collection, uploaded on February 15, 2016). Bureau of Printing. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
2. Cain, Andrew W. (1917). Philippine Government. Philippine Education Company, Inc. p. 57.
3. Cain, Andrew W. (1917). Philippine Government. Philippine Education Company, Inc. p. 157.
4. ^ Philippine Legislature (1937). "Public Laws Enacted by the Philippine Legislature, Acts No. 4203 to 4275". Public Resolutions, Etc. Laws, etc. Bureau of Printing Office: 5.
5. ^ Congress of the Philippines (June 18, 1966). "Republic Act No. 4695 - An Act Creating the Provinces of Benguet, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
6. 1986 Constitutional Commission (February 2, 1987). "1987 Constitution of the Philippines - Apportionment Ordinance". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved November 19, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
7. "Population of Population of Legislative Districts by Region, Province, and Selected Highly Urbanized/Component City: 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
8. ^ Congressional Library Bureau. "Roster of Philippine Legislators". Republic of the Philippines, House of Representatives. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
9. Palangchao, Harley F. (June 11, 2017). "MP awaits move to fill up vacuum in Congress post". Baguio Midland Courier. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
10. Cabreza, Vincent (3 June 2017). "Mt. Province lawmaker dies of kidney failure". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
11. Agliwang Jr., Erlindo (July 13, 2017). "Kalinga lawmaker appointed as Mountain Province caretaker". SunStar Philippines. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
12. Congress of the Philippines (May 11, 1955). "Republic Act No. 1222 - An Act Creating the Municipal District of Potia in the Mountain Province". The Corpus Juris. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
13. "News of the World". Philippine Education Magazine. Vol. 22. Manila: Philippine Education Co. 1925. p. 321.
14. ^ Official program of the inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines and the induction into office of His Excellency Jose P. Laurel. Bureau of Printing. 1943.

• Legislative districts of the Philippines
• Politics of Mountain Province