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During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against the Mandatory Palestine, the militant Zionist group Irgun carried out 60 attacks against Palestinian people and the British Army. Irgun was described as a terrorist organization by The New York Times, the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry, prominent world figures such as Winston Churchill and Jewish figures such as Hannah Arendt, Albert Einstein, and many others. The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs describes it as "an underground organization." The New York Times at the time cited sources in an investigative piece which linked the Haganah paramilitary group to Irgun attacks such as the King David Hotel bombing.

Irgun launched a series of attacks which lasted until the founding of Israel. All told, Irgun attacks against Arab targets resulted in at least 250 Arab deaths during this period. The following is a list of attacks resulting in death attributed to Irgun that took place during the 1930s and 1940s. Irgun conducted at least 60 operations altogether during this period.

During British Mandated Palestine (1937–1939)

During the Jewish insurgency (1944–1947)

During the Civil War (1947–48)

See also

• List of Irgun members
• List of killings and massacres in Mandatory Palestine
• List of massacres in Jerusalem

References

1. Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg, Jewish Self Defense and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions. "Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions", Vol. 4, No. 3, 100, (2003); Online version.
2. Pope Brewer, Sam. IRGUN BOMB KILLS 11 ARABS, 2 BRITONS. The New York Times. December 30, 1947.
3. IRGUN'S HAND SEEN IN ALPS RAIL BLAST. The New York Times. August 16, 1947.
4. Walid Khalidi, From Haven to Conquest, p. 598; updated 1987 to From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948, Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 978-0-88728-155-6.
5. Martin Gilbert. Churchill and the Jews. p. 270.
6. Adam Shatz. Prophets Outcast. pp. 65–67.
7. "Lexicon of Zionism". Archived from the original on 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
8. Irgun implicates Haganah in blast By Gene Currivans, The New York Times. July 27, 1947, Sunday Page 11, 628 words, http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00715F7355A147B93C5AB178CD85F438485F9&scp=4&sq=irgun+terrorist&st=p
9. Perliger and Weinberg, 101.
10. Prof. Yehuda Lapidot, The Irgun website Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, links to sections on history of Irgun.
11. J. Bowyer Bell, Terror out of Zion: the fight for Israeli independence (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977). pp. 181
12. Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Religious fundamentalism and political extremism, Routledge, p. 101, 2004.
13. J. Bowyer Bell, Moshe Arens, Terror out of Zion,p. 39, 1996 edition
14. ^ (in Hebrew)Y. 'Amrami, A. Melitz, דברי הימים למלחמת השחרור ("History of the War of Independence", Shelach Press, 1951. (a sympathetic account of events, mostly related to Irgun and Lehi).
15. Tom Segev, Haim Watzman. The Seventh Million. p. 39. Citing Arnold Zweig's letters to Sigmund Freud
16. "Haifa Bombs Fell Scores". New York Times. New York. 1939-06-19. Retrieved 2015-09-09.
17. "Bomb Blast Kills 18 Arabs at Haifa". New York Times. New York. 1939-06-20. Retrieved 2015-09-09.
18. "18 Arabs Die In Bomb Blast". The Vancouver Sun. June 19, 1939. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
19. Irgun site Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine Restraint and Retaliation section.
20. "23 Die as Violence Grips Palestine". New York Times. New York. 1938-07-07. Retrieved 2015-09-09.
21. "Arabs Clash with British on Trans-Jordan Border: Palestine Violence Grows". New York Times. New York. 1938-07-08. Retrieved 2015-09-09.
22. Palestine Post, July 26–27, 1938
23. Y. Ben-Ami, Years of Wrath, Days of Glory; Memoirs of the Irgun, Speller and Sons, New York 1982; p. 229. Casualty figures from Palestine Post Feb 28, 1939.
24. Palestine Post, May 30, 1939
25. The Irgun web site Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, "The Split within the Irgun" section
26. Palestine Post, June 20–22, 1939
27. Palestine Post, June 30, 1939
28. Palestine Post, July 5, 1939
29. ^ Martin Gilbert. Churchill and the Jews. p. 221.
30. Horne, Edward (1982). A Job Well Done (Being a History of The Palestine Police Force 1920 - 1948). The Anchor Press. ISBN 978-0-9508367-0-6. Page 289.
31. The Irgun web site Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, "The United Resistance" section.
32. Horne. Page 294
33. Horne. Page 296
34. Thurston Clarke, By Blood and Fire, G. P. Puttnam's Sons, New York, 1981
35. Martin Gilbert. Churchill and the Jews. p. 253.
36. Horne, page 300: Counts 16 British subjects, 3 policemen (2 Britons and one Arab), one Arab soldier, no British soldiers, and a third of those killed were Jews.
37. The Irgun web site Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, "The Raid on the Jerusalem Railway Station" section.
38. "Jewish Terrorists Admit Bombing Embassy in Rome". St Petersburg Times. 1946-11-05. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
39. "Six Killed In New Trouble In Palestine". Virginia Chronicle. 1946-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-14. Attackers described by police as Jewish extremists today ambushed a police dawn patrol, which daily combs railway lines for bombs, blasting its ramshackled hand-propelled trolly and killing all six officers aboard. The "suicide patrol," which was instituted two weeks ago when Irgun Zvai Leumi said it was launching an anti-railway drive was ambushed at Beit Safafa on the outskirts of Jerusalem. The patrol had been appearing daily at the same spot, a few minutes after starting its track inspection tour of the Jerusalem yards. Killed were two British constables, one arab sergeant and three arab police officers. Another train attack near Jaffa left a fireman and an Arab police guard wounded and stranded the day's first passenger train. In both attacks police said explosives buried between crossties were electrically detonated. The Palestine Railway Administration announced suspension of all passenger train service on the Jerusalem-Lydda and the Lydda-Jaffa line until further notice. A statement signed "Irgun Zvai Leumi," which said that Jewish underground organization took full responsibility for recent attacks on railways, were pasted on numerous walls in Jerusalem last night. Railway schedules have been restricted to daytime runs only since attackers against trains reached their height. Today's attackers raised to 14 the number of blasts at railways in the past month. Damage to tracks today at both places was negligible and traffic was scheduled to be resumed during the day. Police sources expressed apprehension about reaction to today's attacks, commenting that it was "Jewish terrorism but it left four Arabs dead and one wounded and both attacks occurred in Arab territory."
40. ^ The Irgun web site Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, "Raid on the Jerusalem Officers Club" section.
41. Haganah Foils Irgun Plot to Bomb British Army Center in Tel Aviv. NY Times. June 19, 1947. Retrieved September 9, 2015
42. Haganah Foils Irgun Attempt to Blow Up British Headquarters in Tel Aviv; One Killed, June 19, 1947, JTA
43. Currivan, Gene (20 July 1947). "BRITISH CONSTABLE SHOT DEAD IN HAIFA; 5 Soldiers, 7 Jews Are Hit in Wide Terrorist Blows Protesting Ship Seizure". New York Times. Jerusalem. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
44. The Irgun web site Archived 2023-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, "The Gallows" section.
45. ^ Irgun Boasts of Alps Blast NY Times, August 19, 1947
46. Two Bombs Explode in a Vienna Hotel NY Times, August 5, 1947
47. 35 Zionist Leaders Detained as Bomb Kills 3 Constables NY Times, August 6, 1947
48. Terrorists Wreck Haifa Troop Train NY Times, August 10, 1947
49. 175 Britons Escape in Rail Blast Near Tunnel in the Austrian Alps NY Times, August 14, 1947
50. Irgun's Hand Seen in Alps Rail Blast NY Times, August 16, 1947
51. ^ Donald Neff, Hamas: A Pale Image of the Jewish Irgun And Lehi Gangs, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May/June 2006, p. 14-15.
52. Terrorists Strike in Palestine Again NY Times, September 30, 1947
53. Blast Set by Irgun to Speed Army Exit NY Times, September 30, 1947
54. Palestine Post, Dec 14; Milstein, Vol 11, p91
55. Uri Milstein, History of Israel's War of Independence, Vol II. p51
56. ^ Palestine Post, Dec 14
57. ^ Irgun Attacks in Palestine; 21 Arabs, 3 Jews Are Slain NY Times, December 14, 1947
58. Haganah kills 10 in raid on Arabs NY Times, December 20, 1947
59. Milstein, Vol II, p81.
60. Milstein, Vol II, p214.
61. Pope Brewer, Sam. IRGUN BOMB KILLS 11 ARABS, 2 BRITONS. The New York Times. December 30, 1947.
62. Milstein, Vol II, p91.
63. Palestine Post, Jan 2, 1948
64. The Scotsman newspaper, Jan 6, 1948
65. Palestine Post, Jan 9-10, 1948
66. Milstein, Vol II, p53
67. Palestine Post, Feb 13, 1948
68. Encyclopedia of the Palestine Problem Archived 2010-06-20 at the Wayback Machine
69. Bard, Mitchell G. (2005). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Middle East Conflict. Alpha. ISBN 1-59257-410-6.
70. Kana'ana, Sharif and Zeitawi, Nihad (1987), "The Village of Deir Yassin", Bir Zeit, Bir Zeit University Press
71. Morris, Benny (2003). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81120-1. (pbk.).: Chapter 4: The second wave: the mass exodus, April—June 1948, Section: Operation Nahshon, page 238
72. Milstein, Uri (1998) . Alan Sacks (ed.). History of the War of Independence IV: Out of Crisis Came Decision (in Hebrew and English). Translated by Alan Sacks. Lanhan, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. ISBN 0-7618-1489-2.: Chapter 16: Deir Yassin, Section 12: The Massacre, page 376-381
73. Morris, Benny (2005). "The Historiography of Deir Yassin". Journal of Israeli History. 24 (1): 79–107. doi:10.1080/13531040500040305. S2CID 159894369.: page 100-101
74. britannica.com
75. The Scotsman: 17th, 18th April. Yaakov Meridor was reported to have been in command of the Irgun attackers. Those dead included Lieut-Colonel G.L. Hildebrand, Royal Artillery
76. Bell, Bowyer J.: Terror out of Zion (1976)

External links

• Palestine Post Archive
• Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg, Jewish Self Defense and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions. Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2003) 91-118. Online version

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• Irgun attacks
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• Zionist political violence
• Terrorism in Mandatory Palestine
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