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1980's Mercedes Benz Box truck with 352 Diesel in line
The first Mercedes-Benz truck range, presented at the 1926 Berlin Motor Show (October) and at the 1927 International Motor Show for Trucks and Special Vehicles in Cologne (May) included three basic models with the payloads of 1.5, 2.5 and 5 tons. Each model was available with a standard and a low-frame chassis. Low chassis made sense especially that time to make easier loading and unloading of the vehicle. Also the low chassis has been used to build the buses. The models with the standard chassis were L1, L2 and L5 (L stood for Lastwagen, German word for a truck, and the digit stood for the rated payload in tons). The models with the low chassis were N1, N2 and NJ5/N5 (N stood for Niederwagen, meaning low car). The trucks were equipped with the four-cylinder petrol engines (M14, M2 and M5), developing 45HP, 55HP and 70 HP. Mercedes-Benz L1 and L2 were the new models, but Mercedes-Benz L5 truck was basically a continuation of famous Benz 5CN truck, which was developed before the merge of Benz & Cie and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft companies.
In 1927 Mercedes-Benz presented its first diesel engine (OM5), which immediately became a sensation. It was the world's first six-cylinder diesel engine, installed on the commercial vehicle. Also from 1927 Mercedes-Benz offered the more powerful six-cylinder petrol engines (M16, M26 and M36) developing 50HP, 70HP and 100 HP. Four-cylinder engines were discontinued only one year later. Therefore, in 1927–1928 most of the trucks from the series L1, L2, L5 were available with four- or six-cylinder engines. To distinguish that, six-cylinder versions of the trucks were referred sometimes as, for example, L1/6 or N2/6.
In 1927–1928 Mercedes-Benz also expanded the range of the truck models, adding the small model L3/4 with the payload of 750 kg (3/4 ton), which was developed from the passenger car Typ 200 Nürnberg, and a heavy three axis model N56 with a payload of 7–9 tons. The payloads of L1 and L2 models was increased with the new 6 cylinder engines from 1.5 to 1.75 tons (model L1/N1) and from 2.5 to 3.0–4.0 tons (model L2/N2). To fill the newly formed gap between L1 and L2 models, Mercedes-Benz offered new 2.5 tons model L45/N46 and (a bit later) 2.75/3.0 tons model L57/N58.
Resulting diversity of the trucks made an impressive lineup of Mercedes-Benz commercial vehicles, but also required a new, better system for their designations. In fact, by the year of 1930, only the model L5 still referred to its payload (5 tons). L1 model's payload has been gradually increased up to 2 tons, L2 model's payload – up to 4 tons, and L45/N46 and L57/N58 model names were not saying about their payload at all from the beginning, but were rather the company's internal model designations. So in October 1930 a new system for the commercial vehicle designation has been introduced. Basically, instead of the one digit, standing for the rated payload in tons, a four digits number, standing for the rated payload in kg, has now been used. This number followed the same letter L for the trucks (as before), or the letters Lo (LO) for the low chassis, or the letter O for the buses (O stood for the German word Omnibus, what is translated as a bus). According to that, the model L1 was renamed to L2000, model L45 was renamed to L2500, model L57 was renamed to L3000, model L2 was renamed to L4000, model L5 was renamed to L5000 and the model N56 was renamed to L8500. This nomenclature has been used for more than 20 years, until 1954.
L1, L2, and L5 (1926–1932)
1st generation, with the 4 cylinder engines (1926–1929)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1926–1928
Typ 31
Typ 41
L1 (Lastwagen 1½ Tonnen)
N1 (Niederwagen 1½ Tonnen)
M 14
4
3680
45 HP
2.0 t
1.5 t
1926–1927
Typ 33
Typ 43
L2 (Lastwagen 2½ Tonnen)
N2 (Niederwagen 2½ Tonnen)
M 2
4
5750
55 HP
3.6–3.9 t
2.5 t
1926–1929
Typ 34
L5 (Lastwagen 5 Tonnen)
NJ5 (Niederwagen 5 Tonnen)
M 5
4
8140
70 HP
5.4 t
5 t
2nd generation, with the 6 cylinder engines (1927–1931)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1927–1930
Typ 32
Typ 42
L1 (Lastwagen 1½ Tonnen)
N1 (Niederwagen 1½ Tonnen)
M 16
6
3920
50 HP
2.2–2.3 t
1.5–1.75 t
1928–1930
Typ 45
Typ 46
L45 (Lastwagen 2½ Tonnen)
N46 (Niederwagen 2½ Tonnen)
M 16
6
3920
55 HP
2.7 t
2.5 t
1927–1929
Typ 33
Typ 43
L2 (Lastwagen 3½ Tonnen)
N2 (Niederwagen 3 Tonnen)
M 26
6
7070
70 HP
4.0 t
3.0–4.0 t
1928–1931
Typ 36
L5 (Lastwagen 5 Tonnen)
N5 (Niederwagen 5 Tonnen)
M 36
M 26
OM 5
6
6
6
7790
7070
8570
100 HP
70 HP
70 HP
5.9 t
5 t
1928–1930
Typ 39
N56 (Niederwagen 7 Tonnen)
M 36
OM 5
6
6
7790
8570
100 HP, 70 PS
7.0 t
7.2 t
7.0 t
Typ 39
N56 (Niederwagen 8½ Tonnen)
M 36
OM 5
6
6
7790
8570
100 HP, 70 PS
7.0 t
7.2 t
8.5 t
3rd generation (1930–1932)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1930–1932
Typ L 32
L 2000
M 32
6
3920
55 HP
2.4 t
2.0 t
Typ L 45
Typ N 46
Typ N 55
L 2500 (1930–1931)
Lo 2500 (1930–1931)
Lo 2500 (1931–1932)
M 16
6
3920
60 HP
2.7 t
2.5 t
Typ L 57
Typ N 58
L 2750, L 3000, LZ 7000
Lo 3000
M 56
6
4160
70 HP
3.0 t
2.75 t
3.0 t
7.0 t
3.0 t
Typ 53
Typ 50
L 4000 (L2)
O 4000 (L2)
M 36
6
7790
100 HP
4.1 t
3.5–4.0 t
Typ L 35
L 5000
M 36
OM 5S
6
6
7790
8570
110 HP
85 HP
5.9 t
6.1 t
5 t
1930–1933
L 8500 (6×4)
M 36
OM 5S
6
6
7790
8570
110 HP
85 HP
7.5 t
7.7 t
8.5–9 t
L3/4 and L1000 Express (1927–1936)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1927–1928
1928–1929
1929–1930
W02
W11
W11
L 3/4
L 3/4
L 750
M 02
M 11
M 11
6
6
6
1988
2581
2581
38 HP
50 HP
50 HP
0.75 t
0.75 t
0.75 t
1929–1936
Typ 37
L 1000
M 11
6
2581
50 HP
1.0 t
Light trucks (1932–1941)
1st generation (1932–1935)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1932–1935
Typ L 60
Lo 2000
Lo 2500
M 60
OM 59
4
4
3770
3770
55 HP
55 HP
2.4 t
2.6 t
2.6 t
2.7 t
2.0 t
2.5 t
Typ L 59
Lo 2750
Lo 3000
M 66
OM 65
4
4
4940
4940
65 HP
65 HP
3.0 t
3.2 t
2.75 t
3.0 t
Typ L 64
Lo 3500
M 68
OM 67
6
6
7440
7440
95 HP
95 HP
3.7 t
3.9 t
3.5 t
3.75 t
2nd generation (1935–1937)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1935–1937
Typ L 60
Lo 2000
Lo 2500
M 60
OM 59
4
4
3770
3770
55 HP
55 HP
2.4 t
2.6 t
2.6 t
2.7 t
2.0 t
2.5 t
Typ L 59
Lo 2750
Lo 3000
Lo 3100
Lo 3200
M 66/3
OM 65/3
4
4
4940
4940
70 HP
70 HP
3.0 t
3.2 t
2.75 t
3.0 t
Typ L 64
Lo 3750
M 68
OM 67/3
6
6
7440
7270
95 HP
100 HP
4.0 t
4.2 t
3.75 t
3rd generation (1937–1941)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1937–1940
Typ L 60
L 2000
L 2500
M60/1
OM 59/1
4
4
4560
4560
60 HP
60 HP
2.5 t
2.7 t
2.5 t
2.7 t
2.0 t
2.5 t
Typ L 59
L 2750
L 3000
M 66/3
OM 65/3
4
4
4940
4940
70 HP
70 HP
2.8 t
3.0 t
3.0 t
1937–1941
Typ L 64
L 3750
L 4000
M 68
OM 67/3
6
6
7440
7270
95 HP
100 HP
4.0 t
4.2 t
3.75 t
Semitrailer tractors (1932–1938)
Mercedes-Benz semitrailer tractor family was developed from Mercedes-Benz Lo2000-Lo3750 trucks.
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1934–1937
Typ L 60
LZ 4000
M 60
OM 59
4
4
3770
3770
55 HP
55 HP
2.4 t
2.6 t
4 t
1932–1938
Typ L 59
LZ 6000
M 66
OM 65
4
4
4940
4940
65 HP
65 HP
2.8 t
3.0 t
6 t
1932–1935
1935–1938
Typ L 64
LZ 8000
LZ10000
OM 67
OM 67/3
6
6
7440
7413
95 HP
100 HP
3.4 t
3.8 t
8 t
10 t
L5000 (1932–1936)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1932–1934
Typ L 35
L 5000
M 76
OM 77
6
6
9450
9450
110 HP
110 HP
5.8 t
5 t
1934–1936
Typ L 35
L 5000
M 78
OM 79
6
6
10280
10280
120 HP
120 HP
5.9 t
5 t
Heavy-duty trucks (1934–1939)
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
Truck weight
Payload
1935–1938
1935–1939
1938–1940
Typ L 54
L 6500 (4×2)
OM 79
OM 54
OM 57
6
6
6
10280
12520
11200
120 HP
150 HP
150 HP
6.5 t
6.9 t
7.0 t
6.5 t
1932–1934
Typ N 56
L 8500 (6×4)
M 78
OM 79
6
6
10280
10280
120 HP
120 HP
7.5 t
7.7 t
8.5 t
1934–1936
Typ N 56
L 8500 (6×4)
OM 54
6
12520
150 HP
8.0 t
8.5 t
1935–1938
1938–1939
Typ N 56
L 10000 (6×4)
OM 54
OM 57
6
6
12520
11200
150 HP
150 HP
8.5 t
8.6 t
10 t
LG and LR (1934–1944)
LG means Lastwagen Gelandewagen (off-road truck). LR means Lastwagen Raupenfahrzeug (caterpillar truck).
Mercedes-Benz LG65/2 and LG65/4 were experimental models.
The immediate post-war era was marked by rebuilding the trucking industry. In the mid-fifties, however, Germany's first federal transport minister Hans-Christoph Seebohm enacted a number of laws promoting the Bundesbahn at the expense of the trucking industry. Severe weight and dimension restrictions were particularly harmful to export-dependent Mercedes-Benz, as they had to develop duplicate truck lineups – one for export, and one for the restricted German market. These restrictions were eased beginning in 1960, leaving Mercedes-Benz free to focus their efforts on a unified lineup once again.
The nomenclature: In 1954 the old four-digit model series designation (indicated the payload in kilograms), was replaced by a three-digit model series designation, which basically corresponded to Mercedes-Benz internal model designations (in-house design codes). This nomenclature have been used for almost 10 years, from 1954 till 1963.
A cab-over-engine versions of most of the trucks were also available from 1954. For example, LP4500 (1954) and LP315 (1955). However, there was only a single model which existed only as a cab-over-engine version, "the Millipede" (LP 333).
Cab-over-engine versions (LP) of most of the trucks were also available; the cabins were built by Wackenhut until the introduction of the "cubic" cab LP-series.
The nomenclature: In 1963 for simplification a new index system was introduced: a four-digit model series designation, where the first one or two first digits indicate the rounded GVW in tones, and the last two figures – the engine power to tens of horsepower. This index system is in use until now.
3rd generation (OM352 and OM 360 engines), 1967–1988
LP versions – see below.
Years
Internal designations (BM)
Sales designations
Engine
Number of cylinders
Displacement (mL)
Horsepower
GVW
Payload
1968–1988
353
L 911 B
OM 352
6
5675
110 HP
9 t
5 t
358
L 1113 B
OM 352
6
5675
130 HP
11 t
7 t
1967–1984
1969–1977
352
L 1313
L 1813 (6×4)
OM 352
6
5675
130 HP
13 t
18 t
8.5 t
?
1971–1976
360
L 1513
L 1517
L 1519
L 1817 (6×4)
L 1819 (6×4)
OM 352
OM 360
OM 360
OM 360
OM 360
6
6
6
6
6
5675
8720
8720
8720
8720
130 HP
170 HP
192 HP
170 HP
170 HP
14.8 t
14.8 t
14.8 t
18 t
18 t
9.5 t
9.5 t
9.5 t
?
?
Kurzhauber with longer hood (1959–1988)
The cab-over-engine versions (LP) of most of the trucks were also available.
Mercedes-Benz MB800 (Built by Mercedes-Benz Türk since 1996, this five-ton cab-over truck uses an Indonesian cabin, a Brazilian engine, and a Spanish transmission)
Mercedes-Benz internal model designations (in-house design codes) were always more or less just consecutively allocated design codes devoid of any deeper meaning. For the passenger cars they are so-called W-numbers, from German word Wagen (=car). For example, W202 is C-class, W220 is S-class etc. This system started in 1926 and the numbers are consecutive continued till now. From the 1970s letter W is used for saloons, while the other letters have been add for the different body types (f.e. W212 is E-class saloon, V212 is E-class limousine, S212 is E-class estate etc.). For the commercial vehicles for early decades letter L was used instead of letter W (German word Lastwagen means a truck). From the 1950s letter L was omitted, resulting in just 3 numbers code. Sometimes word Baumuster (model) or Baureihe (model line) was used, like Baumuster 352 (or in short BM352) or Baureihe 352 (in short BR.352). So, basically, with or without a letter(s) in front, there is unique 3-number code, which determine every Mercedes-Benz car. As for the trucks, 300-i.e. numbers were used till the 1980s to code Mercedes commercial vehicles, 600-i.e. numbers were used in the 1980s and 1990s, and 900-i.e. numbers have been used from the introduction of Sprinter (1995) and Actros (1996).
In 2011 the internal model designations system was a little bit reorganized:
Division.
9: Commercial vehicle
Generation
6: Actros/Antos/Arocs/Atego
56: Econic
11: Accelo
Project
3: Actros/Antos On-road
4: Arocs Off-road
7: Atego
Kind of vehicle
0: Rigid
2: Dumper
3: Concrete mixer
Tractor
Axle configuration/tonnage/rear suspension
For example: 963403 means Commercial Actros/Antos concrete mixer On-road vehicle, 4×2 18t
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