Misplaced Pages

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Locomotives of India" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Indian Railways operates India's railway system and comes under the purview of the Ministry of Railways of Government of India. As of 2023, it maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 13,000 trains daily with a fleet of 14,800 locomotives. The railways primarily operates a fleet of electric and diesel locomotives along with a few compressed natural gas (CNG) locomotives. Steam locomotives are operated on mountain railways and on heritage trains.

History

The history of the Indian Railway began in 1832 with the proposal to construct the first railway line in India at Madras. In 1837, the first train ran on Red Hill railway line between Red Hills and Chintadripet in Madras and was hauled by a rotary steam engine imported from England. In 1852, a steam locomotive imported from England was tried at Byculla. In 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bombay and Thane which had 14-carriages hauled by three steam locomotives: the Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. In 1877, an Ajmer built F-1/734 Steam Locomotive became the first indigenously built locomotive in India. In 1925, the first electric train ran between Bombay and Kurla, hauled by a Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) electric locomotive on 1500 V DC traction. The first diesel locomotive used in India was fabricated by North British Locomotive Company in 1954.

Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, commissioned in 1950, was the first locomotive manufacturing unit in India. Banaras Locomotive Works, commissioned in 1961, is the second locomotive manufacturing unit operated by Indian Railways. In the 1960s, Integral Coach Factory-Chennai (ICF) started developing self-propelled Electric multiple units for short-haul and local routes. BHEL and Patiala Locomotive Works, established in 1981, also manufacture locomotives in India. In 2015, the first compressed natural gas (CNG) powered trains were rolled out by ICF. In 2018, a semi-high speed self-propelled train-set capable of reaching speeds of over 160 km/h (99 mph) was rolled out from ICF. As of 2023, Indian Railways maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 13,000 trains daily with a fleet of over 14,800 locomotives. 37% of the trains are operated by diesel locomotives and rest mostly by electric locomotives. As of December 2023, Indian Railways had 10,238 electric and 4,543 diesel locomotives amongst others.

Classification

Locomotives are classified by track gauge, motive power, function, power rating and model in a four- or five-letter code. The locomotives may be Longer Hood Front (LHF), where the driver cabin is behind the hood of the engine or Short Hood Front (SHF), where the cabin is located towards the front.

Electric

In 1925, the first electric train ran between Bombay and Kurla, hauled by a imported SLM locomotive on a DC traction. In 1927, the first electric locomotive hauled passenger train was pulled by an imported WCP-1. In 1957, Indian Railways adopted 25 kV 50 Hz AC traction with the first runs beginning in December 1959 with the WAM-1 locomotives.

Broad-gauge

Broad-gauge Electric Locomotives

Traction	Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
WCP series
DC	Passenger	WCP-1		SLM	2-Bo-A1	22	1928-30	2160	Retired
		WCP-2		SLM	2-Bo-A1	1	1938	2160	Retired
		WCP-3		Hawthorn Leslie	2-Co-2	1	1928	2250	Retired
		WCP-4		Hawthorn Leslie, BBC	2-Co-2	1	1928	2390	Retired
WCM series
DC	Mixed	WCM-1		English Electric	Co-Co	7	1954-55	3170	Retired
		WCM-2		English Electric	Co-Co	12	1956-57	2810	Retired
		WCM-3		Hitachi	Co-Co	3	1958	2460	Retired
		WCM-4		Hitachi	Co-Co	7	1960	3290	Retired
		WCM-5		CLW	Co-Co	21	1961-63	3700	Retired
		WCM-6		CLW	Co-Co	2	1995	5000	Retired
WCG series
DC	Goods	WCG-1		SLM	C-C	41	1925-29	2400	Retired
		WCG-2		CLW	Co-Co	57	1970-76	1640	Retired
WAM series
AC	Mixed	WAM-1		50 cycles group	B-B	100	1959-60	2870	Retired
		WAM-2		Mitsubishi	Bo-Bo	36	1960-64	2790	Retired
		WAM-3		Mitsubishi	Bo-Bo	2	1964	2790	Retired
		WAM-4		CLW	Co-Co	500	1970-83	3640	Retired
WAP series
AC	Passenger	WAP-1		CLW	Co-Co	65	1980-96	3760	In service
		WAP-3		CLW	Co-Co	9	1987-88	3760	Retired
		WAP-4		CLW	Co-Co	778	1994-2015	5000	In service
		WAP-5		ABB, CLW	Bo-Bo	239	1995-	6000	In service
		WAP-6		CLW	Co-Co	17	1995-98	5000	Retired
		WAP-7		CLW, BLW,PLW	Co-Co	1503	2000-	6350	In service
WAG series
AC	Goods	WAG-1		SNCF, CLW	B-B	112	1963-66	2900	Retired
		WAG-2		Hitachi,Mitsubishi	B-B	45	1964-65	3180	Retired
		WAG-3		Henschel, CLW	B-B	10	1965	3150	Retired
		WAG-4		CLW	B-B	186	1966-69	3150	Retired
		WAG-5		CLW,BHEL	Co-Co	1196	1984-98	3900	In service
		WAG-6A		ASEA	Bo-Bo-Bo	6	1987-89	6000	Retired
		WAG-6B/C		Hitachi	Bo-Bo-Bo	12	1988	6110	Retired
		WAG-7		CLW	Co-Co	1994	1992-2015	5000	In service
		WAG-8		BHEL	Co-Co	1	1990	5000	Retired
		WAG-9		ABB, CLW	Co-Co	84	1996-present	6000	In service
		WAG-9H		CLW, BHEL, BLW, PLW	Co-Co	4611	2006-present	6000	In service
		WAG-9I		CLW	Co-Co	43	2010-present	6000	In service
		EF-9K		CLW	Co-Co		2020-present	9000	In service
		EF-12K		CLW	Co-Co+Co-Co		2023-present	12000	In service
		WAG-10		BLW	Co-Co-Co-Co	1	2018-present	10000	In service
		WAG-11		BLW	Co-Co-Co-Co	4	2018-present	12000	In service
		WAG-12		Alstom, ELF	Bo-Bo-Bo-Bo	360	2017-present	12000	In service
WCAM series
Dual (DC/AC)	Mixed	WCAM-1		CLW	Co-Co	54	1975-79	2930 (DC) 3640 (AC)	Retired
		WCAM-2		CLW	Co-Co	20	1995-96	3780 (DC) 4720 (AC)	In service
		WCAM-3		BHEL	Co-Co	53	1997-98	4600 (DC) 5000 (AC)	In service
WCAG series
Dual (DC/AC)	Goods	WCAG-1		BHEL	Co-Co	12	1999-2000	4600 (DC) 5000 (AC)	In service

Metre-gauge

Metre-gauge Electric Locomotives

Traction	Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (|HP)	Status
DC	Goods	YCG-1		English Electric	Bo-Bo	4	1930	640	Retired
AC	Mixed	YAM-1		Mitsubishi	B-B	20	1964-66	1740	Retired

Electric multiple units

In 1925, the Electric Multiple Units (EMU) introduced in Bombay were 1.5KV DC units imported were from Cammell Laird and Uerdingenwagonfabrik. In the 1960s, EMUs were developed by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai. Indian Railways uses multiple DC units in operation in several suburban sections which are classified from WCU-1 through WCU-15. BHEL developed AC-DC dual use EMUs which can run on 25kV AC and 1.5kV DC traction lines. In the late 1990s, MEMUs were developed which ran on 25KV AC power. AC Electric multiple units are designated WAU-1 to WAU-4. In 2019, ICF rolled out three-phase AC units to replace conventional DC units.

Diesel

In 1954, the first diesel locomotive was used in India, which was manufactured by North British Locomotive Company. In 1958, WDM-1, the first locomotive used for mainline traffic was imported from ALCO. In 1964, the first broad-gauge WDM-2 diesel locomotive was rolled out by Banaras Locomotive Works.

Broad-gauge

Broad-gauge Diesel Locomotives

Usage	Name	Numbers	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
WDM series
Mixed	WDM-1	17000-17099		ALCO	Co-Co	100	1957-59	1950	Retired
	WDM-2	16000-16887, 17100-17999, 18040-18079, 18112-18514, 18523-18900, 18903-18999		ALCO, BLW	Co-Co	2700	1962-98	2600	Retired
	WDM-2G	80000,80001		BLW	Co-Co	2	2013	2400	Retired
	WDM-3	18515-18522		Henschel	Bo-Bo	8	1970	2500	Retired
	WDM-3A	13xxx, 14001-14057, 14058-14143, 16000-		BLW	Co-Co	1431	1994-98	3100	In service
	WDM-3D	11101 - 11590		BLW	Co-Co	500	2003-13	3300	In service
	WDM-4	18000-039, 18080-18111		GM	Co-Co	72	1962	2600	Retired
	WDM-6	18901,18902		BLW	Bo-Bo	2	1981-82	1350	Retired
	WDM-7	11001-11015		BLW	Co-Co	15	1987-89	2000	Retired
WDP series
Passenger	WDP-1	15001-15069		BLW, ALCO	Bo-Bo	69	1995-99	2300	In service
	WDP-3A	15501-15544		BLW, ALCO	Co-Co	44	1998-2002	3100	In service
	WDP-4	20000-20103, 40001-40608		EMD, BLW	Bo1-1Bo	711	2002-18	4000	In service
WDG series
Goods	WDG-2/3A	14501-14999, 13000-13665		BLW	Co-Co	2004	1995-2010	3100	In service
	WDG-4	12001-12999, 70001-70190		EMD, BLW	Co-Co	1188	1999-2018	4500	In service
	WDG-4D	70301-70882, 12681		BLW	Co-Co	583	2012-2018	4500	In service
	WDG-4G	49001-49700		GE Transportation, DLF	Co-Co	468	2017-present	4500	In service
	WDG-5	50001-50007		BLW	Co-Co	7	2012-17	5500	Withdrawn
	WDG-6G	69001-69300		GE Transportation, DLF	Co-Co	92	2018-present	6000	In service
WDS series
Shunter	WDS-1	19000-19014		GE	Bo-Bo	15	1944-45	386	Retired
	WDS-2	19016-19045		Krauss-Maffei	C	30	1954-55	440	Retired
	WDS-3	19046-19052		Maschinenbau Kiel	C	7	1961	618	Retired
	WDS-4	19057-19732		CLW	C	662	1968-97	600-700	Retired
	WDS-5	19087-19107		ALCO, BLW	Co-Co	21	1967	1065	Retired
	WDS-6			BLW	Co-Co	270	1975–	1400	In service
	WDS-8			CLW	Bo-Bo	5	1979-82	800	Retired

In 2009, a YDM-4 locomotive was converted to a broad gauge shunter by Golden Rock Railway Workshop, codenamed WCDS-6, with C for "Converted" and delivered to RITES.

Metre-gauge

Metre-gauge Diesel Locomotives

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
YDM series
Mixed	YDM-1		NBL	B-B	20	1955-56	700	Retired
	YDM-2		CLW	B-B	41	1986-90	700	Retired
	YDM-3		EMD	B-B	30	1961-62	1390	Retired
	YDM-4		ALCO, BLW	Co-Co	541	1961–93	1400	In service
	YDM-5		GM	C-C	25	1964	1390	Retired

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge Diesel Locomotives

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
ZDM series
Mixed	ZDM-1		Arnold Jung	B-B	5	1955	290	Retired
	ZDM-2		Maschinenbau Kiel	B-B	25	1964-65	700	Retired
	ZDM-3		CLW	B-B	40	1970-82	700	In service
	ZDM-4		CLW	1-B-B-1	49	1975-90	700	In service
	ZDM-5		CLW	B-B	41	1989	450	In service

2 ft (610 mm) gauge

2 ft (610 mm) gauge Diesel Locomotives

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
NDM series
Mixed	NDM-1		Arnold Jung	B-B	7	1955	290	In service
	NDM-5		CLW	B-B	11	1987-89	450	In service
	NDM-6		SAN	B	6	1997	335	In service

Diesel multiple units

In 1993-94, diesel multiple units (DMU) were introduced into service. Depending on their transmission system, they are classified as DEMU (diesel-electric transmission) or DHMU (diesel-hydraulic transmission). With increase in electrifiction, DEMUS have been replaced by MEMUs in stages.

Dual

Broad-gauge Dual Locomotives

Usage	Name	Image	Manufacturer	Axles	Number built	Production	Power (HP)	Status
Passenger	WDAP-5		BLW	Co-Co	1	2019-	4500 (Diesel) 5500 (AC)	In trials

Steam

Broad-gauge

In the 19th century, the railway companies ordered custom-built steam locomotives, usually from British manufacturers. With non-standardized and multiple designs, manufacturing cost was high and production was slow. During the 1890s, Indian railway companies imported locomotives from Germany and the United States when British manufacturers were suffering from work outages. List of locomotives used below:

• Bengal Nagpur Railway:
  • Class F: 0-6-0
  • Class GM: 2-6-0 (probably modified)
  • BNR class HSG: 2-8-0+0-8-2 Garratt locomotive, first Garratt locomotive
  • Class M: 4-6-2 (probably modified)
  • BNR class N: 4-8-0+0-8-4 Garratt, India's largest locomotive; One is preserved at the National Rail Museum, New Delhi
  • BNR class NM: Ten were built in 1931 by Beyer, Peacock & Company; withdrawn in the late 1960s
  • BNR class P: 4-8-2+2-8-4 Garratt, four were built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1939; withdrawn in the early 1970s
• Bombay, Baroda & Central India Railway:
  • BB&CI class P: 4-6-2
  • Class A: 2-4-0T, an Atlantic; was at the Palej shed
  • Class U36: 0-4-2, used on hauling suburban trains in Bombay
  • Class D1: 4-4-0, one was named Princess May
  • Class M: 4-6-2
• East Indian Railway Company:
  • Class CT: 0-6-4T, converted to a superheater
  • EIR class G: 2-2-2T, first two named Express and Fairy Queen; Built in 1855, the latter is the world's oldest locomotive to be in working order and was rebuilt by ICF; Housed at East Indian Railway (EIR)
  • EIR class P: 4-6-0
• Great Indian Peninsula Railway:
  • Sultan, Sahib and Sindh: Hauled the first passenger train in 1853
  • Lord Falkland: 0-6-0
  • GIPR classes Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4: 0-8-4T, Used on Thal Ghat as bankers for pushing trains up the Western Ghats.
  • GIPR Class F and F3: 2-6-0
  • GIPR class J1: 0-6-0
  • Class D4: 4-6-0, one is named Hero
  • Class D5: 4-6-0 passenger locomotive
  • Class E1: 4-4-2 Atlantic built by the North British Locomotive Company in 1907–8; Rebuilt with a superheater between 1925 and 1928.
  • Class T: Tank locomotive used for hauling Mumbai suburban trains
  • Class Y: 2-8-4T
  • Crane tank: 0-6-0T, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum in New Delhi
• Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway:
  • M&SM class V: 4-4-0, one is preserved.
  • Class BTC: 2-6-4T, based on BESA specifications
  • Class T: 0-4-2; one is preserved in Chennai
• Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway:
  • NSR class A: 2-6-0T, No. 48, an Atlantic preserved at the National Rail Museum, Delhi
• North Western State Railway:
  • Class EM: 4-4-2, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
  • NWR class GAS: 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt, one built in 1925 and retired in 1937
  • NWR class P: 2-4-0
  • Class E1: 4-4-2
  • Class N1: 4-8-0
• Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway:
  • Class B26: 0-6-0, one is preserved at the National Rail Museum
• Others:
  • Class B: 2-6-0
  • Class E: 2-4-0
  • Class F: 2-8-2, built between 1926 and 1950 by Nasmyth Wilson for service on Central Railway (CR)
  • Class G: 2-6-0, probably intended for freight
  • Class NA2
  • Class PTC: 2-6-4T, owned by Northern Railway (NR); probably a converted passenger locomotive
  • Class Y2: 2-8-2T, reclassified L2
  • Phoenix: 0-4-0T, one is at the National Rail Museum
  • Ramgotty: 2-2-0T, the National Rail Museum's oldest locomotive, it was converted to broad gauge

In the early 1900s, the British Engineering Standards Committee (later the British Engineering Standards Association) began designing a series of locomotives for use by Indian railways. The first two designs emerged in 1903: a 4-4-0 passenger and 0-6-0 goods. They were revised in 1905 and 1906 with additional heavier, more-powerful locomotives:

• Class SP: Standard passenger (4-4-0)
• Class SG: Standard goods (0-6-0)
• Class PT: Passenger tank (2-6-4T)
• Class HP: Heavy passenger (4-6-0)
• Class AP: Atlantic passenger (4-4-2)
• Class HG: Heavy goods (2-8-0)
• Class HT: Heavy tank (2-8-2T)

These advisory BESA designs were customized by the railway companies, which used different classification systems; only the state-operated railways used the class designations SP, SG, PT, HP, AP, HG and HT. When superheating was accepted, superheated versions were classified SPS, SGS and so on (if built with superheaters) and SPC, SGC and so on (if converted from saturated to superheated).

After World War I, larger and more-powerful locomotives were designed by British consulting engineers for the Indian government. They began to operate from 1927:

• Class XA: branch passenger 4-6-2 design, 12.5-ton axle load
• Class XB: light passenger 4-6-2 design, 17-ton axle load
• Class XC: heavy passenger 4-6-2 design, 19.5-ton axle load
• Class XD: Light goods 2-8-2 design, 17-ton axle load
• Class XE: heavy goods 2-8-2 design, 22.5-ton axle load

• Class XF: light shunting 0-8-0 design, 18-ton axle load
• Class XG: heavy shunting 0-8-0 design, 23-ton axle load
• Class XH: 4-cylinder 2-8-2, 28-ton axle load; none were built
• Class XP: experimental passenger 4-6-2, 18.5-ton axle load
• Class XS: experimental 4-cylinder 4-6-2, 21.5-ton axle load
• Class XT: light tank 0-4-2T, 15-ton axle load

During World War II, large numbers of 2-8-2 locomotives were acquired from the United States and Canada and classified AWD and CWD. The Baldwin Locomotive Works adapted the USATC S160 Class locomotive design for India, and it became class AWC. Sixty broad-gauge locomotives were built in 1944 as part of an order of 180 S160 engines. In addition to modified frame spreaders, axles, cylinders, and cab, the Indian locomotives had a turbo generator and electric lighting (not included in the standard European design). Many parts (including boilers) were identical to those in standard-gauge locomotives.

Although new classes were designed shortly before the war, many did not enter service until the post-war period. The new classes were indicated by the change of broad-gauge prefix from X to W, and plans were implemented to begin manufacturing locomotives in India. The new classes were:

• Class WP: passenger 4-6-2, 18.50-ton axle load
• Class WG: goods 2-8-2, 18.50-ton axle load
• Class WL (1st): light 4-6-2, 16.00-ton axle load (four for North Western Railway in 1939; all to Pakistan during partition of India)
• Class WL (2nd): light 4-6-2, 16.75-ton axle load
• Class WM: 2-6-4T, 16.25-ton axle load
• Class WT: 2-8-4T, 18.00-ton axle load
• Class WU: 2-4-2T, 16.50-ton axle load
• Class WV: 2-6-2T, 16.25-ton axle load
• Class WW: 0-6-2T, 16.50-ton axle load

All broad-gauge steam locomotives in India have been withdrawn from normal service, with only occasional steam specials continuing to operate.

Metre-gauge

• Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class
• BESA designs:
  • Passenger (4-6-0)
  • Mixed (4-6-0)
  • Goods (4-8-0)
  • Tank (2-6-2T)
• Indian Railway Standards designs of the late 1920s
  • Class YA: 4-6-2 with 9-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class YB: 4-6-2 with 10-ton axle load (161 built for India and 50 for Burma)
  • Class YC: 4-6-2 with 12-ton axle load (15 built for India and 13 for Burma)
  • Class YD: 2-8-2 with 10-ton axle load (171 built for India, 61 for Burma, and 25 for East Pakistan)
  • Class YE: 2-8-2 with 12-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class YF: 0-6-2 with 8-ton axle load; later examples were 2-6-2 (111 built for India)
  • Class YK: 2-6-0 version of the 2-6-2 YF, 8-ton axle load (25 built for India)
  • Class YT: 0-4-2T with 8-ton axle load (2 built for India)
• Wartime designs:
  • Class MAWD: 2-8-2 USATC S118 Class
  • Class MWGX: 4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt
• Indian Railway Standards post war designs
  • Class YL: 2-6-2 mixed traffic locomotive with 8-ton axle load (264 built 1953–1957)
  • Class YG: 2-8-2 goods locomotive with 101⁄2-ton axle load (1074 built 1949–1972)
  • Class YP: 4-6-2 passenger locomotive with 101⁄2-ton axle load (871 built 1949–1970)
  • Class YM 2-6-4T with 9-ton axle load (12 built 1956)

2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge

• Barsi Light Railway:
  • Class A: 0-8-4T
  • Class B: 4-8-4T
  • Class C: 0-6-0ST
  • Class D: 0-4-0
  • Class E: Sentinel railcars
  • Class F: 2-8-2
  • Class G: 4-6-4
• Indian Railway Standards:
  • Class ZA: 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class ZB: 2-6-2 with 6-ton axle load
  • Class ZC: 2-8-2 with 6-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class ZD: 4-6-2 with 8-ton axle load (none built)
  • Class ZE: 2-8-2 with 8-ton axle load
  • Class ZF: 2-6-2T with 8-ton axle load

2 ft (610 mm) gauge

• Darjeeling Himalayan Railway:
  • DHR A Class: 0-4-0WT;
  • DHR B Class: 0-4-0ST; #777 and #778 preserved
  • DHR C Class: 4-6-2
  • DHR D Class: 0-4-0+0-4-0 Garratt
• Matheran Light Railway:
  • MLR 1-4: 0-6-0T
• Indian Railway Standards (none built):
  • QA: 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axle load
  • QB: 2-6-2 with 6-ton axle load
  • QC: 2-8-2 with 6-ton axle load

Others

In 2015, the first compressed natural gas (CNG) powered Multiple unites were rolled out by ICF. In 2020, Southern Railway zone introduced the first battery/AC dual shunter termed as WAG5HA with "H" for hybrid.

See also

• Rail transport in India
• List of locomotive builders

Notes

1. Consortium of KraussMaffei, Krupp, SFAC and La Brugeoise et Nivelles

References

1. ^ Understanding Indian Railway Heritage (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. p. 6. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
2. "Chennai: The track record". New Indian Express. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
3. First running of a railway locomotive in India (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. p. 6. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
4. "When India's first train blew steam". The Times of India. 25 April 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
5. "Oldest locomotive: Built in Ajmer, pride of Delhi". The Times of India. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
6. ^ Evolution of Electric Locomotives (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
7. ^ Gandhidham shed details (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
8. Chittaranjan Locomotive works (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
9. ^ Banaras Locomotive works (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
10. Electrical Multiple Units (PDF). Indian Rail Info (Report). 15 October 1999. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
11. "Historical Background of Railway Electrification". Indian Railways. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
12. "Indian railway facilities". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
13. ^ "India's first CNG train for the Rewari-Rohtak section". The Economic Times. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
14. "Indian Railways to roll out 'Make in India' 160 kmph self-propelled 'world-class' train sets at half the cost of import!". The Financial Express. 20 February 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
15. "Train 18: Country's first engine-less train rolled out; Train 20 next". The Economic Times. 29 October 2018. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
16. "About Indian Railways". Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
17. Trains at a glance (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
18. "37% of trains in India being hauled by diesel locomotives, rest by electric engines". The Hindu. 10 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
19. ^ Electric locomotive holding (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
20. ^ Diesel locomotive holding (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
21. ^ Locomotive classification (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
22. ^ Electrification history (Report). Indian Railways. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
23. ^ Heritage list of locomotives (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
24. ^ "Multiple Units". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
25. "3-phase MEMU to replace conventional DC rakes soon". The Hindu. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
26. De Cet, Mirco; Kent, Alan (2006). The Complete Encyclopedia of Locomotives. Rebo International. p. 286. ISBN 978-9-0366-1505-1.
27. ^ "Loco classes". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
28. Loco availability April 2024 (PDF) (Report). Indian Railways. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
29. "Locomotive FAQ". IRFCA. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
30. "Achievements of 2021". RDSO. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
31. "Railways to manufacture dual-mode locomotives that run on diesel, electricity". The Times of India. 17 January 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
32. Hughes 1979, p. 17
33. Baldwin Locomotive Works drawing index and bill of materials for special order 43306, locomotive design 2-8-0 19S, numbers 666 to 845 for the U.S. Government, War Department.
34. "Indian Railways goes green with eco-friendly loco! Adds battery-operated shunting locomotive to its fleet". Financial Express. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

Bibliography

• Hughes, Hugh (1976). Steam in India. Truro, Cornwall: D. Bradford Barton Ltd. ISBN 0851532586.
• Hughes, Hugh (1979). Steam locomotives in India, Part 3 – Broad Gauge. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9503469-4-2.
• Hughes, Hugh (1990). Indian Locomotives: Part 1 – Broad Gauge 1851–1940. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9503469-8-5. OCLC 21871114.
• Hughes, Hugh (1992). Indian Locomotives: Part 2 – Metre Gauge 1872–1940. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9503469-9-3. OCLC 26549293.
• Hughes, Hugh (1994). Indian Locomotives: Part 3 – Narrow Gauge 1863–1940. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9521655-0-3. OCLC 39496543.
• Hughes, Hugh (1996). Indian Locomotives: Part 4 – 1941–1990. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9521655-1-1. OCLC 35135033.
• Marshall, Lawrence G (2001). Indian Narrow Gauge Steam Remembered. East Harling, Norfolk: Plateway Press. ISBN 1871980488.
• Marshall, Lawrence G (2005). Indian Metre Gauge Steam Remembered. East Harling, Norfolk: Plateway Press. ISBN 1871980542.
• Marshall, Lawrence G (2009). Indian Broad Gauge Steam Remembered. East Harling, Norfolk: Taverner Publications. ISBN 9781901470154.
• Woods, George (2017). Indian Steam in the 1970s. Stroud, Glos: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445666785.

External links

v t e Indian Railways
Authority	Ministry of Railways Rail Bhavan Railway Board
Related organisations	Central Organisation for Modernisation of Workshops (COFMOW) Central Organisation for Railway Electrification (CORE) Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) Commission of Railway Safety (CRS) Container Corporation of India (CCI) Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) High Speed Rail Corporation of India Limited (HSRI) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC) Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation (IRSDC) Ircon International (IRCON) Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC) Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation (MRVC) National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL) Passenger Amenities Committee (PAC) Rail India Technical and Economic Service (RITES) Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA) Rail Vikas Nigam (RVNL) RailTel Railway Protection Force (RPF) Railway Recruitment Control Board (RRCB) Railways Sports Promotion Board (RSPB) Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO)
Zones	Central East Central East Coast Eastern Kolkata Metro North Central North Eastern North Western Northeast Frontier Northern South Central South Coast South East Central South Eastern South Western Southern West Central Western
Rolling stock	Coaching Stock ICF coach LHB coach Tejas coach Trainsets Amrit Bharat Multiple units Shinkansen Vande Bharat Vande Bharat Sleeper Locomotives Wagon Numbering
Manufacturing units	Banaras Locomotive Works BEML Limited Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Bharat Wagon and Engineering Braithwaite & Co. Burn Standard Company Chittaranjan Locomotive Works Diesel Locomotive Factory Electric Locomotive Factory Integral Coach Factory Marathwada Rail Coach Factory Modern Coach Factory Patiala Locomotive Works Rail Coach Factory (Kapurthala) Rail Coach Factory (Sonipat) Rail Wheel Factory Rail Wheel Plant Titagarh Wagons
Railway depots	Diesel Loco Abu Road Alambagh Andal Bandra Bardhaman Bhagat Ki Kothi Bokaro Steel City Bondamunda Coonoor Ernakulam Erode Gandhidham Golden Rock Gonda Gooty Guntakal Howrah Hubli Itarsi Izzatnagar Jamalpur Jhansi Kalka Kalyan Kazipet Kharagpur Krishnarajapuram Kurla Ludhiana Lumding Malda Town Maula Ali Mhow Motibagh Mughalsarai New Guwahati City New Katani Patratu Pratapnagar Pune Raipur Ratlam Sabarmati Samastipur Shakurbasti Siliguri Tondiarpet Tughlakabad Vatva Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Electric Loco Ajni Angul Arakkonam Asansol Barauni Bhilai Bhusawal Bilaspur Bokaro Steel City Bondamunda Erode Ghaziabad Gomoh Gorakhpur Guntakal Howrah Ispat Nagar Itarsi Jhansi Kalyan Kanpur Katni Kazipet Khanalampura Lallaguda Ludhiana Mughalsarai Nagpur Rourkela Royapuram Saharanpur Saiyedpur Bhitri Tatanagar Tughlakabad Vadodara Valsad Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Steam Loco Coonoor Rewari Multiple Unit DEMU/DMU Bangalore Budgam Gondia Jalandhar Jamalpur Motibagh Maula Ali Shakurbasti Vijayawada EMU Avadi Bandel Barasat Ghaziabad Howrah Kalwa Kandivali Kharagpur Kurla Maula Ali Mumbai Central Narkeldanga Panskura Ranaghat Saharanpur Sanpada Sonarpur Tambaram Tikiapara Velachery Virar MEMU Asansol Bhilai Kanpur Kollam Palakkad Rajahmundry Vadodara Kolkata Metro Noapara Tollygunge New Garia Central Park Joka
Lines	Main Chennai–Bangalore Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai Howrah–Chennai Howrah–Delhi Howrah–Gaya–Delhi Mumbai–Chennai New Delhi–Chennai New Delhi–Mumbai High-speed Mumbai–Ahmedabad (Under construction) Suburban Chennai MRTS Chennai Suburban Delhi Suburban Pune Suburban Hyderabad MMTS Kolkata Suburban Mumbai Suburban Mountain Darjeeling Kalka-Shimla Nilgiri
Passenger trains	Semi-High speed Amrit Bharat Express Duronto Express Gatimaan Express Tejas Express Rajdhani Express Shatabdi Express Vande Bharat Express Premium AC Express AC Double Decker Express Humsafar Express Uday Express Express Antyodaya Express Garib Rath Express Intercity Express Jan Sadharan Express Jan Shatabdi Express Mahamana Express Sampark Kranti Express Suvidha Express Rajya Rani Express Vivek Express Yuva Express Luxury Deccan Odyssey Fairy Queen Golden Chariot Mahaparinirvan Express Maharajas' Express Palace on Wheels Ramayana Express Royal Orient Royal Rajasthan on Wheels Village on Wheels Special Lifeline Express Red Ribbon Express Science Express Others Passenger trains Namo Bharat Rapid Rail
Stations	Major Chennai Chennai Central Chennai Egmore Tambaram Delhi Delhi Jn. Hazrat Nizamuddin New Delhi Kolkata Howrah Howrah South Sealdah Mumbai Dadar Kalyan Jn. Mumbai Central Mumbai CSMT Mumbai LTT Panvel Others Ahmedabad Jn. Gorakhpur Jn. KSR Bengaluru Patna Jn. Pune Jn. Secunderabad Jn. Surat Thane Vijayawada Jn. Visakhapatnam Jn. Others Junctions Metro
Training institutes	Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering (IRICEN) Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering (IRICEE) Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (IRIMEE) Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications (IRISET) Indian Railways Track Machine Training Centre (IRTMTC) National Academy of Indian Railways (NAIR) National Rail and Transportation Institute (NRTI) Jagjivan Ram Railway Protection Force Academy (JRRPFA)
Trade unions	All India Railwaymen's Federation (AIRF) All India Station Masters' Association (AISMA) Konkan Railway Corporation Employees Union (KRCEU)
Related articles	Accidents Anti-collision device Kavach Future Diamond Quadrilateral History of Rail Transport Last vehicle board Railway budget Railway schools Train Warning System Urban Rail Transit
Category

v t e Broad-gauge locomotives of India
Steam	BESA designs SP SG PT HP AP HG HT IRS designs XA XB XC XD XE XF XG XH XP XT XS World War II designs AWD AWE CWD AWC IGR standard designs WP WG WL (1939) WL (1955) WM WT WU WV WW
Diesel	Mixed type WDM-1 WDM-2 WDM-2G WDM-3 WDM-3A (3C) WDM-3D (3B, 3E, 3F) WDM-4 WDM-6 WDM-7 Passenger WDP-1 WDP-2/3A WDP-4 (4B, 4D) Goods WDG-2/3A (3B,3C,3D) WDG-4 (4D) WDG-4G WDG-5 WDG-6G Shunting WDS-1 WDS-2 WDS-3/4C WDS-4 (4A, 4B, 4D) WDS-5 WDS-6 WDS-8
DC electric	Mixed type WCM-1 WCM-2 WCM-3 WCM-4 WCM-5 WCM-6 Passenger WCP-1 WCP-2 WCP-3 WCP-4 Goods WCG-1 WCG-2
AC electric	Mixed type WAM-1 WAM-2 WAM-3 WAM-4 Passenger WAP-1 WAP-2 WAP-3 WAP-4 WAP-5 WAP-6 WAP-7 Goods WAG-1 WAG-2 WAG-3 WAG-4 WAG-5 WAG-6A WAG-6B/6C WAG-7 WAG-8 WAG-9 WAGC-3/WAG-10 WAG-11 WAG-12
Dual (AC and DC) electric	Mixed type WCAM-1 WCAM-2/2P WCAM-3 Goods WCAG-1
Dual mode	Passenger WDAP-5

v t e Metre-gauge locomotives of India
Steam	Company designs Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class BESA designs P M G T IRS designs YA YB YC YD YE YF YK YT World War II designs Class MAWD: 2-8-2 Class MWGX: 4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt IR standard designs YG YL YM YP
Diesel	Mixed type YDM-1 YDM-2 YDM-3 YDM-4/4A YDM-5
DC electric	Goods YCG-1
AC electric	Mixed type YAM-1

v t e Narrow-gauge locomotives of India
Steam (2 ft 6 in (762 mm))	Barsi Light Railway A B C D E F G IRS designs ZA ZB ZC ZD ZE ZF
Steam (2 ft (610 mm))	Darjeeling Himalayan Railway A B (778) C D Matheran Light Railway MLR 1-4 IRS designs QA QB QC
Diesel (2 ft 6 in (762 mm))	ZDM-1 ZDM-2 ZDM-3 ZDM-4 ZDM-5
Diesel (2 ft (610 mm))	NDM-1 NDM-2 NDM-3 NDM-4 NDM-5 NDM-6
Battery (2 ft (610 mm))	NBM-1

• Locomotives of India
• Steam locomotives of India
• Diesel locomotives of India
• Electric locomotives of India
• Indian railway-related lists