Misplaced Pages

List of sovereign states in the 1910s

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from List of sovereign states in 1910)

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1910s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1910 and 31 December 1919. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 94 widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

Contents

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2019)

Sovereign states

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

→  Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul 		De facto independent state that was a de jure British protectorate (to 8 August 1919). Widely recognized independent state (from 8 August 1919).
→ Albania (from 28 November 1912)
Capital: Durrës 		Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica by the Balkan League states. Recognized independent state de jure from 29 July 1913. De facto Italian protectorate from 23 June 1917.
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra La Vella 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Angoche – Angoche Sultanate (to 1910)
Capital: Angoche 		Widely recognized state.
 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires 		Widely recognized independent state
Armenia – Republic of Armenia (from 28 May 1918)
Capital: Yerevan 		Widely recognized state.
Asir – Idrisid Emirate of Asir (from 3 August 1917)
Capital: Sabya 		Widely recognized independent state
Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
Capital: Aussa 		Widely recognized state.
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (Dominion of the British Empire)
Capital: Melbourne 		Widely recognized independent state. Australia is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia had two external territories:
Austria Austria (from 12 November 1918)
Capital: Vienna 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (to 31 October 1918)
Capital: Vienna and Budapest 		Widely recognized independent state. Austria-Hungary had one concession:
→ Azerbaijan – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (from 28 May 1918)
Capital: Ganja (to September, 1918), Baku (from September, 1918) 		Widely recognized state.

B

 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels 		Widely recognized state. Belgium had one colony and one concession:
 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan (to January 8, 1910)
Capital: Thimphu 		Widely recognized state.
Bolivia Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre 		Widely recognized state.
Brazil Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro 		Widely recognized state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.
Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946) Bulgaria – Tsardom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia 		Widely recognized state.

C

 Canada – Dominion of Canada (Dominion of the British Empire)
Capital: Ottawa 		Widely recognized state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
Chile Chile – Republic of Chile
Capital: Santiago 		Widely recognized state.
→ → → China
Capital: Peking 		Widely recognized state to December 12, 1915, and from June 6, 1916.
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá 		Widely recognized state.
Costa Rica– Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José 		Widely recognized state.
 Crete – Cretan State (de jure to December 1, 1913)
Capital: Chania 		De jure autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire to December 1, 1913. De facto unilaterally annexed by Greece.
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana 		Widely recognized state.
Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Republic (from October 28, 1918)
Capital: Prague 		Widely recognized state.

D

Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti (to 1911)
Capital: N'Délé 		Widely recognized state.
Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur (to 1916)
Capital: El Fasher 		Widely recognized state.
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen 		Widely recognized state. Denmark had one colony and one dependency:
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic – Second Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo 		Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from May 5, 1916.

E

Ecuador Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito 		Widely recognized state.
→ El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador 		Widely recognized state.
Estonia (from February 24, 1918) Widely recognized state.
→  Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa 		Widely recognized state.

F

→ & Finland (from December 6, 1917)
Capital: Helsinki 		Widely recognized state.
France – French Republic
Capital: Paris 		Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France:

G

Georgia – Democratic Republic of Georgia (from May 26, 1918)
Capital: Tiflis 		Widely recognized state. Immediately recognized by Germany and the Ottoman Empire.
→ Germany
Capital: Berlin 		Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:
 Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens 		Widely recognized state.
Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa (to 1911)
Capital: Jongaya 		Widely recognized state to 1911. Annexed by the Netherlands in 1911.
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City 		Widely recognized state.

H

Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Capital: Ha'il 		Widely recognized state.
Haiti Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince 		Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from July 28, 1915.
→ Hejaz – Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz (from June 10, 1916)
Capital: Mecca 		Widely recognized state.
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Capital: Tegucicalpa 		Widely recognized state.
→ → → Hungary (from November 16, 1918)
Capital: Budapest 		Unrecognized state from August 1 to 8, 1919.

I

 Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland (from December 1, 1918)
Capital: Reykjavík 		Widely recognized independent state under a personal union with Denmark. Still dependent from Denmark.
 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome 		Widely recognized state. Italy had four colonies and three concessions:

J

 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo City 		Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following protectorates, dependencies and concessions:

Japan administered one League of Nations mandate:

L

& Latvia (disputed between two governments) (from November 18, 1918)


Capital: Riga, Dvinsk, and Rezhitsa

Widely recognized state.
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia 		Widely recognized state.
 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz 		Widely recognized state.
→ & Lithuania (from February 16, 1918)
Capital: Vilnius 		Widely recognized state.
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (to August 1914, from November 11, 1918)
Capital: Luxembourg City 		Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupation.

M

Mbundaland – Mbunda Kingdom (to 1917)
Capital: Lumbala N'guimbo 		Widely recognized state.
→ Mexico
Capital: Mexico City
  • Porfiriato (to May 25, 1911)
  • United Mexican States (from February 5, 1917)
 Widely recognized state. Mexico had one territory:
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco 		Widely recognized state.
Mongolia - Great Mongolian State (from December 29, 1911 to June 17, 1915)
Capital: Niislel Khuree 		Widely recognized state. Still dependent from China.
→ Montenegro
Capital: Cetinje 		Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918.
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco (to March 30, 1912)
Capital: Fes 		De jure sovereign state under French and Spanish protectorate from March 30, 1912.
Mountain Republic - Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (from March 6, 1917)
Capital: Temir-Khan-Shura 		Widely recognized state.
 Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
Capital: Muscat 		De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.

N

→ Riyadh / Nejd
Capital: Riyadh 		Widely recognized state.
Netherlands Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam 		Widely recognized independent state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
 Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland
Capital: St. John's 		Widely recognized state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
New Zealand New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington 		Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand:
 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua 		Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from 1912.
 Nri – Kingdom of Nri (to 1911)
Capital: Igbo-Ukwu 		Widely recognized state.
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo 		Widely recognized state. Norway had three uninhabited possessions:

O

 Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Capital: Constantinople 		Widely recognized state. Ottoman Empire had one protectorate:
 Ouaddai – Sultanate of Ouaddai (to 1912)
Capital: Abeche 		Widely recognized state.

P

 Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City 		Widely recognized state.
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asuncion 		Widely recognized state.
Persia – Persian Empire
Capital: Tehran 		Widely recognized state.
 Peru
Capital: Lima 		Widely recognized independent state.
Poland (from January 14, 1917)
Capital: Warsaw 		Client / Puppet state of Germany until November 11, 1918. Widely recognized independent state from November 11, 1918.
→ Portugal
Capital: Lisbon 		Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal:

R

 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest 		Widely recognized state.
→ → → Russia
Capital: Saint Petersburg 		Widely recognized state. Russia had three protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy:

S

 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino 		Widely recognized state.
→ Serbia / Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Capital: Belgrade 		Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918.
Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (to 1916)
Capital: Kota Mambang Segara 		Widely recognized state.
→ Thailand → Siam – Kingdom of Siam
Capital: Bangkok 		Widely recognized state.
→  South Africa – Union of South Africa (Dominion of the British Empire) (from May 31, 1910)
Capital: Pretoria 		Widely recognized independent state. South Africa is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. South Africa has one mandate:
Spain Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid 		Widely recognized state. Spain had three colonies, one protectorate and two possessions:
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu (to 1915)
Capital: Jolo 		Widely recognized state.
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm 		Widely recognized state.
Switzerland Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern 		Widely recognized state.

T

Tibet (from 1912)
Capital: Lhasa 		De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China.
Transcaucasia – Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (from February 22 to May 28, 1918)
Capital: Tiflis 		Widely recognized independent state.

U

 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Capital: London 		Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
→  United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C. 		Widely recognized state. The following are territories of the United States of America:
Upper Asir - Sheikdom of Upper Asir (from August 1916)
Capital: Abha 		Widely recognized state.
 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo 		Widely recognized state.

V

 Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas 		Widely recognized state.

Y

Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (from October 30, 1918)
Capital: Sana`a 		Widely recognized independent state.

Other Entities

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

Alash – Alash Autonomy (from December 13, 1917)
Capital: Alash-Qala 		Unrecognized state.
Alsace-Lorraine – Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic (from November 10 to 22, 1918)
Capital: Straßburg 		Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
Altai – Confederated Republic of Altai (from 1917)
Capital: Gorno-Altaysk 		Unrecognized state.
Aras – Republic of Aras (from December 1918 to June 1919)
Capital: Nakhchivan 		Unrecognized state.
Banat Republic (from October 31, 1918 to February 20, 1919)
Capital: Timișoara 		Unrecognized state. Client state of the Hungarian People's Republic to November 1918. Client state of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from November 1918.
→ Bavaria
Capital: Munich 		Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
→ Belarus
Capital: Minsk 		Partially-recognized state from 1918 to 1919. Puppet/Buffer State of Soviet Russia from January 1, 1919.
Bottleneck – Free State Bottleneck (from January 10, 1919)
Capital: Lorch 		Unoccupied territory within post-World War I Germany.
Bremen – Bremen Soviet Republic (from January 10 to February 4, 1919)
Capital: Bremen 		Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
Central Albania – Republic of Central Albania (from October 16, 1913 to March 7, 1914)
Capital: Durrës 		Unrecognized state.
Centrocaspian Dictatorship – Centro-Caspian Dictatorship (from August 1 to September 15, 1918)
Capital: Baku 		Unrecognized state.
Courland and Semigallia – Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (from March 8 to September 22, 1918)
Capital: Riga 		Client state of Germany.
→ Crimea
Capital: Bakhchysarai 		Self-proclaimed autonomy of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic.
Don – Don Republic (from May 18, 1918)
Capital: Novocherkassk 		Unrecognized state.
Donbas and Kryvbas – Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic (from February 12 to March 20, 1918)
Capital: Kharkiv 		Unrecognized, self-declared state.
Hutsul Republic (from January 8 to June 11, 1919)
Capital: Yasinia 		Unrecognized state.
Icaria – Free State of Icaria (from July 18 to November 1912)
Capital: Icaria 		Unrecognized state.
Idel-Ural – Idel-Ural State (from March 1, 1918 to April 1918)
Capital: Ufa 		Semi-Independent state.
Ireland – Irish Republic (from January 21, 1919)
Capital: Dublin 		Revolutionary state.
Kars Republic – Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus (from December 1, 1918 to April 1919)
Capital: Kars 		Nominally-independent provisional government.
Kokand – Turkestan Autonomy (from November 27, 1917 to February 22, 1918)
Capital: Kokand 		Unrecognized state.
Komancza – Komancza Republic (from November 4, 1918 to January 24, 1919)
Capital: Komańcza 		Microstate.
Korea, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (from April 11, 1919)
Capital-in-exile: Shanghai 		Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile.
 Kuban – Kuban People's Republic (from January 28, 1918)
Capital: Yekaterinodar 		Unrecognized state.
Lemko Republic – Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (from December 5, 1918)
Capital: Florynka 		Unrecognized state from December 5, 1918.
Lithuania-Byelorussia – Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (from February 17 to July 17, 1919)
Capital: Vilnius, Minsk, and Smolensk 		Soviet puppet state from February 17 to July 17, 1919.
Moldova – Moldavian Democratic Republic (from December 15, 1917 to December 10, 1918)
Capital: Argyrokastron 		Unrecognized state.
Northern Epirus – Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (from February 28 to May 17, 1914)
Capital: Argyrokastron 		Unrecognized, self-declared independent state. Autonomy under nominal (unimplemented) Albanian sovereignty from May 17, 1914; de facto under Greek administration from October 27, 1914.
North Ingria – Republic of North Ingria (from January 23, 1919)
Capital: Kirjasalo 		Unrecognized state.
Oman, Imamate of – Imamate of Oman (from 1913)
Capital: Nizwa 		Unrecognized state.
Odessa – Odessa Soviet Republic (from January 17 to March 13, 1918)
Capital: Odessa 		Puppet state of Soviet Russia.
Perloja – Republic of Perloja (from November 1918) Unrecognized state.
Slovakia – Slovak Soviet Republic (from June 16 to July 7, 1919)
Capital: Prešov 		Puppet state of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
Slovenes, Croats and Serbs – State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (from October 29 to December 1, 1918)
Capital: Zagreb 		Unrecognized provisional government.
Syria – Arab Kingdom of Syria (from November 26, 1919)
Capital: Damascus 		De facto independent state not recognized by any other state.
Tarnobrzeg – Republic of Tarnobrzeg (from November 6, 1918, to spring 1919)
Capital: Tarnobrzeg 		Unrecognized state.
Tripolitania – Tripolitanian Republic (from November 16, 1918)
Capital: ‘Aziziya 		Unrecognized state.
Uhtua – Republic of Uhtua (from June 21, 1918)
Capital: Uhtua 		Unrecognized state.
Ukraine (separated into several governments)
Uryankhay – Uryankhay Republic (from December 1, 1911 to April 17, 1914)
Capital: Belotsarsk 		Self-declared independent state.
Western Thrace – Independent Government of Western Thrace (from August 31 to October 25, 1913)
Capital: Komotini 		Unrecognized state.
Würzburg – Würzburg Soviet Republic (from April 7 to 9, 1919)
Capital: Würzburg 		Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I.
Zakopane – Republic of Zakopane (from October 13 to November 16, 1918)
Capital: Zakopane 		Unrecognized state.

Notes

  1. 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre. 1 Federal District: Federal District.
  2. Claimed by Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (partially recognized government-in-exile) from April 11, 1919.

References

  1. "Anglo-Afghan Wars". Encyclopedia Britannica. 10 April 2024.
  2. "Albania — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". CIA. 10 April 2024.
  3. "1912 | The Declaration of Albanian Independence". Albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  4. "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-06, retrieved 2021-10-20
  5. "World War I - The collapse of Austria-Hungary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  6. "Azerbaijan— The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". CIA. 10 April 2024.
  7. The Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established in 1912 and abolished a year later in 1913.
  8. "Estonian Declaration of Independence, 24 February 1918". 2009-05-22. Archived from the original on 2009-05-22. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  9. Elmer A. Ordoñez, ed. (1998). Toward the first Asian republic: papers from the Jakarta International Conference on the Centenary of the Philippine Revolution and the First Asian Republic. Philippine Centennial Commission. ISBN 978-971-92018-3-0.
  10. "Mongolia - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. 2022-02-14. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  11. International Law: Achievements and Prospects, p. 51, at Google Books
  12. Repertory of Decisions of the International Court of Justice (1947–1992), p. 453, at Google Books
  13. The crown colony had a provisional government from December 1915 to January 1919.
  14. "Kingdom of Yemen (1918-1962)". fotw.info. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  15. "Yemen", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-10-06, retrieved 2021-10-20
  16. Ubiria, Grigol (16 September 2015). Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia:The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 9781317504351. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  17. "Lemko Republic of Florynka/Ruska narodna respublika Lemkiv". World Academy of Rusyn Culture. Archived from the original on 2010-06-14. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  18. Tauber, Eliezer (13 September 2013). The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria. Routledge. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-135-20118-0.
Lists of political entities by century
AD (CE)
Centuries
Decades
Ages
BC (BCE)
Centuries
Ages
Categories: