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Naan

Alternative names	Nan, Noon, Paan, Faan
Region or state	Asia
Main ingredients	Flour, yeast, salt, sugar, ghee, water
Cookbook: Naan   Media: Naan

Naan (/nɑːn/) is a leavened, oven-baked or tawa-fried flatbread, that can also be baked in a tandoor. It is characterized by a light and fluffy texture and golden-brown spots from the baking process. Naan is found in the cuisines of Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean.

Composed of white or wheat flour and combined with a leavening agent, typically yeast, naan dough develops air pockets that contribute to its fluffy and soft texture. Additional ingredients for crafting naan include warm water, salt, ghee and yogurt, with optional additions like milk, egg, or honey. Baking powder or baking soda can be used instead of yeast to reduce the preparation time for the bread.

In the baking process using a tandoor, naan dough is rolled into balls, flattened and pressed against the inner walls, which can reach temperatures up to 480 °C (900 °F). This method allows the bread to be baked within minutes, achieving a spotty browning due to intense heat. Naan can be prepared on a stovetop using a tava. The pan may be flipped upside down over the flame to achieve browning on the bread's surface.

Once baked, naan is coated with ghee or butter and served warm. This soft and pliable bread accompanies meals, replacing utensils for scooping up sauces, stews, and curries, or with dryer dishes like tandoori chicken.

Etymology

The term "naan" comes from Persian nân (Persian: نان), a generic word for any kind of bread.

The earliest known English use of the term occurs in an 1803 travelogue written by William Tooke. While Tooke and other early sources spelled it "nan", the spelling "naan" has become predominant since the 1970s.

Varieties

Indian subcontinent

Naan spread to the Indian subcontinent during the Islamic Delhi Sultanate period. The earliest mention of naan in the region comes from the memoirs of Indo-Persian Sufi poet Amir Khusrau living in India during the 1300s AD. Khusrau mentions two kinds of naan eaten by Muslim nobles; Naan-e-Tunuk and Naan-e-Tanuri. Naan-e-Tunuk was a light or thin bread, while Naan-e-Tanuri was a heavy bread and was baked in the tandoor. During India’s Mughal era in the 1520s, naan was a delicacy that only nobles and royal families enjoyed because of the lengthy process of making leavened bread and because the art of making naan was a revered skill known by few. The Ain-i-Akbari, a record of the third Mughal emperor’s reign, refers to naan being eaten with kebabs or kheema in it. By the 1700s, naan had reached the masses in Mughal cultural centers in South Asia.

Indonesia

In Indonesia, naan is a popular alternative to rice among the Indians, Arabs, Malays, Acehnese and the Minangkabaus, similar though not the same as roti or roti canai which was introduced from Tamils. This dish is known as roti naan or roti nan, and is cooked using Indonesian spices such as garlic.

Myanmar

Naan bya (Burmese: နံပြား) in Myanmar is traditionally served at teahouses with tea or coffee as a breakfast item. It is round, soft, and blistered, often buttered, or with creamy pè byouk (boiled chickpeas) cooked with onions spread on top, or dipped with Burmese curry.

External image
A slideshow of Hyderabadi Kulcha / Naan / Sheermaal preparation images. Published on Flickr, retrieved 2023-02-06

China

The Jingzhou style of guokui, a flatbread prepared inside a cylindrical charcoal oven much like a tandoor, has been described as "Chinese naan". It is also an integral part of Uyghur cuisine and is known in Chinese as 馕 (náng).

Japan

After being promoted by Kandagawa Sekizai Shoukou in 1968, which is now the sole domestic manufacturer of tandoors, naan is now widely available in Indian-style curry restaurants in Japan, where naan is typically free-flow. Some restaurants bake ingredients such as cheese, garlic, onions, and potatoes into the naan, or cover it with toppings like a pizza.

Georgia

Shotis puri is a popular flat bread eaten in Georgia and cooked by sticking dough to the sides of a tandoor-like clay oven called a tone.

Elsewhere

In 1799, the word naan was introduced into the English language by historian and clergyman William Tooke. Today, naan can be found worldwide in restaurants serving South Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine, and it is available in many supermarkets. Fusion cuisine has introduced new dishes that incorporate naan, including naan pizza and naan tacos and even huevos rancheros (an egg dish) served over naan. Naan pizza is a type of pizza where naan is used as the crust instead of the traditional pizza dough. Chefs such as Nigella Lawson, and supermarkets such as Wegmans offer recipes for people to make their own naan pizza at home, though it is certainly not traditional.

Gallery

• Nan in Afghanistan
• Nan in Kabul, Afghanistan
• Nan in Mazar-e Sharif, Afghanistan
• Indian naan baked in the tandoor
• Tandoor-baked naan in Karachi
• A Uyghur naan store in Ürümqi, China
• Nan in Iran
• Nân-e barbari in Iran
• Nân-e sangak in Iran
• Nân-e tâftun in Iran
• Butter garlic naan
• Paneer (cheese) naan
• Burmese nan bya

See also

• Afghanistan
• Iran
• India
• Pakistan
• Middle East
• Food

• Iranian Naans
  • Sangak
  • Taftoon
  • Barbari
  • Lavash
• Tandoor bread
  • Tandoori roti
  • Tandoori paratha
  • Tandyr nan
• Bazlama
• Shotis puri
• Tonis puri
• Matnakash
• Paratha
• Parotta
• Afghan bread
• Indian breads
• Pakistani breads
• List of Pakistani breads
• List of Indian breads

References

1. Bernard Clayton's New Complete Book of Breads By Bernard Clayton Jr., Donnie A Cameron. Simon and Schuster. 1987. ISBN 9780671602222.
2. Qmin Archived 24 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine by Anil Ashokan, Greg Elms
3. The Science of Cooking, Peter Barham, Springer: 2001. ISBN 978-3-540-67466-5. p. 118.
4. The Bread Lover's Bread Machine Cookbook Archived 24 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine by Beth Hensperger
5. "Naan | Description, History, Ingredients, Preparation, & Varieties | Britannica". Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
6. Russia, or a Complete Historical Account of all the Nations which compose that Empire, London, p. 168: "The most common dishes are onoschi, or vermicelli; plav, or boiled rice; nan, pancakes, and the meats which the law permits." (referring to the eating habits of the central Turks). Other attestations in English can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. naan.
7. "Home : Oxford English" Dictionary". oed.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
8. Milton Glaser and Jerome Snyder. "Delhi Delights", New York Magazine, August 11, 1975, p. 73
9. "History of Naan". Times of India. 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
10. Dash, MadhulIka (2015). "Breaking Bread" (PDF). No. May–June. Forbes life india. Forbes. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
11. "Baking with Eda: 'Naan' Indonesian Flatbread". Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
12. ^ "Eating in Burma". Travelfish. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
13. "This 1,000-Year-Old Chinese 'Naan' Was Once Cooked in a Hat, and It's Yummy". Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
14. "Uighur Nan with Cumin and Onion Recipe". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
15. "Have You Ever Seen Uyghur Bazaar Naan? It's So Fluffy and Delicious | TRP". 6 May 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
16. "【近ごろ都に流行るもの】「カレーにナン」本場インド以上に普及・巨大化". 27 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
17. "インド人が驚く日本の｢ナン｣独自すぎる進化 | 食べれば世界がわかる！カレー経済圏". 6 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
18. "日本のインド料理店のナンが大きい理由 | 雑学ネタ帳". Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
19. Nigella. "NAAN PIZZA - Recipes - Nigella Lawson". nigella.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
20. "Recipes - Wegmans". wegmans.com. Archived from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2015.

External links

• Media related to Naan at Wikimedia Commons
• Cookbook:Naan at Wikibooks

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Breads	Bakarkhani Bhatoora Chapati Luchi Naan Porotha Alu porotha Moghlai porotha Puri (food) Ruti Rumali ruti Tandoor bread
Beverages	Akher rosh Aamrosh Beler Sharbat Borhani Cha Dudh cha Masala cha Seven-color tea Ghol Khejur rosh Lachhi Matha Rooh Afza Shorbot Taler rosh
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Bangladeshi diaspora	Chicken tikka masala Phall
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Common dishes	Aloo gobi Aloo gosht Aloo paratha Bun kebab Chaat Chapati Chicken tikka Chutney Dal Falooda Flattened rice Gajar ka halwa Gulab jamun Halwa Halwa poori Kheer Kulfi Puri Pakistani pickle Pakistani rice dishes Jalebi Khagina Kheer Khichra Khichri Laddu Maghaz Naan Pakora Papadum Paratha Pulao Roti Saalan Samosa Chorba Tandoor bread Tea Zarda
Pakistani diaspora	Balti (food) Chicken tikka masala Pakistani Chinese
Category Commons Cookbook Food portal Pakistan portal

v t e Indonesian cuisine by ethnicity
Dishes	Common Indonesian dishes Abon Acar Ayam bakar Ayam goreng Ayam kecap Ayam kodok Bakmi Bakpau Bakso Bakwan Bihun goreng Bubur ayam Bubur kacang hijau Bubur ketan hitam Bubur sumsum Gado-gado Gorengan Gulai Ikan asin Ikan bakar Ikan goreng Jagung rebus Kacang rebus Kari Kari ayam Kari domba Kari kambing Kari udang Kuaci Ketupat Laksa Lontong Macaroni schotel Martabak Mi bakso Mi goreng Mi kuah Nasi campur Nasi goreng Nasi kari Nasi kuning Nasi bakar Otak-otak Panekuk Pastel tutup Perkedel Perkedel jagung Pindang Rendang Rijsttafel Roti bakar Roti bolen Roti meses Rujak Sambal Sambal goreng udang Satay Sayur bayam Sayur sop Semur Serundeng Sop buntut Soto Soto ayam Soto mi Sup ayam Sup ercis Sup makaroni Sup wortel Tahu Tahu goreng Telur asin Telur pindang Tempeh Tumis kangkung Tumpeng Acehnese Meuseukat Mi aceh Mi caluk Nasi gurih Sate matang Arab Asida Falafel Hummus Kofta Manakish Katayef Nasi kabsah Nasi mandi Maamoul Marak Roti maryam Roti pita Saltah Shawarma Tabbouleh Tharid Balinese Babi guling Betutu Be urutan Iga babi Laklak Lawar Matah Nasi bali Nasi jinggo Pai susu Rawon babi Rujak kuah pindang Sate babi Sate lilit Soto babi Tipat cantok Banjarese Bingka Laksa banjar Pekasam Soto banjar Batak Arsik Babi panggang Karo Dali ni horbo Dengke mas na niura Itak gurgur Lampet Manuk napinadar Mi gomak Na tinombur Ombusombus Pagit-pagit Pohulpohul Saksang Sasagun Sate kerang Tipatipa Tuktuk Betawi Asinan betawi Bubur cha cha Kerak telor Ketoprak Ketupat sayur Laksa betawi Lontong sayur Mi kangkung Nasi goreng kambing Nasi kebuli Nasi uduk Nasi ulam Pindang Roti buaya Roti gambang Rujak juhi Sate taichan Sayur asem Semur jengkol Soto betawi Soto kaki Soto tangkar Sup kambing Buginese and Makassar Burasa Coto makassar Dangke Jalangkote Kaledo Konro Mi kering Pallubasa Sop saudara Chinese Babi hong Babi kecap Bak kut teh Bakkwa Banmian Bihun goreng Cakwe Cap cai Chai tow kway Char kway teow Cha sio Fu yung hai Fish ball Haisom cah Ifumi Kembang tahu Kepiting saus tiram Kuaci Kwetiau ayam Kwetiau goreng Kwetiau siram sapi Lapchiong Locupan Lontong cap go meh Lumpia Mi ayam Mi lor Mi pangsit Mi tarik Mun tahu Nasi ayam hainan Nasi bebek Nasi campur Nasi tim Ngo hiang Pangsit Popiah Rujak shanghai Sapo tahu Sate babi Sekba Siomay Soto Sup hisit Sup sarang burung Swikee Tahu sumedang Tauge ayam Tee long pan Telur pitan Telur teh Tong sui Yong tau fu Yusheng Cirebonese Empal gentong Docang Kue gapit Mi koclok Nasi jamblang Nasi lengko Tahu gejrot Gorontalese Binte biluhuta Sate Tuna Ayam iloni Sagela Ilahe Bilentango Sate Balanga Ilabulo Nasi kuning cakalang Buburu Bubur sagela Nasi goreng sagela Tabu Moitomo Ikan iloni Pilitode Indian Ayam mentega Ayam tandori Chapati Chutney Dosa Idli Laddu Kari kambing Kari kepala ikan Korma Modak Naan Nasi biryani Raita Roti canai Sambar Samosa Satti Sorru Indo Ayam kodok Babi panggang Bitterballen Erwtensoep Hutspot Makaroni schotel Oliebol Ontbijtkoek Pannenkoek Poffertjes Shepherd's pie Spekkoek Javanese Apem Arem-arem Ayam bumbu rujak Ayam geprek Ayam goreng kalasan Ayam penyet Bakso Bakpia Bakpia pathok Botok Brongkos Buntil Gudeg Iga penyet Kamir Kelan antep Krechek Kuluban Lepet Lontong balap Lontong dekem Lontong kupang Lumpia Lumpia goreng Lumpia semarang Sumpia Mendoan Mi bakso Mi goreng Mi jawa Mi rebus Nasi ambeng Nasi bebek Nasi bogana Nasi empal Nasi gandul Nasi goreng Nasi goreng jawa Nasi kare Nasi kucing Nasi liwet Nasi megono Nasi pecel Nasi tempong Opor Opor ayam Pecel Pecel ayam Pecel lele Rambak petis Rawon Roti ganjel rel Roti konde Rujak cingur Rujak soto Sambal ulek Sate ambal Sate blora Sate kambing Sate hati Sate kelinci Sate kikil Sate klatak Sate madura Sate ponorogo Sate tegal Sate udang Sayur lodeh Selat solo Serundeng Soto babat Soto ceker Tahu campur Telur pindang Tempe bacem Tempe goreng Tempe mendoan Timlo Tongseng Trancam Tumpeng Urap Madurese Rujak Rujak cingur Sate madura Serundeng Soto madura Malay Amplang Ayam goreng Ayam pansuh Bubur cha cha Bubur pedas Cincalok Epok-epok Gulai Ikan bakar Ikan patin Kangkung belacan Kari Kemplang Laksa Mi kari Mi rebus Nasi berlauk Nasi briyani Nasi dagang Nasi goreng Nasi goreng pattaya Nasi lemak Nasi minyak Otak-otak Pekasam Pulut Roti canai Roti jala Roti john Roti tisu Sayur lodeh Siput gonggong Soto Sup kambing Tahu goreng Tempoyak Ulam Minahasan Ayam rica-rica Brenebon Cakalang fufu Dabu-dabu Klappertaart Mi cakalang Nasi kuning Panada Paniki Rica-rica Rintek wuuk Tinorangsak Tinutuan Woku Minangkabau Asam pedas Ayam pop Balado Daun ubi tumbuk Dendeng Gulai Gulai ayam Gulai kambing Gulai otak Kalio Kepiting saus padang Keripik sanjai Lemang Lontong gulai pakis Nasi kapau Nasi kari Nasi padang Palai bada Rendang Sambal lada muda Sate padang Soto padang Udang balado Moluccan and Papuan Asida Babi bakar Bibingka Colo-colo Papeda Puding sagu Sagu Soto ambon Palembang Burgo Gulai Kemplang Laksan Lakso Mi celor Nasi minyak Otak-otak Pempek Pindang Tekwan Tempoyak ikan patin Peranakan Bubur cha cha Cincalok Laksa Pai ti Swikee Sasak Ayam taliwang Plecing kangkung Sate ampet Sate belut Sate pusut Sundanese Asinan bogor Batagor Empal gepuk Karedok Kupat tahu Laksa bogor Laksa tangerang Lalab Mi kocok Nasi timbel Nasi tutug oncom Oncom Pepes Rujak tumbuk Sate bandeng Sate maranggi Sayur asem Seblak Soto bandung Tauge goreng Uli bakar Timorese Feijoada Ikan bakar Katemak Pastel de nata Se'i
Snacks	Krupuk Amplang Emping Kemplang Krupuk Krupuk ikan Krupuk kulit Krupuk udang Kripik Kripik sanjai Rempeyek Rengginang Kue Agar-agar Apam Ape Arem-arem Asida Bagea Bahulu Bakcang Bakpau Bakpia Bakpia pathok Bangkit Bibingka Bika ambon Bingka Bitterballen Bolen Bolu gulung Bolu kukus Bolu pandan Bugis Bulan Busa Cakwe Cilok Clorot Cubit Cucur Dadar gulung Dodol Donat jawa Donat kentang Gapit Geplak Gethuk Jalangkote Jemput-jemput Kaak Kaasstengels Kamir Karipap Kembang goyang Keranjang Klappertaart Klepon Kochi Kroket Ku Kukis jagung Laddu Laklak Lapis Lapis legit Leker Lemper Lidah kucing Lumpia Lumpia goreng Lumpia semarang Sumpia Lupis Madumongso Makmur Martabak Mangkok Mochi Modak Nagasari Nastar Ombusombus Onde-onde Pai susu Pai ti Panada Pancong Pastel Pastel de nata Pinyaram Pisang cokelat Pisang goreng Poffertjes Popiah Pukis Putri salju Putu Putu mangkok Putu mayang Rangi Rempah udang Risoles Samosa Satu Semar mendem Semprit Semprong Serabi Seri muka Sus Spekulaas Stroopwafel Talam Tapai Timphan Terang bulan Untir-untir Wajik Wingko
Beverages	Alcoholic Arak Beer Brem Cap tikus Ciu Lapen Saguer Sopi Tuak Non-alcoholic Adon-adon coro Angsle Bajigur Bandrek Bir jawa Bir kocok Bir pletok Cendol Chocolate milk Cincau Dadiah Es asam jawa Es buah Es campur Es doger Es durian Es goyobod Es kelapa muda Es kopyor Es selendang mayang Es tebak Es tebu Es teler Hot chocolate Jahe telur Jamu Java coffee Kembang tahu Kopi luwak Kopi susu Kopi tarik Kopi tiam Kopi tubruk Lahang Laksamana mengamuk Legen Milo Moke Ronde Sarsi Badak Indo saparelle Sekoteng Soda gembira Susu kedelai Sweet tea Teh botol Teh krisan Teh liang Teh poci Teh jahe Teh tarik Teh talua Wedang jahe Wedang uwuh
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Influences and overseas dishes	Achat Asam pedas Ayam penyet Babi pangang Bami Bamischijf Begedil Biryani Bobotie Bobotok Boeber Dendeng Kalu dodol Koe'sister Lumpia Martabak Mie bangladesh Mie goreng Mie rebus Nasi ambeng Nasi goreng Nasi kuning Nasischijf Pechal Pisang goreng Rawon Rendang Rojak Roti canai Satay Sayur lodeh Serundeng Sosatie Soto Telur pindang Tempeh Tomato bredie
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Category: Indonesian cuisine

v t e Flatbreads
Asia	Aparon Balep korkun Barbari bread Bhakri Bhatoora Bindae-tteok Bing Bolani Chapati Danbing Kaak Kabkab Kattama Khubz Kiping Kulcha Gözleme Jolada rotti Lahoh Laobing Lavash Luchi Malooga Markook Matzo Mulawah Malawach Malawah Naan Nan/non Papadam Paratha Aloo paratha Parotta Pathiri Phitti Piaya Pihta Pita Pletzel Puran poli Puri Qistibi Qutab Ramazan pidesi Roti Makki di roti Roti canai Roti prata Rumali roti Sa Sanchuisanda Sangak Scallion pancake Cōng yóu bǐng Pajeon Saj bread Shaobing Sheermal Shelpek Taboon bread Taftan Tandoor bread Thalipeeth Zhingyalov hats
Europe	Bannock Bazlama Crescia Crispbread Farl Flammkuchen Flatbrød Flatkaka Focaccia Hoggan Khachapuri Lángos Lefse Mekitsa Opłatek Pancake Pane carasau Piadina Pita Pizza Podpłomyk Rieska Sacramental bread Scaccia Shotis puri Somun Talo Torta de gazpacho Tunnbröd
Africa	Bataw Eish merahrah Injera Khubz Lahoh Ngome Msemen Sabaayad
America	Arepa Bammy Bannock Casabe Frybread Corn tortilla List of tortilla-based dishes Flour tortilla Tortilla de rescoldo
Recipes on WikiBooks Category:Flatbreads Food portal

v t e Bread
Types	Brown bread Bun Flatbread Multigrain Quick Rye bread Salt-rising Sandwich bread Soda bread Sourdough Sprouted Unleavened White bread Whole wheat
Ingredients	Baker's yeast Barm Calcium propanoate Dough conditioner Eggs Fat Flour Leavening agent Milk Salt Sugar Water
Equipment	Oven Bread machine Bread pan Dough scraper Farinograph Lame Peel Stand mixer Warmer Toaster Weighing scales
Processes and techniques	Autolysis Baking Biga Chorleywood bread process Kneading Leavening Maillard reaction No-knead bread Proofing Pre-ferment Pre-slicing Sponge and dough Steaming Straight dough Vienna process
Uses	Breadcrumbs Bread bowl Bread pakora Bread pudding Croutons French toast Rusks Stuffing Sandwiches Toast
Other	Bakery Breadmaking Baker percentage Bread and salt Bread in Europe Bread clip History of bread
List articles	American breads Brand name breads Bread dishes Bread rolls British breads Buns French breads Indian breads Pakistani breads Quick breads Sourdough breads Sweet breads Swiss breads Toast dishes
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