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Neoendorphins are a group of endogenous opioid peptides derived from the proteolytic cleavage of prodynorphin. They include α-neoendorphin and β-neoendorphin. The α-neoendorphin is present in greater amounts in the brain than β-neoendorphin. Both are products of the dynorphin gene, which also expresses dynorphin A, dynorphin A-(1-8), and dynorphin B. These opioid neurotransmitters are especially active in Central Nervous System receptors, whose primary function is pain sensation. These peptides all have the consensus amino acid sequence of Try-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met (met-enkephalin) or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu ( leu-enkephalin). Binding of neoendorphins to opioid receptors (OPR), in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons results in the reduction of time of calcium-dependent action potential. The α-neoendorphins bind OPRD1(delta), OPRK1(kappa), and OPRM1 (mu) and β-neoendorphin bind OPRK1.

Types

See also

• Endorphin

References

1. Seizinger BR, Grimm C, Höllt V, Herz A (February 1984). "Evidence for a selective processing of proenkephalin B into different opioid peptide forms in particular regions of rat brain and pituitary". Journal of Neurochemistry. 42 (2): 447–57. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02698.x. PMID 6141221. S2CID 33527743.
2. Cone, Ri; Weber, E; Barchas, Jd; Goldstein, A (1983-11-01). "Regional distribution of dynorphin and neo-endorphin peptides in rat brain, spinal cord, and pituitary". The Journal of Neuroscience. 3 (11): 2146–2152. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.03-11-02146.1983. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6564641. PMID 6138396.
3. Bhagavan, N.V.; Ha, Chung-Eun (2015), "Endocrine Metabolism II", Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, Elsevier, pp. 545–557, ISBN 978-0-12-416687-5, retrieved 2022-04-24
4. Bhagavan, N. V. (2002-01-01), Bhagavan, N. V. (ed.), "CHAPTER 31 - Endocrine Metabolism II: Hypothalamus and Pituitary", Medical Biochemistry (Fourth Edition), San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 729–747, doi:10.1016/b978-012095440-7/50033-0, ISBN 978-0-12-095440-7, retrieved 2022-05-12
5. Werz, Mary Ann; Macdonald, Robert L. (1985). "Opioid peptides decrease calcium-dependent action potential duration of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons in cell culture". Brain Research. 239 (1): 315–321. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90859-9. hdl:2027.42/23986. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 7093688. S2CID 12991911.
6. PubChem. "beta-Neoendorphin". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
7. PubChem. "alpha-Neoendorphin". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-12.

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