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4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride

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4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 4-Methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride
Other names Tosyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, p-TsCl, TsCl
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.441 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C7H7ClO2S/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)11(8,9)10/h2-5H,1H3Key: YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C7H7ClO2S/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)11(8,9)10/h2-5H,1H3Key: YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES
  • O=S(Cl)(=O)c1ccc(cc1)C
Properties
Chemical formula C7H7ClO2S
Molar mass 190.65 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Melting point 65 to 69 °C (149 to 156 °F; 338 to 342 K)
Boiling point 134 °C (273 °F; 407 K) at 10 mmHg
Solubility in water Reacts with water
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards Releases HCl on contact with water
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3 1 0
Flash point 128 °C (262 °F; 401 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2Cl. This white, malodorous solid is a reagent widely used in organic synthesis. Abbreviated TsCl or TosCl, it is a derivative of toluene and contains a sulfonyl chloride (−SO2Cl) functional group.

Uses

Main article: Tosyl

In characteristic manner, TsCl converts alcohols (abbreviated ROH) into the corresponding toluenesulfonate esters, or tosyl derivatives ("tosylates"):

CH3C6H4SO2Cl + ROH → CH3C6H4SO2OR + HCl

Tosylates can be cleaved with lithium aluminium hydride:

4 CH3C6H4SO2OR + LiAlH4 → LiAl(O3SC6H4CH3)4 + 4 RH

Thus, tosylation followed by reduction allows for removal of a hydroxyl group.

Likewise, TsCl is used to prepare sulfonamides from amines:

CH3C6H4SO2Cl + R2NH → CH3C6H4SO2NR2 + HCl

The resulting sulfonamides are non-basic and, when derived from primary amines, are even acidic.

TsCl reacts with hydrazine to give p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide.

The preparation of tosyl esters and amides are conducted in the presence of a base, which absorbs hydrogen chloride. The selection of the base is often crucial to the efficiency of tosylation. Typical bases include pyridine and triethylamine. Unusual bases are also used; for example, catalytic amounts of trimethylammonium chloride in the presence of triethylamine is highly effective by virtue of the trimethylamine.

Other reactions

Being a widely available reagent, TsCl has been heavily examined from the perspective of reactivity. It is used in dehydrations to make nitriles, isocyanides and diimides. In an unusual reaction focusing on the sulfur center, zinc reduces TsCl to the sulfinate, CH3C6H4SO2Na.

Manufacture

This reagent is inexpensively available for laboratory use. It is a by-product from the production of ortho-toluenesulfonyl chloride (a precursor for the synthesis of the common food additive and catalyst saccharin), via the chlorosulfonation of toluene:

CH3C6H5 + SO2Cl2 → CH3C6H4SO2Cl + HCl

Hazards

Tosyl chloride is "a corrosive lachrymator."

References

  1. "P-TOLUENESULFONYL CHLORIDE (TOSYL CHLORIDE)".
  2. ^ Whitaker, D. T.; Whitaker, K. S.; Johnson, C. R.; Haas, J. (2006). "P-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride". p-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: John Wiley. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rt136.pub2. ISBN 978-0471936237. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  3. Ichikawa, J.; Nadano, R.; Mori, T.; Wada, Y. (2006). "5-endo-trig Cyclization of 1,1-Difluoro-1-alkenes: Synthesis of 3-Butyl-2-Fluoro-1-Tosylindole". Organic Syntheses. 83: 111; Collected Volumes, vol. 11, p. 834.
  4. Whitmore, F. C.; Hamilton, F. H. (1922). "Sodium Toluenesulfinate". Organic Syntheses. 2: 89; Collected Volumes, vol. 1, p. 492.
  5. Lindner, O.; Rodefeld, L. "Benzenesulfonic Acids and Their Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_507. ISBN 978-3527306732.
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